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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Some properties of a strain of mouse hepatitis virus, MHV-2, grown on DBT cells were determined using a plaque assay on the cells. Viral growth was not inhibited by the presence of actinomycin D or 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine. MHV-2 was completely inactivated by ether, chloroform, sodium deoxycholate or beta-propiolactone, but showed a moderate resistance to trypsin. Heating at 56 C for 30 min did not completely abolish the virus infectivity. The virus was stable after heating at 50 C for 15 min in 1M-MgCl2 or 1M-MgSO4 as well as at 37 C for 60 min at pH 3.0 to 9.0. Infectivity was decreased to 1/100 and 1/400 after storing at 4 C for 30 days and 37 C for 24 hr, respectively. The virus passed through a 200-nm but not a 50-nm Sartorius membrane filter. The buoyant density of MHV-2 was 1.183 g/cm3 in sucrose gradient, and the fraction contained coronavirus-like particles measuring 70 to 130 nm in diameter. Survival rate was 10% after exposure to ultraviolet at 150 ergs/mm2. Freezing and thawing or sonication at 20 kc for 3 min did not affect the virus titer. No hemagglutinin was demonstrable with red blood cells of the chicken, Japanese quail, mouse, rat, hamster, guinea pig, sheep, bovine or human.
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PMID:Physico-chemical properties of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-2) grown on DBT cell culture. 3 Aug 81

Outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis were observed in broiler chickens on a poultry farm during 3 years. Avian adenovirus-like agents were isolated during these years from livers of diseased chickens. Round-cell-type cytopathogenic effect and intranuclear inclusion bodies were produced in chicken kidney cell cultures inoculated with these agents. Properties of the agents were as follows: resistant to ether, chloroform, socium deoxycholate, trypsin, heating at 50 C, and pH 3.0; sensitive to 5-iodo-deoxyuridine; and pathogenic to chicken embryos. From these properties and ultrastructural findings of the agents, these were identified as avian adenovirus. Day-old commercial chicks were insusceptible to these viruses. Maternal antibody levels in commercial chicks were considerable. Surveys for neutralizing index to the virus were performed on chickens in the field, and all sera tested were positive. Electron-microscope examination showed that these viruses contained avian-adenovirus-associated virus.
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PMID:Some properties of avian adenoviruses isolated from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis in Japan. 18 9

The in vitro isolation, propagation, and characterization of duck hepatitis virus Type III (DHV-III), is described. This virus, which is serologically distinct from the classical (Type I) DHV, replicated in liver and kidney cell cultures of duck origin. Replication was limited in chicken and quail kidney and duck embryo fibroblast cultures. It did not replicate in a variety of other cell cultures of avian or mammalian origin. The virus was grown successfully in embryonating eggs of ducks, but not of chickens. DHV-III passed through a 50-nm membrane filter, was stable at pH 3.0 and resisted treatment with 5% chloroform. Virus growth was not inhibited by treatment with 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine. Electron-microscope examination revealed crystalline arrays in the cytoplasm; virus particles had cubic symmetry, and were about 30 nm in diameter. By these properties, this virus can be classified as a member of the picornavirus group.
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PMID:In vitro isolation, propagation, and characterization of duck hepatitis virus type III. 23 Aug 9

The new serologic assay for hepatitis C has made it possible to identify patients infected with this agent and to better characterize their clinical illness and its sequelae. As the clinical entity has become better recognized, our understanding of the infectious process has also progressed. Hepatitis C is a chloroform-sensitive RNA virus, only 30-60 nm in diameter, containing a lipid coat. Both erythrocytes and plasma can transmit infection. The viral genome consists of single-stranded linear RNA of approximately 10 kilobases. The first serologic assay developed was a radioimmunoassay, followed shortly by an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Secondary tests for specificity now exist. Blood donor populations may have a significant frequency of false positives on the antibody test, making it important that positive results be confirmed with a secondary assay. The antibody is only detected 2 months after infection, by means of currently available assays, and may not appear in many patients until 3 to 6 months after infection. Hepatitis C infection is commonly chronic. This may lead to an asymptomatic chronic carrier state without demonstrable liver disease, or to chronic progressive or non-progressive hepatitis.
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PMID:Hepatitis C: what progress? 143 69

Chloroform ingestion poisoning leading to toxic hepatitis is very uncommon. We report one such case in a 16 yrs old patient.
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PMID:Chloroform ingestion causing toxic hepatitis. 148 34

Pharmacokinetic analysis of lidocaine (Lid) and its metabolites, monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and glycinexylidide (GX), was performed in a dog bearing carbon tetrachloride (CCl4, 0.75 ml/kg ip)-induced acute hepatitis. Following pentobarbital sodium (25 mg/kg iv) anesthesia, lidocaine hydrochloride (2.5 mg/kg iv) was given and arterial blood was drawn 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after administration. Lid and its metabolites in plasma were extracted with chloroform-hexane-isopropanol (60 : 30 : 10), and organic layer was dried down at 50 degrees C under N2. The residue was dissolved in 50mM phosphoric acid and subjected to HPLC analysis. 4-compartment model was introduced to analyze pharmacokinetic parameters, and which gave the most reasonable fit with actual results. Control experiment was carried out using identical dog with acute hepatitis. The following results were given: 1) Elimination of Lid was slightly depressed, but T1/2 was not altered. Plasma level of Lid was kept higher. 2) As for MEGX, the formation was depressed, and upto 23 min after Lid administration, MEGX concentration in the dog with acute hepatitis was lower than that of control, but after 23 min it was vice versa. 3) As for GX, the formation was depressed, but the elimination was not affected. In the dog with CCl4-induced hepatitis, metabolism of Lid was suppressed, and which resulted in maintaining a relatively higher levels of Lid and MEGX concentration in plasma. These results suggested that care should be taken to avoid acute poisoning with Lid especially in patients with acute hepatitis.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and its metabolites in dog. Comparison between normal and CCl4-induced hepatic lesion]. 248 93

Pale chicks with necrotic dermatitis, small bursas of Fabricius (BFs), small thymuses, pale bone marrow, and watery blood were suspected of having parvovirus-like virus- (PVLV) associated disease. Histologic lesions included atrophy or hypoplasia of thymuses and BFs, and septic necrotizing clostridial dermatitis and hepatitis. Clostridium perfringens was cultured from skin and liver. A PVLV was isolated in a Marek's disease tumor cell line (MDCC-MSB1) culture and was identified by physicochemical, immunofluorescent, and morphologic features. This isolate was named GA-1 PVLV. Specific-antibody-negative chicks and embryos infected with heat- or chloroform-treated GA-1 PVLV developed anemia at the same rate. Control chicks never were anemic. This is the first isolation of PVLV from clinically ill chickens in the United States and the first report of PVLV-induced anemia in chickens in the Western Hemisphere.
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PMID:Infectious anemia caused by a parvovirus-like virus in Georgia broilers. 254 35

Posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis associated with the formation of hepatocyte cytoplasmic tubules was experimentally transmitted to chimpanzees by intravenous inoculation of a proven-infectious plasma that had been pelleted and microfiltrated, or purified by a combination of pelleting and rate-zonal banding. The results of these studies indicate that a factor VIII-derived non-A, non-B tubule-forming agent will pass through an 80-nm membrane filter and that it can be recovered from infected plasma by use of a purification procedure that assumes the non-A, non-B tubule-forming agent is a small, enveloped virus. Our findings, in combination with the known sensitivity of the non-A, non-B tubule-forming agent to chloroform and its apparent lack of nucleic acid homology with hepatitis B virus, further suggest that at least one etiologic agent of human posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis may be a small, enveloped RNA virus.
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PMID:Posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis in chimpanzees. Physicochemical evidence that the tubule-forming agent is a small, enveloped virus. 298 54

We carried out safety studies in 45 previously untreated patients with congenital coagulatory defects, who needed to be treated with clotting factor concentrates. Non-A, non-B hepatitis developed in patients who received dry heated F VIII preparations with or without chloroform, but not in those who were infused with hot-steam treated F VIII or chromatography treated F IX. Hepatitis B developed in 3 unvaccinated patients who received the same lot of hot steam treated F VIII. None of the 45 patients we have investigated developed HTLV-III/LAV antibody. Thus, dry heating of concentrates does not prevent hepatitis transmission. Hot-steam and hydrophobic interaction chromatography seem to be more effective in preventing hepatitis transmission, but not completely safe. All the above procedures except hot steam seem to protect from hepatitis B. They all seem to prevent HTLV-III/LAV transmission.
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PMID:Clinical studies with treated clotting factor concentrates. 303 39

The effect of sera from 8 patients with fulminant hepatitis, including 2 survival cases, on DNA and protein synthesis in primary cultured rat hepatocytes was studied. The serum from patients at an early stage or within 10 days after onset tended to intensify DNA synthesis in isolated hepatocytes, whereas the serum from patients with a history of over 50 days distinctly inhibited synthesis. When the serum was fractionated by gel filtration or free-flow electrophoresis, only the albumin fraction inhibited DNA synthesis in cultured hepatocytes. The suppressive effect of the albumin fraction was demonstrated even in patients suffering for only a short period of time. The inhibitory activity against DNA and protein synthesis in cultured hepatocytes was demonstrated in a substance extracted with a chloroform and methanol mixture from the albumin fraction of patients with fulminant hepatitis. The extract from the patients' sera also inhibited acceleration of DNA synthesis by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the same cells.
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PMID:Inhibitory activity of the serum from patients with fulminant hepatitis against liver regeneration. 373 55


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