Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nineteen patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis (CH-NANB) and 24 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CH-B) were treated with interferons, and the therapeutic and biological responses of the two groups (CH-NANB and CH-B) were compared. All patients had had sustained elevations in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (sGPT) levels for more than 6 months and were proven to have chronic hepatitis by liver biopsy. alpha-Interferon (IFN-alpha) or beta-interferon (IFN-beta) was administered in low doses of 3 to 6 mega international units (MIU) daily for 4 wk. Liver biopsies were taken from 13 CH-NANB and 14 CH-B subjects just before and immediately after treatment, and histological findings were assessed by the histology activity index (HAI) score. SGPT levels decreased much more rapidly and markedly in CH-NANB than in CH-B during IFN therapy (p less than 0.01). The HAI score decreased 3.5 points in CH-NANB and 1.0 point in CH-B between pretreatment and posttreatment. Serum beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) increased in both types of chronic hepatitis during treatment, but the rate of elevation was significantly less in CH-NANB than in CH-B (p less than 0.001). beta 2-MG expression on hepatocytes stained by the PAP method was almost identical in CH-NANB before and after treatment, whereas it increased steadily in CH-B. The serum 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase level increased in both types of hepatitis on IFN administration. These results suggest that, in IFN treatment for CH-NANB, the antiviral actions of IFNs may play a very important role in reducing the activity of chronic hepatitis.
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PMID:Comparative study of clinical, histological, and immunological responses to interferon therapy in type non-A, non-B, and type B chronic hepatitis. 168 84

Beta 2-Microglobulin expression on hepatocyte membrane was studied in 117 liver biopsies from patients with acute and chronic hepatitis B and in 11 subjects with normal liver function, using immunohistochemical PAP method. In normal liver beta 2-microglobulin could not be detected on hepatocyte membrane, compared with that in subjects with normal liver, in asymptomatic HBsAg carrier and in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, there is significant enhancement of beta 2-microglobulin expression in patients with acute mild hepatitis and chronic mild active hepatitis. Beta 2-Microglobulin expression in patients with chronic active hepatitis with moderate to severe activity and cirrhosis has a significant enhancement, when compared with acute mild hepatitis and chronic mild active hepatitis. Moreover, location of beta 2-microglobulin expression on hepatocyte membrane was associated with lesion of hepatocytes. Enhanced expression of beta 2-microglobulin on hepatocyte membrane in acute and chronic hepatitis B probably reflects enhanced display of HLA-ABC antigens and may influence the course of hepatitis B virus infection by increasing susceptibility of T cell-mediated hepatocytelysis.
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PMID:[A study of the relation of the expression of beta-microglobulin and hepatocytic lesions in hepatitis B]. 220 29

A case is reported of a foramen ovale becoming patent during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The patient had a hepatoma secondary to post-hepatitis cirrhosis. Monitoring included transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). A veno-venous shunt between the right femoral, portal and left axillary veins was used so as to maintain the venous return during portal and caval clamping. The patient's haemodynamic state remained quite stable throughout this period, and no vasoactive drug was required. Five min after graft reperfusion, pulmonary arterial pressure increased suddenly (mean PAP: 27 mmHg). TEE revealed paradoxical movements of the atrial septum. Colour coded Doppler ultrasound showed blood flowing from the right to the left atrium through a patent foramen ovale. Fifteen min later, mean PAP decreased (18 mmHg) and TEE no longer showed any flow between the two atria. Several studies have reported transient pulmonary hypertension after unclamping when the donor liver is reperfused. This could induce right ventricular failure, with transient inversion of the atrial pressure gradient, which, in turn, could result in a right-to-left shunt through a patent foramen ovale. TEE can monitor regional and overall left ventricular function as well as the atrial septum. This technique might therefore to be useful for cardiac monitoring during OLT.
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PMID:[Opening of a foramen ovale during liver transplantation. The value of transesophageal echocardiography]. 224 Jun 93

We studied viral hepatitis, type A, type B, type D and type non A non B. Type A hepatitis was diagnosed by the serological examination for IgM type anti-HA and total anti-HA. Several cases were negative for IgM type anti-HA within 2 weeks after the onset of type A hepatitis. Type B hepatitis was diagnosed by RIA for serum HBs antigen. Several cases of type B hepatitis were negative for serum HBs antigen but positive for IgM type anti-HBc, or hepatocytes were positive for HBs antigen. These cases had high titer of total anti-HBc. Type D hepatitis was diagnosed by RIA for anti-delta in serum and by PAP stain for delta antigen in hepatocytes. All cases of type D hepatitis were positive for anti-delta in their serum and positive for delta antigen in their hepatocytes, they were positive for HBs antigen. Incidence of HDV infection was 0.7% in HBV carrier. The incidence of non A non B hepatitis was 27.6% in 105 recipients and the incidence of its progression to the chronicity was 20.0%.
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PMID:[The clinical examination for posttransfusion hepatitis]. 251 5

A multiparameter ultrasonic tissue characterization system has been developed and tested on several types of diffuse liver disease. The four tissue characterization parameters used are based on the first and second order statistics of the B-scan image. Performance of the system was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and was compared with the performance of experienced human observers viewing B-scan images. The machine-based multiparameter system achieved an area under the ROC curve (Az) of 0.88 for detection of chronic hepatitis in more than 100 proven cases of the disease. This was dramatically better than the performance of human observers (Az = .64, P less than .05) and compares favorably to the performance of other accepted diagnostic tests such as head CT and the PAP smear. For detection of Gaucher's disease, the Az for the system was .92, whereas for separating hepatitis from Gaucher's disease Az was .84. Human observers also did well at these tasks (P greater than .8) using organomegaly as their major criterion for diagnosing Gaucher's disease. For primary biliary cirrhosis the system Az was .80, for glycogen storage disease Az was .94. These results suggest that use of multiparameter tissue characterization can significantly increase the usefulness of ultrasound for evaluation of diffuse liver disease.
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PMID:Quantitative ultrasonic detection and classification of diffuse liver disease. Comparison with human observer performance. 266 36

The majority of epidemiological studies on the benefits and risks of oral contraceptive (OC) use have been conducted during the late 1960s and early 1970s when OCs had 50 mcg of estrogen. Based on these studies, the risk of death due to OC use for nonsmokers 35-39 years old was lower than using no contraceptive at all (14.1 deaths/100,000 women/year vs. 25.7 deaths/100,000 women/year). In addition to smoking, other contraindications include women with a history of angina, myocardial infarction, blood clots or stroke, estrogen dependent cancer, hypertension, a known lipid disorder, and women with hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver. Suitable 35 year old candidates for OC use would be nonsmokers with blood group O, at low risk for cardiovascular disease, and who might receive additional benefits, including those with severe dysmenorrhea or hypermenorrhea and possibly those who have a strong family history of osteoporosis, early menopause, or ovarian cancer. Practitioners should take a thorough history of these women and give a physical examination with a blood pressure check. They should also administer screening tests, such as a PAP test, mammograms, a lipoprotein profile, and a glucose test. After the practitioners have deemed these women to be healthy based on the examination and the results of the screening test, they then should prescribe only a low dose OC containing 50 mcg of estrogen. Today most estrogen based OCs contain 35 mcg and research on their effects have not yet begun. Scientists expect to find that the dose response effects for risks for thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, stroke, and gallbladder disease to be lower in users of the low dose preparations.
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PMID:Risks and benefits of oral contraceptive use in women over 35. 323 16

One hundred and twenty HBsAg positive patients with chronic liver disease, 94 with CAH and 26 with CPH, were studied in order to characterize chronic HBsAg positive hepatitis virologically. All patients came from a geographical area (Campania, Italy) with a high prevalence of HBV and HDV infection. Each patient was tested for the presence of HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-delta in serum (by RIA techniques), and of HDV (by direct immunofluorescence) and HBcAg (by indirect immunofluorescence and PAP-immunoperoxidase) in liver biopsy specimens. Anti-delta serum positivity was remarkably more frequent in patients with CAH (40%) than in those with CPH (19%). Delta-Ag was found in 94.7% of the anti-delta positive patients with CAH, but in none of the five anti-delta positive patients with CPH. In contrast, the frequency of HBcAg tissue positivity was similar in CAH and CPH. Positivity for HBcAg was less frequent in CAH with cirrhosis than in CAH without cirrhosis, while there was no difference in the prevalence of delta-Ag.
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PMID:Prevalence of HBcAg and delta-Ag in liver tissue of patients with HBsAg positive chronic hepatitis. 341 90

An immunohistochemical localization of ligandin was undertaken in formalin fixed and paraffin wax embedded human tissues using the indirect immunoperoxidase (PAP) method and a monospecific antiligandin serum raised in rabbits. A substance reacting with this antiligandin serum was distributed diffusely in normal liver and selectively in kidney, intestine, testis, ovary and adrenal cortex. Small changes in the distribution and intensity of the reaction product were found in inflammatory conditions such as hepatitis, cholestasis, pyelonephritis and renal allograft rejection. Tissues which normally appear to contain abundant ligandin produce, as a general rule, easily demonstrate amounts of antiligandin reacting substance in the tumors and hyperplasias which arise from them.
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PMID:Immunohistological localization of ligandin in human tissues. 735 2

Pancreatitis-associated protein I (PAP I) is a secretory protein first described as an acute phase reactant during acute pancreatitis. Recently, induction of the PAP I gene was also described in liver during hepatocarcinogenesis. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of this induction, we used constructs carrying progressive deletions of the PAP I promoter fused to the CAT gene. We showed that the silencer conferring tissue specificity on the PAP I gene was inactive in hepatoma cells. Then, in an vitro transcription system, we compared the transcription capacity of nuclear extracts from normal liver and HepG2 cells on constructs containing the silencer. The results confirmed that a trans-acting factor interacting with the PAP I silencer was present in liver cells and absent from hepatoma cells. On the other hand, immunohistochemistry showed that PAP I was expressed in a limited number of transformed hepatocytes. It was concluded that expression of PAP I in hepatocarcinoma occurred through inactivation of its silencer element and was not concomitant in all malignant cells. On that basis, we assayed PAP I in serum from patients with chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis or hepatocarcinoma. PAP I levels were normal in chronic active or persistent hepatitis, significantly higher in cirrhosis and strongly elevated in hepatocarcinoma. Because those clinical entities often develop in that sequence, serum PAP I appeared as a potential marker of hepatocarcinoma development.
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PMID:Mechanism of PAP I gene induction during hepatocarcinogenesis: clinical implications. 895 91

Human hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatic-associated protein HIP/PAP is a secreted C-type lectin belonging to group VII, according to Drickamer's classification. HIP/PAP is overexpressed in liver carcinoma; however, its functional role remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that HIP/PAP is a paracrine hepatic growth factor promoting both proliferation and viability of liver cells in vivo. First, a low number of implanted hepatocytes deriving from HIP/PAP-transgenic mice (<1:1,000) was sufficient to stimulate overall recipient severe combined immunodeficiency liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. After a single injection of HIP/PAP protein, the percentages of bromodeoxyuridine-positive nuclei and mitosis were statistically higher than after saline injection, indicating that HIP/PAP acts as a paracrine mitogenic growth factor for the liver. Comparison of the early events posthepatectomy in control and transgenic mice indicated that HIP/PAP accelerates the accumulation/degradation of nuclear phospho-signal transducer activator transcription factor 3 and tumor necrosis factor alpha level, thus reflecting that HIP/PAP accelerates liver regeneration. Second, we showed that 80% of the HIP/PAP-transgenic mice versus 25% of the control mice were protected against lethal acetaminophen-induced fulminate hepatitis. A single injection of recombinant HIP/PAP induced a similar cytoprotective effect, demonstrating the antiapoptotic effect of HIP/PAP. Comparison of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione reductase-like effects in control and transgenic liver mice indicated that HIP/PAP exerts an antioxidant activity and prevents reactive oxygen species-induced mitochondrial damage by acetaminophen overdose. In conclusion, the present data offer new insights into the biological functions of C-type lectins. In addition, HIP/PAP is a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of liver failure.
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PMID:HIP/PAP accelerates liver regeneration and protects against acetaminophen injury in mice. 1611 31


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