Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-one patients with autoimmune hepatitis have been studied for HLA association by conventional serology and also by modified polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) genotyping. HLA-DR4 was significantly associated with autoimmune hepatitis (46 of 51 patients, 90.2%). DNA typing of the DRB1 gene for 43 DR4-positive patients by using the PCR-RFLP technique revealed that of 43 patients, 33 had DRB1*0405 (Dw15), five had DRB1*0406 (DwKT2), four had DRB1*0403 (Dw13a), two had DRB1*0401 (Dw4), two of 43 had DRB1*0407 (Dw13b) and one had DRB1*0408 (Dw14b). Thus, there was no significant difference in Dw frequencies between DR4-positive patients and DR4-positive healthy subjects. These findings suggest that the DR4-specific sequence (Val 11 and His 13 at amino acid positions 11 and 13, respectively), but not particular Dw-associated DR4 sequence, in the first domain of the DRB1 chain contributes to susceptibility to autoimmune hepatitis among Japanese. Interestingly, all five of the DR4-negative patients had the DR2 specificity (DRB1*1502 or 1601). Taken together, these results imply that the basic amino acids at position 13, which is present only on the DR2 and DR4 B1 molecules (Arg on DR2 and His on DR4), are most important for determining the predisposition to autoimmune hepatitis.
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PMID:A possible association between basic amino acids of position 13 of DRB1 chains and autoimmune hepatitis. 135 Feb 67

To investigate the association between autoimmune hepatitis and HLA alleles in Japanese patients, serological typing and class II genotyping were performed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) method. Serological typing showed that HLA-B54, -DR4, -DR53, and -DQ4 were significantly more frequent in patients with autoimmune hepatitis than in controls. HLA-DR4 was most frequently associated with autoimmune hepatitis (88.7%). In PCR-RFLP typing, the frequency of DRB1*0405 was significantly higher in autoimmune hepatitis than in controls. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of Dw between the patients and the controls who were DR4-positive. The significant increase observed in DQA1*0301 and DQB1*0401 was explained by a linkage disequilibrium with DR4. Six DR4-negative patients had DR2, but there was no significant difference in the frequency of the DR2-associated Dw-alleles compared with the DR2-positive controls. No DPB1 allele was significantly associated with autoimmune hepatitis. These findings suggest that the basic amino acid at position 13, which is present only on the DR2 and DR4 B1 molecules (Arg on DR2 and His on DR4), contributes to the susceptibility to autoimmune hepatitis among the Japanese.
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PMID:HLA class II molecules and autoimmune hepatitis susceptibility in Japanese patients. 135 93

We describe a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had preceding evidence of post-transfusion, non-A, non-B hepatitis. The patient showed positive serological tests for anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody. The manifestations of RA, including progressive polyarthritis and positive serum rheumatoid factors, emerged after the ameriolation of hepatitis and persisted for more than 3 years, indicating that the polyarthritis in this patient was not the prodrome of the hepatitis. This patient had HLA-DR4 and HLA-Bw54 which are found to be strongly associated with RA in Japan. It is therefore suggested that HCV may trigger the development of RA especially in genetically susceptible individuals.
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PMID:Development of rheumatoid arthritis after chronic hepatitis caused by hepatitis C virus infection. 163 56

This study focused on 32 patients who were diagnosed as having autoimmune hepatitis based upon clinical and histological factors. Fifteen of these patients were positive for HCV-RNA and for one of the HCV-related markers tested, including anti-C100, ELISA II, and RIBA 2 (Group 2). The remaining 17 patients were negative for all HCV-related markers (Group 1). Clinical factors in the two groups, including the frequency of autoantibodies, serum levels of aminotransferase and gammaglobulin, HLA phenotypes, and the response to corticosteroid treatments, were compared. The titer of serum anti-nuclear antibodies and the level of serum aminotransferase at initial diagnosis were significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2. Furthermore, the genetic background of the two groups, as indicated by HLA phenotypes, differed. All cases in Group 1 were HLA-DR4-positive, whereas only 60% of those in Group 2 cases had HLA-DR4. Also, all cases in Group 1 but only 66.7% of the cases in Group 2 showed good clinical responses to corticosteroid treatment. Finally, no cases of HCV-related-marker-positive autoimmune hepatitis (Group 2) had antibodies for LKM, suggesting that these cases were clinically different from type II autoimmune hepatitis. These data indicated that immunosuppressive treatment might be the preferred initial treatment in patients who either satisfy the criteria for AIH or who are sero-positive for an HCV-marker.
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PMID:HCV-marker-positive autoimmune-type chronic active hepatitis: a possible relation between HCV infection and liver autoreaction. 752 9

Side effects of hepatitis vaccination are rare. Only a few cases of arthritis after hepatitis vaccination have been published. We report on three cases of vaccination-induced arthritis with different resulting disease. Two cases show the pattern of reactive arthritis. None of them was associated with HLA-B27. In the third case onset of rheumatoid arthritis was triggered by hepatitis vaccination. These three cases show that arthritis after hepatitis B vaccination probably is more common than reported so far, especially in a genetically predisposed subject (two of our patients expressed HLA-DR4).
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PMID:Arthritis after hepatitis B vaccination. Report of three cases. 786 81

The frequencies of HLA B54, DR4, DR53 and DQ4 were significantly higher in patients with autoimmune hepatitis than in healthy controls. HLA-DR4 was most frequently associated with autoimmune hepatitis. To define the HLA class II gene which has the susceptibility or resistance to autoimmune hepatitis, we performed HLA class II genotyping using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) method. The frequency of DRB1*0405 was significantly higher in autoimmune hepatitis than in controls. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of the DR4 associated Dw-allele between the patients and the controls who were DR4-positive. Six DR4-negative patients had DR2, but there was no significant difference in the frequency of the DR2-associated Dw-alleles compared with the DR2-positive controls. Comparison of the amino acid residues of DRB1 chain suggested that the basic amino acid at position 13, which is present only on the DR2 and DR4 B1 molecules (Arg on DR2 and His on DR4), contributes to the susceptibility to autoimmune hepatitis among Japanese.
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PMID:[Molecular biological analysis of HLA class II gene in autoimmune hepatitis among Japanese]. 809 52

The genetic background of autoimmune diseases becomes more and more evident. Immunogenetics comprises the analysis of genes and their products located at the region 6p21 on the short arm of chromosome 6, which is also known as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). MHC class I and II genes are highly polymorphic. The complement genes C2, C4A, C4B, and BF, which are also polymorphic, became known as MHC class III genes. In autoimmune hepatitis type 1, there is a dual association for white persons with either HLA-A1-B8-DR3 or HLA-DR4. In patients from Japan, autoimmune hepatitis type 1 is predominantly associated with HLA-DR4. This dual association is confirmed at the DNA level. Whereas only limited data are available for autoimmune hepatitis type 2, the association of primary biliary cirrhosis with HLA-DR8 is based on several studies. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with HLA-B8-DR3 and -DR52a. This association was confirmed at the DNA level because of a significant increase of the DRB3*0101 allele. For DRB3*0101-negative individuals, a second association with DRB5*0101 (= DR2) was described. Further analysis of the hypervariable region of the HLA class II molecule indicates that lysine at position 71 is crucial for autoimmune hepatitis type 1 in white persons, whereas position 13 is important for people from Japan. In contrast, leucine at position 35 is important for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, whereas leucine at position 38 is an important risk factor for primary sclerosing cholangitis. The MHC class III allele C4A-QO is significantly increased in autoimmune hepatitis type 1 and 2 and in primary biliary cirrhosis. Advances in immunogenetics will certainly increase our knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of immune-mediated liver diseases, which hopefully will lead to more specific therapeutic interventions.
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PMID:Immunogenetics of chronic liver diseases. 819 17

We investigated autoimmunity, as assessed by hypergammaglobulinemia and the presence of autoantibodies including anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-liver membrane antibodies (LMA), in 149 patients with chronic hepatitis C, 55 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 11 patients with autoimmune hepatitis. There was no significant difference in the incidence of these autoantibodies between chronic hepatitis C and chronic hepatitis B. Nine patients with chronic hepatitis C satisfied the serological criteria of autoimmune hepatitis (ANA positive and gammaglobulin or serum IgG greater than 2500 mg/dl), but none of the patients with chronic hepatitis B met the criteria. This suggests that autoimmunity is greater in chronic hepatitis C than in chronic hepatitis B. Of the 9 patients with chronic hepatitis C, all 4 patients tested for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotype had HLA-DR4, which is known to be associated with autoimmune hepatitis in Japanese patients. We believe that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection enhances the initiation and perpetuation of autoimmunity in susceptible individuals.
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PMID:Autoimmune responses as assessed by hypergammaglobulinemia and the presence of autoantibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis C. 827 54

We clarified the clinical and immunogenetical differences between patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AI-CAH), and patients with type C chronic active hepatitis (C-CAH) and type B chronic active hepatitis (B-CAH) who were positive for autoantibodies and hyperglobulinemia. While histories of blood transfusion, intravenous drug abuse and tattoo were seen frequently in patients with type C-CAH, they were rare in patients with AI-CAH. The severe subjective symptoms including anorexia, lethargy, icterus, high fever and extrahepatic manifestations, and severe abnormality of biochemical data were seen in AI-CAH predominantly. Ongoing or past infection of HCV was seen in only 14% of patients with AI-CAH. HLA-DR4 was the most frequently associated with AI-CAH (89%) and 6 DR4-negative patients were positive for DR2. HLA-DNA typing showed that there was no significant difference in the frequency of DR4-associated Dw-alleles between the patients and controls who were positive for DR4. These findings suggest that the basic amino acid at position 13, which is present only on the DR2 and DR4 B1 molecules (Arg on DR2 and His on DR4), may contribute to the susceptibility to autoimmune hepatitis of Japanese. Thus, we conclude that AI-CAH is a genetically restricted, disease, and different from C-CAH which is a viral infectious disease.
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PMID:Comparison of the clinical and immunogenetic features between patients with autoimmune hepatitis and patients with type C chronic active hepatitis. 848 32

An etiopathological link between hepatitis virus infection and autoimmune liver disease, in particular autoimmune hepatitis has been suggested. In some patients features of both viral and autoimmune disease are present. We have studied 352 patients with autoimmune liver disease and 507 patients with viral hepatitis for diagnostic characteristics as well as for evidence of an etiological connection. 38 of the 201 patients with hepatitis C (19%) and 42 of the 306 patients with hepatitis B (14%) had significant titres of autoantibodies (ANA, SMA or LKM). SLA autoantibodies were found exclusively in patients with autoimmune liver disease. LKM auto-antibody was found in only one of the 201 HCV patients. Evidence of past or present hepatitis B virus and past hepatitis A virus infection was most common in the hepatitis C virus patients and least common in autoimmune hepatitis. 28 of the 352 patients with autoimmune liver diseases tested positive in the second generation anti-HCV ELISA, but only five patients (two with autoimmune hepatitis, one with primary sclerosing cholangitis and two with primary biliary cirrhosis) were positive in confirmatory anti-HCV assays, and only in these could HCV-RNA be isolated. Autoimmune hepatitis patients had significantly higher transaminase, GLDH and IgG levels. HLA-B8, HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 were significantly more common in autoimmune hepatitis. Distinction between autoimmune liver disease and viral hepatitis C could be made reliably on clinical and laboratory grounds. Our data show that a link between hepatitis A, B, or C virus infection and autoimmune liver diseases is highly unlikely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Relation between autoimmune liver diseases and viral hepatitis: clinical and serological characteristics in 859 patients. 852 56


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