Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma levels of different amino acids were observed in 10 patients with severe hepatitis, 9 viral in origin and 1 toxic, over the course of the disease. There would appear to be a close relationship between the onset of encephalopathy and the appearance of a particular pattern in plasma amino acid equilibrium, characterised by a significant fall in the molar ratio existing between ramified amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine) and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine). The role of these disturbances in the physiopathology of the encephalopathy and their effects on the synthesis of normal neurotransmitters and the intracerebral accumulation of false neurotransmitters is discussed.
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PMID:[Variation of plasma amino acids in severe hepatitis with encephalopathy 10 cases]. 1 44

A mixture with essential and nonessential amino acids high in branched chain amino acids and low in aromatic amino acids (Fischer solution), and another synthetic mixture of branched chain amino acids containing 3 amino acids associated with the urea cycle (Hep-OU) were infused to control subjects and patients with severe hepatic disease. Alterations in serum aminograms, blood ammonia levels and electroencephalograms following the infusion were studied and compared with those obtained by a commercially available amino acid mixture. Short-term or continuous infusion of a commercially available amino acid solution to cirrhotic patients caused an increase in methionine, phenylalanine and tyrosine and a decrease in branched chain amino acids. These post-infusion results were similar to the patterns seen in hepatic encephalopathy. In cirrhotic patients, infusion of Fischer solution which contains small quantities of methionine and phenylalanine produced an increase in the concentrations of these 2 amino acids, probably because of impaired utilization by the injured liver. No marked alterations in serum aminograms, however, were observed in cirrhotic patients either immediately after, or 3 h after, the end of the Hep-OU infusion. Reduction of methionine, tyrosine and phenylalanine levels and elevation of the molar ratio of (valine + leucine + isoleucine)/(phenylalanine + tyrosine) were significant. The infusion of Hep-OU to patients with liver cirrhosis or subacute hepatitis resulted in clinical and neurological improvements and the restoration of the molar ratio of branched chain amino acids/aromatic amino acids.
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PMID:An approach to nutritional therapy of hepatic encephalopathy by normalization of deranged amino acid patterns in serum. 15 28

A case of tyrosinemia in a three-month-old boy is presented. The patient appeared jaundiced initially with markedly elevated levels of serum tyrosine and a positive Millon-reacting urine. Jaundice persisted and hepatosplenomegaly gradually increased. He died due to liver failure on the 51st day after admission. At autopsy, the liver showed the features of severe giant cell hepatitis including giant cell formation, fibrosis and bile retention. The pancreas and the brain showed characteristic postmortem findings as previously reported in patients with tyrosinemia.
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PMID:Tyrosinemia. 46 58

Encephalopathic patients with cirrhosis of the liver consistently showed elevated levels of the aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine, tyrosine and free tryptophan as well as methionine in serum, whereas levels of the branched chain amino acids, valine, leucine and isoleucine, were depressed. Comatose patients with fulminant hepatitis had markedly elevated levels of all amino acids, the results being greatly different from those of cirrhotic patients. Molar ratios of (valine + leucine + isoleucine)/(phenylalanine + tyrosine) decreased both in cirrhotics with and without encephalopathy and in cases with fulminant hepatitis. Infusion of a commercially available L-amino acid solution in a cirrhotic patient induced a strikingly abnormal aminogram documented in hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore, effects of branched chain amino acid infusion on the deranged amino acid pattern were primarily studied for the purpose of improvement in hepatic encephalopathy by normalization of serum amino acid patterns. Elevated levels of the aromatic amino acids and methionine could be apparently depressed in a cirrhotic patient by this type of infusion but not in a case of fulminant hepatitis probably because of the poor utilization of these amino acids in severely impaired liver.
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PMID:Serum amino acids in hepatic encephalopathy--effects of branched chain amino acid infusion on serum aminogram. 52 13

Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase activity was studied in liver tissue, obtained by biopsy from 5 patients with viral hepatitis and from 8 persons without parthological alterations of liver. The enzymatic activity was estimated by formation of 14C-tyrosine in presence and in absence of added cofactor 2-amine-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyltetrahydropteridine. Without addition of the cofactor the phenylalanine hydroxylase activity was of the same order of magnitude in liver tissue of the patients and of healthy persons. In presence of the cofactor the enzyme activity in liver of the patients with the hepatitis of moderate severity constituted 44% of the activity found in the control group. The rate of phenylalanine hydroxylation was 0.19 with 10-2 min-1 in patients with hepatitis and 0.5 with 10-2 min-1--in the control group. In severe and moderate forms of viral hepatitis the impairment of phenylalanine metabolism was due to decrease in the activity of phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase in liver tissue.
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PMID:[Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase activity in the liver in viral hepatitis]. 59 92

Previous work from this laboratory has suggested that the plasma amino acid pattern, known to be deranged in hepatic encephalopathy, may be related causally. In order to test this hypothesis, 23% dextrose and a special amino acid solution whose components were calculated to normalize the plasma amino acid pattern were infused in 11 patients, eight with chronic cirrhosis and acute exacerbation (Group 1) and three patients with fulminant hepatitis (Group 2), in amounts of up to 120 Gm. of protein equivalent per 24 hours. Plasma amino acids were abnormal but different in both groups. In Group 1 (cirrhosis) changes in plasma amino acid pattern including elevated phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamate, aspartate, and methionine and decreased valine, leucine, and isoleucine. In Group 2 all amino acids were elevated, with the exception of the branched chains which were normal. Hepatic encephalopathy improved in all patients in Group 1 and in one of three patients in Group 2 following the infusion. The ratio (see article) showed an excellent correlation with a grade of encephalopathy. When this ratio, previously 1.0 in the presence of encephalopathy, returned to the normal value near 3.0 to 3.5, encephalopathy improved. An excellent correlation was obtained between the ratio and the grade of encephalopathy and was dose related as well. The results suggest that different amino acid patterns in hepatic encephalopathy of differing etiologies require treatment modalities which may differ for the two types of encephalopathy. Whereas amino acid infusion appears to be a valuable, efficacious way of providing nutrition in treating hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and acute deterioration and coma, other means of therapy such as plasms "laundering" appear to be necessary in patients with fulminant hepatitis.
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PMID:The effect of normalization of plasma amino acids on hepatic encephalopathy in man. 81 29

Plasma amino acids were measured in 18 patients with hepatic encephalopathy on a protein-restricted diet of 20 g or less daily. Plasma aminograms tended to group into two distinct patterns depending on the etiology of the patients' hepatic pathology. Patients with chronic liver disease with superimposed acute insults, i.e., gastrointestinal bleeding, infection, alcoholic hepatitis, had elevated levels of the aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, as well as methionine, glutamate, and aspartate, whereas levels of the branched chain amino acids, valine, leucine, and isoleucine, were consistently depressed. Those patients with previously normal livers and acute hepatic necrosis, i.e., "fulminant hepatitis," had grossly elevated levels of all amino acids except the branched chain amino acids, which were normal. Elevations of amino acid levels in this patient group tended to correlate with extent of hepatic necrosis and hence had prognostic significance. Additionally, the different patterns seen in these two groups tend to suggest the indicated therapy as well as predict its efficacy.
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PMID:Plasma amino acid patterns in hepatic encephalopathy of differing etiology. 83 96

Many tests for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been developed and have proved useful for prevention of post-blood transfusion hepatitis C. However, there are at least 4 genotypes of HCV and the predominant type is different among countries. None of the tests using antigens from one genotype are sensitive in detecting the antibodies against another genotype. More sensitive tests using a more stable part of the HCV RNA sequences such as 5'-noncoding region must be developed for clinical use. Automated PCR methods and DNA sandwich hybridization methods using branched DNA amplification multimers may be candidates. Recently a hepatocyte growth factor test has been developed in Japan. Multicenter trials of this test reveal that it is useful for assessment of acute severe hepatitis. Tests for collagen type IV, fibronectin receptor, and prolyl hydroxylase have been reported useful for assessment of liver fibrosis. However, serum prolyl hydroxylase is prone to increase in response to hepatocellular damage as well as fibrotic processes. Enzymatic methods for determination of branched amino acids and tyrosine have been developed. The molar ratio of branched amino acids to tyrosine seems to have same pathophysiological meaning as the ratio of branched amino acids to aromatic amino acids (Fischer ratio) in assessment of liver cirrhosis. Lidocaine test is reported to be useful for predicting survival of transplanted liver and also assessing the function of the cirrhotic liver. Profiles of alpha-fetoprotein subfractions based on lectin-reactivity and galactosyl transferase II isoenzyme have been reported to be useful for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma but this remains to be proved.
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PMID:[Recent advances in laboratory tests for liver diseases]. 130 30

Antibodies present in the sera of a group of children with autoimmune hepatitis react with human cytochrome P450 IID6. cDNA constructions of various fragments of human P450 IID6 were made and expressed and the resulting peptides were tested in immunoblot with patients' sera. These allowed identification of at least two antigenic sites on the P450 molecule. The main one, recognized by all sera tested, is located between amino acids 239 and 271. Synthesis of three peptides covering this area of the molecule allowed identification of a sequence of three amino acids (tyrosine-tryptophane-asparagine) located at position 261-263 that constitutes the essential part of the epitope. A protein sequence data-base search revealed homologies between this region of human P450 and proteins from Salmonella typhimurium, from human T lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 and Herpes simplex virus type 1.
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PMID:Identification of the main epitope on human cytochrome P450 IID6 recognized by anti-liver kidney microsome antibody. 172 73

A molar ratio of free branched-chain amino acids to tyrosine (BTR) was determined in the plasma of patients with liver diseases using a new enzymatic method. In addition, clinical significance of BTR was studied by comparing particularly with that of Fischer's ratio (a molar ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids (tyrosine+phenylalanine], which was obtained by conventional HPLC (Amino acid autoanalyzer, Hitachi 835). Following results were obtained: 1) Enzymatically determined branched-chain amino acids and tyrosine showed significant correlations with respective results obtained by HPLC (r = 0.937, 0.972). 2) Significant correlation was also found between enzymatically determined BTR and Fischer's ratio obtained by HPLC. Changes of BTR in clinical courses were found to be in parallel with those of Fischer's ratio. 3) BTR as well as Fischer's ratio correlated significantly with ICG R15, KICG, prothrombin time (%) and serum albumin level. 4) BTRs in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis or with fulminant hepatitis were significantly lower than those in patients with acute or chronic hepatitis. In conclusion, new enzymatic assay of branched-chain amino acids and tyrosine as described here is quite simple method, and is also considered to be very useful parameter of the clinical conditions of patients with liver diseases, particularly representing the severity of liver diseases and the protein nutritional status.
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PMID:[Enzymatic determination of a molar ratio of free branched-chain amino acids to tyrosine (BTR) and its clinical significance in plasma of patients with various liver diseases]. 258 54


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