Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Normal platelets incubated with anti-actin autoantibodies (AAA) (from the serum of patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis) do not show binding of these antibodies as seen by indirect immunofluorescence. AAA serum does not inhibit thrombin-induced clot retraction, despite the binding of the antibodies to platelets in the clot. Similarly, AAA serum does not affect "reversible" or "irreversible" aggregation (induced by ADP, collagen or epinephrine), despite the binding of the antibodies to platelet actin under such circumstances. AAA also bind to platelets when aggregation is inhibited by EDTA. The incubation of "reversibly" aggregated platelet with AAA results in a small but definite binding of AAA to platelets. These findings suggest that during "irreversible" and/or "reversible" aggregation, changes take place at the surface of platelets which expose the antigen at the surface of the cell.
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PMID:Binding of anti-actin autoantibodies to platelets. 40 89

A separate computer print-out for Switzerland of the EDTA registry concerning all patients on dialysis or carrying a renal transplant has been analysed. Of a total number of 857 registered patients, 584 or 91 per million inhabitants were alive on 31 December 1973; 306 patients were on hospital hemodialysis, 68 on home hemodialysis and 2 on peritoneal dialysis. 353 patients had received 385 renal transplants, 208 of which were still functioning at the end of 1973. No major change was noted in cumulative survival rates of Swiss patients, who, as expected, showed lower survival with increasing age. Graft survival in a group of 148 first cadaver transplants with poor tissue match (2 or fewer HL-A identities) was better with 66+/-4% at one year than the 53+/-7% survival in the 63 grafts with at least 3 HL-A identities. The number of patients alive on home dialysis increased by 74% through 1973; one year survival equalled the European average at 93+/-4%. Rehabilitation was rather poor in dialysed patients, 21% of whom were reported to be working full time in the hospital-dialysed group and 42% in the home-dialysed group. Patients with functioning transplants, on the other hand, showed very satisfactory rehabilitation (75% working full time). Hepatitis among staff appeared be on the decrease, with only 9 cases in 1973 despite the fact that some 20% of dialysed and transplanted patients were still reported as hepatitis B antigen carriers. The number of new patients accepted for treatment in Switzerland has stabilized at 25-27 per million population per year since 1971. Average mortality was 15.3% in 1973. At the beginning of 1980 we can thus expect to be treating some 135 patients per million population with dialysis and renal transplantation.
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PMID:[Dialysis and kidney transplantation in Switzerland in 1973]. 76 67

The mechanism responsible for making the differences between plasma and serum complement (CH50) was studied on eight patients with hepatitis-B(s) antigen negative alcoholic liver cirrhosis. CH50 and C4 activities of the sera of all patients were equal to those of the corresponding EDTA-plasma, when sera wre separated after clotting the blood at 37 degrees C. CH50 and C4 activities of the sera, prepared at 21 degrees C or 4 degrees C, from four of eight patients were very low. When serum from one of these four patients was added to normal human serum, C4 activity of the serum mixture markedly decreased at 4 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C. The inactivation of C4 was prevented by adding EDTA or heparin to the serum mixture. These results indicated that very low complement in the sera, prepared at 21 degrees C or 4 degrees C, of the four cases were due to the cold activation of the classical complement pathway.
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PMID:The cold activation of the classical complement pathway: The cause of the differences between plasma and serum complement in liver cirrhosis. 84 48

We report a rare case who developed pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) and pseudothrombocytopenia associated with hepatitis. A 50-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of acute hepatitis A. On the 22nd hospital day, normocytic normochromic anemia without reticulocytosis was developed. A bone marrow aspirate revealed erythroid hypoplasia with a small percentage of proerythroblasts and basophilic erythroblasts, but almost complete absence of polychromatophilic and orthochromic erythroblasts. This case was diagnosed as PRCA characterized by the maturation arrest of erythropoiesis. Anemia was spontaneously recovered following marked reticulocytosis. Afterward, transient EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia developed for 3 months. The serum taken during the acute phase of clearly inhibited BFU-E colony formation. This data suggests that some humoral factor in the serum of this patient may be involved in the pathogenesis of PRCA.
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PMID:[Pure red cell aplasia and pseudothrombocytopenia associated with hepatitis A]. 190 78

Self-cleavage of a polyribonucleotide containing an autocleaving sequence from the genomic strand of hepatitis delta virus was enhanced by conditions that destabilized RNA structure. Self-cleavage of the transcripts used in this study required Mg2+ (or another divalent cation), and in the absence of denaturants, maximum cleavage was observed at very low Mg2+ concentrations (0.05-0.1 mM). However, at 37 degrees C and in the presence of 2-10 mM Mg2+ the rate of cleavage was increased as much as 50-fold with the addition of urea to 5 M or formamide to 10 M. Cleavage was prevented by higher concentrations of the same reagents (9.5 M urea or 22.5 M formamide), presumably because a structure required for self-cleavage is disrupted by strongly denaturing conditions. In contrast to a previous report [Wu, H.-N., & Lai, M. M. C. (1989) Science 243, 652-654], we find that chelating Mg2+ with EDTA terminates the cleavage reaction without promoting measurable amounts of ligation of the cleavage products. The ability of denaturants to promote rapid self-cleavage in vitro raises the possibility that an unidentified factor could have a similar effect in vivo.
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PMID:Self-cleavage of hepatitis delta virus genomic strand RNA is enhanced under partially denaturing conditions. 226 58

Factor IX is a vitamin K-dependent blood clotting zymogen that is functionally defective or absent in patients with hemophilia B. A method of immunoaffinity chromatography has been developed for a one-step high yield purification of factor IX directly from plasma. The technique utilizes conformation-specific antibodies that bind solely to the metal-stabilized factor IX conformer, but not to the conformer of factor IX found in the absence of metal ions. Anti-factor IX-Ca(II) antibodies were immobilized on an agarose matrix. Human plasma in the presence of 7.5 mM MgCl2 was applied to the antibody-agarose column. The factor IX that binds to these antibodies was specifically eluted by metal chelation with EDTA. This immunopurification resulted in a 10,000-fold one-step purification of the fully functional zymogen. Purified factor IX yielded a single band upon gel electrophoresis in Na-DodSO4 and had a specific activity of 120-150 units/mg. The purified factor IX was separated from other vitamin K-dependent blood clotting proteins and hepatitis virus; no activated factor IX was detected. This method has application for the large scale purification of factor IX for the treatment of hemophilia B.
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PMID:Immunoaffinity purification of factor IX (Christmas factor) by using conformation-specific antibodies directed against the factor IX-metal complex. 240 69

A 148-nucleotide subfragment of hepatitis delta virus RNA was shown to undergo cleavage and ligation reversibly. The direction of the reaction is determined by the presence or absence of Mg2+ ions, with the presence of Mg2+ favoring the cleavage reaction. Ligation requires specific conformation of the RNA molecules involved and occurs only between two cleaved RNA fragments that are still held together by hydrogen bonds. The ligation reaction occurs rapidly on removal of Mg2+ by EDTA. This represents a new class of RNA enzymes.
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PMID:Reversible cleavage and ligation of hepatitis delta virus RNA. 249 77

Spleen cells from uninfected control mice selectively lysed BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts infected with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a murine coronavirus. Lysis of infected cells occurred within 3 hr, and histocompatibility between effector and target cells was not required. This natural, cell-mediated, virus-associated cytotoxicity differed from NK cell- and T cell-mediated lysis. Spleen cells from animals infected with MHV were enriched in NK activity and were more cytotoxic to YAC-1 target cells, but did not show enhanced cytotoxicity for MHV-infected target cells. Spleen cells from beige mice, which are deficient in NK cell activity, were able to lyse MHV-infected target cells, as were spleen cells from nude mice, which are deficient in T cell activity. Lysis of MHV-infected target cells could be mediated by cells from the spleen and, to a lesser extent, by cells from the bone marrow, but not by resident peritoneal cells or thymocytes. We suggest the term "virus killer (VK) activity" for this phenomenon. VK activity of splenocytes from different mouse strains correlated with the ability of the splenocytes to bind purified radiolabeled MHV virions. MHV virions caused agglutination of spleen leukocytes from susceptible mouse strains, indicating that leukocyte agglutination or adsorption may provide a useful assay for coronaviruses such as MHV which lack hemagglutinating activity. SJL mouse splenocytes did not bind MHV and did not lyse infected targets. MHV bound relatively well to splenocytes of other mouse strains, but poorly to thymocytes and erythrocytes. Binding of MHV to leukocytes was not influenced by 6 mM EDTA or EGTA, indicating a lack of requirement for Mg++ or Ca++. VK activity was also resistant to EDTA and EGTA, in contrast to NK activity, which was sensitive to those chelating agents. VK activity was also unaffected by actinomycin D, cycloheximide, or puromycin, indicating that new protein synthesis was not required for lysis. Antibody to interferon-alpha/beta did not block lysis, nor was there substantially enhanced lysis mediated by leukocytes from mice infected with virus and thus exposed to high levels of interferon. VK activity was blocked by antibody directed against the peplomeric glycoprotein E2 of MHV. VK activity required infected target cells, because cells with adsorbed MHV virions were not lysed by splenocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Natural cytotoxicity against mouse hepatitis virus-infected target cells. I. Correlation of cytotoxicity with virus binding to leukocytes. 300 98

This paper summarises the information given on the 1985 EDTA Registry centre questionnaire which was returned by 82% of 1959 known dialysis and transplant units in 33 European countries. Trends in the use of different forms of renal replacement therapy are discussed, and attention drawn to the discrepancy between the EDTA centre and individual patient questionnaires as a source of demographic information on dialysis and transplantation. The results of special questions on dialyser re-use, dialysis equipment, AIDS, and hepatitis are presented, and information obtained from the special paediatric section of the centre questionnaire is also given.
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PMID:EDTA Registry Centre Survey, 1985. Report from the European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry. 312 48

An immunodiffusion system detecting an antigen showing immunological identity with international laboratory reference sera was developed by use of acute-phase and recovery sera from patients with transmission-proven non-A, non-B acute hepatitis. In other liver diseases the antigen was also present in a high proportion of patients and there were similar findings in conditions with high levels of circulating immune complexes in the serum. Fractionation of antigen-containing sera by column chromatography, polyethylene glycol treatment, and reduction and alkylation also suggested that immune complexes may be responsible for antigenic activity. The precipitation lines did not develop in the presence of 10 mmol/l EDTA or at a pH less than 8.0 and the reactant in "antibody" containing sera was shown not to be an immunoglobulin. Although the transmission of non-A, non-B hepatitis by blood and blood products shows that viral antigens are likely to be present in the circulation, this study shows that immune reactions apparently closely associated with the infection may be detecting immune complexes rather than specific viral components and emphasises the need for careful evaluation of the specificity of other reported serological tests for non-A, non-B hepatitis.
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PMID:Specificity of an immunoprecipitin test for non-A non-B hepatitis. 616 61


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