Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A three-year study has been conducted for prevention of infectious hepatitis with supplementation of table salt fortified with 15 ppm anhydrous sodium selenite to the general population of 20,847 persons in a township M.Z. at Qidong County, Jiangsu Province, China. The results showed that the incidence of virus hepatitis infection in the test township was significantly lower than that of controls provided with normal table salt. The incidence rate of infectious hepatitis in the treated township M.Z. was 1.20 and 4.52 per 1,000, whereas the average incidence in the 6 surrounding control townships was 2.96 and 10.48 per 1,000 in 1986 and 1987, respectively. The incidence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg+) was 13.2% vs 19.23% for males and 10.42% vs 12.24% for females in the supplemented vs nonsupplemented neighboring township, respectively. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that a low grain Se content is associated with a high regional incidence of hepatitis B virus infections.
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PMID:Chemoprevention trial of human hepatitis with selenium supplementation in China. 248 94

Homozygous inheritance of the Z-type mutant form of the alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) gene results in the most common form of alpha 1AT deficiency, a human hereditary disease associated with a high risk for the development of emphysema and an increased incidence of neonatal hepatitis. The alpha 1AT-synthesizing cells of individuals with the Z gene have normal alpha 1AT messenger RNA levels, but alpha 1AT secretion is markedly reduced secondary to accumulation of newly synthesized alpha 1AT in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Crystallographic analysis of alpha 1AT predicts that in normal alpha 1AT, a negatively charged Glu342 is adjacent to positively charged Lys290. Thus the Glu342----Lys342 Z mutation caused the loss of a normal salt bridge, resulting in the intracellular aggregation of the Z molecule. The prediction was made that a second mutation in the alpha 1AT genet that changed the positively charged Lys290 to a negatively charged Glu290 would correct the secretion defect. When the second mutation was added to the Z-type complementary DNA, the resulting gene directed the synthesis and secretion of amounts of alpha 1AT similar to that directed by the normal alpha 1AT complementary DNA in an in vitro eukaryotic expression system. This suggests the possibility that a human hereditary disease can be corrected by inserting an additional mutation in the same gene.
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PMID:Repair of the secretion defect in the Z form of alpha 1-antitrypsin by addition of a second mutation. 290 2

The membrane insertion of the E1 protein of a coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus A59, was studied in a wheat germ cell-free translation system. E1 is a transmembrane protein spanning the lipid bilayer several times. It is synthesized without a cleavable signal sequence, localized intracellularly, and not transported to the cell surface. It thus represents a model intracellular protein. We found that the synthesis of E1 is specifically and stably blocked by the addition of signal recognition particle to the wheat germ system. Subsequent addition of salt-extracted pancreatic microsomes resulted in the full release of this arrest as well as the completion and the correct membrane integration of E1. Such signal recognition particle-induced arrests failed to produce shorter peptides of a defined length. Addition of signal recognition particle to a synchronized translation at any time during the synthesis of about the first two thirds of E1 (150 amino acids) blocked further translation, suggesting that the most C-terminal of the three internal hydrophobic domains of E1 could function as its signal sequence.
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PMID:Signal recognition particle-dependent insertion of coronavirus E1, an intracellular membrane glycoprotein. 298 61

The main properties of the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) DNA polymerase have been studied and compared with those of the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and of the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) DNA polymerases. All 3 enzymes are active under high salt conditions in the presence of high magnesium concentration. DHBV DNA polymerase was found less sensitive to ethanol and to operate at higher optimal pH than the HBV and WHV DNA polymerases. Like the other two viral endogenous DNA polymerases, the DHBV enzyme was strongly inhibited by phosphonoformic acid but not by aphidicolin, sulfhydryl group blockers or phosphonoacetic acid. Inhibition of DHBV DNA polymerase by the triphosphate derivatives of several nucleoside analogs appeared similar to that reported for HBV or WHV endogenous polymerase. FIACTP was the most, and ACVTP the least effective inhibitor; BVdUTP was of intermediary potency; araCTP and araTTP had a greater inhibitory effect on DHBV DNA polymerase than HBV or WHV DNA polymerase. The similarities in the properties of DHBV and HBV DNA polymerase justify the use of the duck hepatitis B polymerase model for screening and evaluation of potentially active drugs against HBV infection.
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PMID:Main properties of duck hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase: comparison with the human and woodchuck hepatitis B virus DNA polymerases. 344 17

The efficacy of a chromatographic procedure based on hydrophobic interaction chromatography to remove non-A, non-B (NANB) infection from a concentrate of coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X (Preconativ, KabiVitrum AB) was evaluated in chimpanzees. For this purpose, NANB infective human plasma (H-strain) was deliberately added to a solution of Preconativ (45 IU factor IX:C/ml) to reach a titre of NANB virus of greater than or equal to 10(2) chimpanzee infectious doses (CID)/ml. The NANB-contaminated preparation was chromatographed on octanohydrazide-Sepharose 4B at a high salt concentration. Groups of 2 chimpanzees were each inoculated intravenously with 45 IU factor IX:C of Preconative before and after this virus adsorption chromatographic step. The experimental animals remained free of any serological and biochemical evidence of hepatitis during a 12-month follow-up period. One of the two control animals developed clear evidence of NANB hepatitis.
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PMID:Removal of non-A, non-B hepatitis virus from a concentrate of the coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. 392 77

1. Acute galactosamine (Gal) hepatitis was induced in rats drinking ad libitum either sodic bicarbonated water of Vichy Grande Grille (GG) or ordinary tap water (OH2). Two series of experiments were performed. 2. In the first series, Gal-induced hepatitis was moderate. Twenty four hours after IP Gal injection, GG treated rats had relative to OH2 treated rats a decrease of bile flow and BSP excretion, and an increase of serum transaminase and bilirubin. Seven days after Gal the liver had returned to normal except for an increase in biliary bilirubin and liver total lipids. 3. In the second series, Gal-induced hepatitis was severe. Twenty four hours after galactosamine administration, an increase in mortality after anesthesia was found in Gal/GG rats. An increase of liver size and total hepatic lipids was also observed, while bile secretion, BSP excretion, cyt P 450 and ARN decreased in Gal/GG rats. Steatosis and inflammatory reactions were more important in Gal/GG than in Gal/OH2 rats. Most parameters came back to their normal levels in two days in Gal/OH2 rats, while 7 days were generally necessary in Gal/GG treated animals. Hepatic DNA kept increasing in Gal/GG animals and was still higher after 7 days, maybe due to a greater inflammatory reaction in the liver, maybe following a stimulated hepatocyte regenerative response. 4. These results indicate that GG water is not an inoffensive salt solution.
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PMID:[Aggravation of acute galactosamine hepatitis by a sodic bicarbonated water in rats (author's transl)]. 626 Oct 45

The results of nonspecific immunotherapy with BCG vaccine in 98 cases of melanoma, breast cancer and other malignancies were used in evaluating the frequency and degree of side-effects and complications arising in cancer patients during this treatment. The procedure proved to be safe irrespective of patients' age. Prevention and treatment of side-effects such as fever, water-salt disorders, anorexia, interstitial hepatitis and promotion of tumor growth are discussed.
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PMID:[Treatment of the complications occurring in BCG vaccine immunotherapy of patients with malignant neoplasms]. 646 96

The authors report the case of a 51-year-old woman who developed cholestatic and cytolytic hepatitis after an overdose of sodium aurothiopropanol sulfonate 1.1 g, namely 300 mg gold metal. Liver biopsy demonstrated cholestasis, centrolobular steatosis and portal fibrosis. Electron microscopy showed abundant lipo-pigments in the hepatic and cellular cells, as well as myelinic bodies. Gold analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy showed a level of 22.76 micrograms per ml in the plasma and a level of 2.16 micrograms per g in the liver. Chelating agents increased the urinary gold excretion, but were without effect on the course of hepatitis. Dimercaptopropanol seemed to favor the occurrence of other gold salt side-effects and penicillamine increased the hepatic cytolysis. The patient recovered without sequelae.
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PMID:[Hepatitis secondary to a gold salt overdose]. 648 87

A single-step method is described for the isolation of a highly purified antithrombin III (AT III) concentrate at a recovery of over 30% using affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose (HS). The polyethylene glycol precipitation step frequently employed in the preparation of AT III concentrates for clinical use has been eliminated and purification is accomplished entirely by optimizing the salt concentration in the HS washing buffer to enhance the desorption of impurities prior to elution of AT III. Pasteurization of the AT III concentrate in the presence of 0.5 M sodium citrate to minimize the risk of hepatitis decreases the recovery by about 20% and induces changes in the patterns obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in heparinized agarose gel.
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PMID:A single-step method for the isolation of antithrombin III. 651 92

Neonatal hepatitis is a syndrome of unknown etiology occurring in children with viral liver disease, as well as children with unidentified disorders of bile salt synthesis and other poorly understood metabolic diseases. It is characterized by jaundice, giant cell hepatitis and rare liver failure necessitating liver transplantation. In the present investigation, the outcome of liver transplantation performed in 16 children with neonatal hepatitis at the investigators' institution was determined from 1 January 1989 to 31 December 1991. The results were compared to those obtained in 288 children transplanted for biliary atresia and 66 children transplanted for recognized metabolic liver disease. The children transplanted for neonatal hepatitis (4.1 +/- 1.3 years) and metabolic liver disease (5.8 +/- 0.6 years) were older than those transplanted for biliary atresia (3.3 +/- 0.2 years) (p < 0.01), but did not differ in terms of sex, ABO type, UNOS status or year in which the transplant procedure was performed. Interestingly, first allograft survival was equal in the children with neonatal hepatitis (74%) and those with metabolic liver disease (74%), but was greater than that for children transplanted for biliary atresia (68%) (p < 0.01). Despite this significant difference in first graft survival, no differences in 5-year survival were seen for the three groups (81% for neonatal hepatitis, 68% for biliary atresia and 79% for metabolic liver disease).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Liver transplantation for neonatal hepatitis as compared to the other two leading indications for liver transplantation in children. 769 24


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