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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Non-A, non-B of hepatitis (NANBH) may occur following blood transfusions or administration of blood products. The causative agent(s) is still not identified and the symptoms are usually mild. The only indication of infection may be increased serum alanine transferase levels. The incidence of posttransfusion NANBH has been reported as high as 4-12% in the US (average 7%) while in Sweden it is according to recent studies on the average 2%. An estimated 2-3% of Swedish blood donors are probably carriers of the NANBH agent(s). Of patients acquiring posttransfusion NANBH, 40-60% will develop chronic hepatitis which in 15-20% will progrediate to cirrhosis.
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PMID:Transfusion transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. 314 65

The long-term follow-up of 80 heart transplant patients (70 men, 10 women) from January 1982 to July 1985 who had received cyclosporine (CsA) showed a high incidence of mild to severe liver dysfunction. Fifty patients (62.5%) had long-lasting postoperative biological disturbances (alanine amino transferase greater than 2N and/or alkaline phosphatase greater than 1.5N for 3 months or more). Most patients were asymptomatic; eight were icteric, and one had arthralgia. The most common biological feature consisted of isolated elevation of ALAT (27 cases). Assessment of causes led to a definite etiology in 42 patients: 7 cardiac failure, 13 HBsAg-positive liver disease (26%) (chronic persistent hepatitis 8, chronic active hepatitis 2, subacute necrosis 2). Fourteen patients (28%) sustained non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis (chronic persistent hepatitis 5, chronic active hepatitis 1, cirrhosis 1), and 7 (14%) sustained a drug-related hepatitis. Liver biopsy and complete virus screening was contributive to the diagnosis in nearly all patients. Additionally, prolonged impairment of liver function tests occurred in 62% of heart transplant recipients, mostly during the first 6 postoperative months. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and NANB hepatitis accounted for 26% and 28% of the cases of liver dysfunction, respectively; drug-induced hepatitis may have been involved in 14% of the cases. Complete hepatitis virus screening should be performed before heart transplant and in any case of abnormal liver function posttransplantation. HBV vaccination prior to heart transplant is recommended in HBsAg- and HBcAb-negative candidates for heart replacement. Long-term follow-up of these patients is mandatory to assess the severity of these liver dysfunctions.
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PMID:Prevalence and causes of long-lasting hepatic dysfunction after heart transplantation: a series of 80 patients. 329 31

An immunofluorescence technique using antibodies against the Fc and Fab fragments of human IgG (IgGH) was used to study the absorption of proteins by the intestinal epithelial cells of rainbow trout after oral or anal administration. Cellular absorption of a high molecular weight protein, hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg), was also studied by using two monoclonal antibodies, one specific for the confirmation of the antigen (implying disulfide bridges), and the other that reacts with the constituent polypeptides. Both absorbed IgGH and HBsAg were seen to be segregated in the apical vacuolar system, a characteristic feature of intestinal epithelial cells. The same antibodies were used with an everted sac technique in conjunction with immunofluorescence, to show the intravacuolar degradation of IgGH and HBsAg following absorption. By using an antibody against cathepsin D, it was possible to demonstrate, by immunofluorescence, the localization of this enzyme in the same vacuolar system. After coupling the antibody to peroxidase or to the protein A/colloidalgold complex, the ultrastructural antigenic sites of cathepsin D could be seen to be localized in the interior of the vacuoles. The vacuolar localization of a cathepsin B activity was determined by incubating sections of intestinal mucosa, or isolated epithelial cells, with a specific synthetic substrate (Z-Ala-Arg-Arg-methoxynaphthylamide). The supranuclear hyaloplasmic vacuoles of intestinal epithelial cells may be considered to be phagolysosomes that assure the degradation of absorbed proteins. This function may be of fundamental importance in the in the nutritional processes of this species.
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PMID:Immunological demonstration of intestinal absorption and digestion of protein macromolecules in the trout (Salmo gairdneri). 352 26

Changes in biochemical and electroencephalographic parameters were followed over time during the development of acute hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in two different experimental models. In the rat, (sub)acute liver failure was obtained either by ligation of the hepatic artery in previously portacaval-shunted animals or by intraperitoneal injection of a high dose of galactosamine (GALN). The EEG changes were characterized in both models by a significant increase in low-frequency activity of the EEG power density spectra: the so-called 'left shift'. This 'left shift' was significant in liver ischemia after 4-5 h and in GALN hepatitis after about 30 h. The changes in plasma biochemical indices also showed a great similarity in both models. The concentration of all measured plasma amino acids (except histidine and arginine in GALN hepatitis and arginine in liver ischemia), NH3 and ALAT were significantly increased during the development of (sub)acute HE. Correlation of the combined data of electroencephalographic and biochemical indices showed a significant (P less than 0.01) correlation between the 'left shift' and NH3, taurine, threonine, proline, alanine, methionine, cystathionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, ornithine and histidine. It is concluded that EEG spectral analysis is a useful parameter for following the development of (sub)acute hepatic encephalopathy in relation to biochemical parameters.
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PMID:Correlation between electroencephalographic and biochemical indices in acute hepatic encephalopathy in rats. 359 63

Increased alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST) serum levels are usually considered expressions of cellular necrosis, especially in hepatocytes. They represent cellular damage due to burn which, according to many authors, becomes normal before discharge of patients. We studied 43 consecutive burned patients, both during and after recovery, from a minimum of 120 to a maximum of 640 days, and an average of 18.62 blood samples were taken from each patient. Hepatitis A and B markers were tested. Results showed a 67.44% increase in aminotransferases in patients during recovery and a 25.58% increase after discharge. No neopositivity was observed for hepatitis A and B markers. We therefore conclude that the increase of enzymes during recovery expresses a toxic-infective phase and this increase, contrary to what was believed, does not always drop to normal values at time of discharge. Instead, after discharge, higher values can be a manifestation of a Non-A Non-B hepatitis.
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PMID:Alanine and aspartate aminotransferase serum levels in burned patients: a long-term study. 361 54

In 16 healthy volunteers and in 39 patients with liver diseases (fatty liver, chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis) a simplified aminopyrine breath test (ABT) was carried out using a "tracer" dose of 3 mg (111 kBq) 14C-aminopyrine. The exhaled 14CO2 measured 1 h after intake amounted to values between 771 and 1337 DPM/mmol CO2/70 kg body weight in healthy controls. The amount of exhaled 14CO2 decreased in the order: fatty liver greater than chronic, active hepatitis greater than active, compensated cirrhosis greater than active, decompensated cirrhosis. Between the values of ABT and various conventional laboratory liver tests (alanine-aminotransferase, alanine-aminopeptidase, aspartate-aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, total serum bilirubin) significant correlations were found (r = 0.6019 to 0.7765, n = 55; p less than 0.001). The proposed modification of the breath test is of advantage in that it requires a very low dose of aminopyrine and is easily practicable.
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PMID:A simple method for routine determination of the metabolic liver capacity: the aminopyrine breath test. 392 2

The subcellular localization of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.44 L-Alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase) of adult human liver was examined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The enzyme sedimented at the same density as catalase, indicating that it was localized in the peroxisomes. Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase activity in the liver of patients with cirrhosis was about 65% of that of normal liver or 71% of that from patients with chronic hepatitis, but its activity in the serum of patients with cirrhosis was higher than that from patients with chronic hepatitis. Patterns of activity of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase in liver and serum differed from those of aspartate-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase that have a different intracellular location. Serum immunoreactive alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (Im-AGT) was measured by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA). The Im-AGT levels (mean +/- SEM) in acute (80 +/- 13 micrograms/L) and chronic (72 +/- 4 micrograms/L) hepatitis were higher than those of normal controls (44 +/- 1 micrograms/L). However, the difference between acute and chronic hepatitis was not statistically significant. The level in liver cirrhosis (54 +/- 3 micrograms/L) was lower than those of the hepatitides but higher than that of normal controls. The apparent half-life of serum Im-AGT of patients who underwent liver lobectomy by a microwave tissue coagulation method was approximately 3-4 days.
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PMID:Peroxisome localized human hepatic alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase and its application to clinical diagnosis. 405 44

Liver function tests and immunoglobulin features of apparently 'healthy' blood donors were studied. Twenty-one (9.5%) subjects with HBsAg were observed. These subjects were found to have significantly higher mean and standard deviation of total serum bilirubin, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase levels than those of a randomly selected HBsAg-negative group. Serum urea was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in the HBsAg-positive cases. Total serum IgE (IU/ml) was significantly higher in the HBsAg-positive cases (p less than 0.01). Comparison of laboratory findings of these cases and active hepatitis HBsAg-positive subjects showed that there were more elevated abnormalities in the latter.
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PMID:Biochemical studies of apparently 'healthy' blood donors with reference to liver function tests and immunoglobulins. 408 21

1. In confirmation of previous work, administration of d(+)-galactosamine (0.5-0.75g/kg body wt.) to rats caused a hepatitis with histological evidence of liver damage and a 9-fold rise in aspartate aminotransferase activity in serum. 2. There was a significant elevation of blood lactate and pyruvate concentrations in 24h-starved rats treated with galactosamine but no change in the [lactate]/[pyruvate] ratio. 3-Hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate concentrations in blood were decreased. 3. The changes in the concentrations of lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies in the freeze-clamped liver were parallel to those observed in the blood. 4. In the livers of 24h-starved galactosamine-treated rats there were large increases in the concentrations of alanine (3-fold), citrate (5-fold), 2-oxoglutarate (4-fold), with smaller increases in malate, glutamate and aspartate. There was a 4-fold rise in the value of the mass-action ratio of the alanine aminotransferase system in the livers of galactosamine-treated rats when compared to controls. 5. There was a significant decrease in the activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases in the cytoplasm and the soluble fraction of sonicated homogenates of the livers of rats treated with galactosamine. The activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase was decreased by 75% of the control value. 6. Glucose synthesis from lactate in perfused livers from galactosamine-treated rats was inhibited 39% when compared with controls. 7. The results indicate that the conversion of lactate into glucose is decreased in the livers of galactosamine-treated rats and that this decrease may be due to the loss of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from damaged hepatocytes.
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PMID:Metabolic studies in experimental liver disease resulting from D(+)-galactosamine administration. 465 44

Acute and convalescent sera from 368 patients drawn from a 3-year survey of viral hepatitis in West London were tested for radioimmunoassay for evidence of recent infection with hepatitis A or B and, if neither was found, antibody to Epstein-Barr (EB) virus and cytomegalovirus. In 215 patients (58%) there was evidence of hepatitis A, in 98 (27%) hepatitis B, and in 5 both A and B. 2 patients with evidence of recent EB virus infection were excluded, leaving 48 (13%) attributed to non-A, non-B hepatitis. This illness was milder than hepatitis B as judged by duration of jaundice and peak serum bilirubin alanine-aminotransferase levels. The ratio of men to women was 1.4 to 1, but there was an excess of women in their twenties, most of whom were single. Only one had received blood, and none was a drug addict.
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PMID:Non-A, non-B hepatitis in West London. 611 94


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