Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship between 2', 5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5AS) and HLA class I antigen in the hepatocyte of patients with type B or type C chronic hepatitis with and without interferon (IFN) therapy was investigated. The expression of HLA class I antigen of hepatocytes of biopsied specimen and PBL HLA class I antigen expression showed relevancy. Then, the HLA antigen expression of peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) and the 2-5AS activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) were analyzed. In patients with type B or type C hepatitis, the mean activity of PBMC 2-5AS was significantly higher than that of healthy controls. Also the HLA class I antigen expression of PBL was significantly intense in patients with type B or type C hepatitis compared with healthy controls. In the acute exacerbated phase of type B chronic hepatitis, the HLA class I antigen expression of PBL and 2-5AS activity of PBMC increased along with elevation of serum GPT and then decreased with the remission of serum GPT. These results suggest that endogenously produced IFN leads the lysis of hepatocyte infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) by cytotoxic T cells, and the restriction of HBV replication by activation of the 2-5A system simultaneously, and then leads the elimination of HBV. The activity of PBMC 2-5AS and the expression of PBL HLA class I antigen increased significantly during IFN therapy. In type B chronic hepatitis, the effective cases showed relatively high activity of serum 2-5AS compared with the non-effective cases. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in PBL HLA class I antigen expression between effective cases and non-effective cases. In type C chronic hepatitis, most patients with type III and type IV HCV genotype showed disappearance of HCV-RNA regardless of serum 2-5AS activity. In patients with type II HCV genotype, the serum 2-5AS activity was related to the anti-viral effect of IFN therapy.
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PMID:[Mechanisms of the effect of interferon (IFN) therapy in patients with type B and C chronic hepatitis]. 768 26

The effects of PGE1.CD on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced acute liver damage with intravascular coagulation in rats were biochemically and histopathologically investigated. PGE1.CD was administered i.v. from 30 min before to 24 hr after DMN-intoxication (pretreatment) and from 30 min after or from 4 hr after to 24 hr after DMN-intoxication (post-treatment). Pretreatment with PGE1.CD (0.2-2 micrograms/kg/min) dose-dependently suppressed the decrease of platelet counts and the elevation of blood biochemical parameters (PT, HPT, GOT, GPT, LDH, LAP, T-Bil) caused by DMN-intoxication. PGE1.CD (0.5 microgram/kg/min and over) significantly suppressed the DMN-induced histopathological changes (occurrence of hemorrhage and necrosis). Post-treatment with PGE1.CD (2 micrograms/kg/min) also suppressed the liver damage. Furthermore, pretreatment with PGE1.CD (2 micrograms/kg/min) not only suppressed the disruption of hepatocytes, but also prevented the damages of sinusoidal endothelial cells and lysosomal membrane, and it reduced the increase of lipid peroxidation. PGE1.CD (1 microgram/kg/min and over) significantly suppressed the decrease of hepatic tissue blood flow caused by DMN-intoxication. These results demonstrate that PGE1.CD has therapeutically efficacy against DMN-induced acute liver damage in rats; Therefore, it will be clinically useful for the treatment of severe hepatitis such as fulminant hepatitis with intravascular coagulation in the sinusoid.
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PMID:[Inhibitory effects of prostaglandin E1.alpha-cyclodextrin (PGE1.CD) on dimethylnitrosamine-induced acute liver damage in rats]. 777 59

A 48-year-old woman with type II diabetes developed fatigue, arthralgia and myalgia. A few weeks later she was found to have hepatomegaly. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was raised (53/93 mm), as were liver enzyme activities (GOT 186 U/l; GPT 240 U/l; gamma-GT 199 U/l), the gamma-globulin levels (40.7%;IgG 4470 mg/dl, IgA 698 mg/dl, IgM 245 mg/dl), antinuclear antibodies and antibodies against double-strand DNA, smooth muscles and actin. Laparoscopy revealed small-nodular liver cirrhosis. The autoimmune hepatitis was treated with prednisolone (initially 60 mg daily, then reduced to 10 mg daily) and azathioprine (initially 100 mg daily, reduced to 50 mg daily). The symptoms markedly improved. But one year later, during follow-up examination, gastric polyps were found, excised and histologically found to be carcinoid. The gastrin level was raised to 765 pg/ml. Another year later the liver cirrhosis had advanced further and the type A gastritis was still present, but there was no sign of carcinoid recurrence.
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PMID:[Autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune gastritis, hypergastrinemia and stomach carcinoid]. 788 17

The blood levels of soluble CD8 (sCD8) and soluble CD4 (sCD4) were measured in patients with various liver diseases, and their significance was studied. The levels of sCD8 were significantly higher in patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), acute hepatitis (AH), fulminant hepatitis (FH) and liver cirrhosis (LC) as compared with the normal controls (NC), and correlated positively with those of GPT (r = 0.67, p < 0.001). In addition, a comparison of the exacerbation of CAH with remission showed that the sCD8 levels were significantly higher in the former. On the other hand, there was no significant rise in the level of sCD4 in patients with any liver disease, except FH, no definite relationship between sCD4 and sGPT, and no consistant tendency in sCD4 levels between exacerbation and remission. The reason for an insignificant elevation of the sCD4 level is the fact that in hepatitis the CD8-positive cells, which are cytotoxic T cells, are directly involved in hepatocyte damage; therefore the CD8-positive cells are predominantly activated, while the activity of the CD4-positive cells is considered to be lower. Instead of determining the number of CD4-positive cells and CD8-positive cells in the mononuclear cells of peripheral blood, serum sCD4 and sCD8 levels can be measured simply and inexpensively. Thus, these levels may be useful immune markers.
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PMID:Serum levels of soluble CD4 and CD8 in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. 795 75

Gentiopicroside (GPS), a main bitter secoiridoid constituent of roots of Gentiana macrophylla Pall., was tested for therapeutic effects on the two hepatic injury models, the CCl4-induced and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-induced hepatitides. An increase in serum level of hepatic aminotransferases (GOT: EC 2.6.1.1. and GPT: EC 2.6.1.2.) induced by a p.o. treatment of CCl4 was suppressed by pretreatment with GPS at 30-60 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days. An increase of these enzymes triggered by an i.v. treatment with LPS in mice primed with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was also inhibited by GPS pretreatment at the same dose of GPS. In the BCG/LPS model, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a major inflammatory mediator, was increased in serum with a peak at 90-120 min, followed by an increase of serum transaminase activities. GPS treatment significantly suppressed the increase of TNF in serum at the therapeutic doses, suggesting that GPS protected against hepatitis by inhibiting the production of TNF.
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PMID:Suppression of chemically and immunologically induced hepatic injuries by gentiopicroside in mice. 799 67

We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA in serum samples obtained from 19 patients with leukaemia or severe aplastic anaemia and investigated the correlation between HCV status and the results of liver function tests after bone marrow transplantation. PCR analysis of serum samples obtained before transplant showed that 10 of 18 patients were HCV-RNA-positive; 5 of these patients had developed acute post-transfusion hepatitis 1-11 months before transplant. An additional patient was HCV-RNA-positive on post-transplant day 62. Eight HCV-RNA-positive patients had pre-transplant GPT levels above the upper limit of normal. In these patients the GPT decreased significantly from a median of 104 IU/l (54-822 IU/l) pre-transplant to 23 IU/l (15-56 IU/l) on post-transplant days 8-12. In 9 of 11 HCV-RNA-positive patients, the GPT increased transiently from days 40 to 50 and again increased after day 100. Two of these patients died from hepatic failure; the GPT levels normalised in 3 patients after day 300 but continued to fluctuate in 4 patients. In the remaining 2 HCV-RNA-positive patients, the GPT remained close to the normal range throughout the follow-up period. Three HCV-RNA-positive patients became HCV-RNA-negative after 1-3 years. In these patients, the GPT remained normal for > 3 years after day 300.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Liver function tests of recipients with hepatitis C virus infection after bone marrow transplantation. 801 65

The patient was a 25-year-old male doctor, who had pricked his finger with a needle contaminated with blood from a 69-year-old male patient with liver cirrhosis (HCV-Ab positive, genotype II). He was informed from the blood bank that his blood was positive for anti-HCV and his GPT being 148 IU/l on the 65th day after exposure. He was admitted on February 16, 1993 and received a liver biopsy, which was consistent with acute viral hepatitis. His genotype was the same (type II) with the donor patient. IFN-alpha-2b of total doses of 656 Megaunits resolved the hepatitis completely and the HCV-RNA became negative as early as two weeks after starting IFN therapy. Liver biopsy after IFN therapy showed convalescence of acute hepatitis. The progression of acute hepatitis C to chronicity could be prevented by interferon therapy even in unfortunate cases of HCV transmission by needlestick. In conclusion, accidental needlestick should be followed for at least six months, and serum GPT and second-generation anti-HCV ELISA tests are recommended for all infected personnel.
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PMID:[A case of needlestick-induced acute type C hepatitis]. 805 46

We report a case of sporadic acute type A hepatitis associated with acute renal failure, due to mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis and interstitial nephritis. A 42 year-old-man was admitted to Mitsui Memorial Hospital because of jaundice and oliguria with fever in February, 1989. His serum creatinine was 12.2 mg/dl, BUN 87 mg/dl, GOT 57 U/l and GPT 358 U/l. The serum IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus was positive, which indicated recent infection with hepatitis A virus. Hemodialysis and steroidal therapy were started, and the patient's acute renal failure and liver dysfunction ameliorated within one month. Light microscopic examinations showed an increased number of mesangial cells and an increased amount of mesangial matrix, and also showed inflammatory cell invasion in the interstitium. Electron microscopic examinations showed proliferation of mesangial cells and matrix, and a dense deposit along the basement membrane. On immunofluoresent studies, fine granular deposits of IgA and Clq were observed in the mesangium.
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PMID:[A case of sporadic acute type A hepatitis associated with acute renal failure]. 807 27

Glucocorticoids are used in patients with liver diseases in the following cases: The major indication for glucocorticoids in liver disease is autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Although prednisone at 30 to 60 mg/day is widely used throughout the world, the usual starting dose in Japan is 15 to 20 mg/day with the maintenance dose adequate at 5 to 10 mg/day since AIH in Japan is usually mild with few severe cases and since the weight of Japanese patients is generally lighter. Another indication is in chronic hepatitis B as corticosteroid withdrawal therapy. Prednisone at 30 to 40 mg/day is administered for three weeks and then withdrawn. If the administration of prednisone increases the level of HBV, the withdrawal of prednisone elevates GPT and reduces HBV. Other indications include primary biliary cirrhosis and fulminant hepatitis but only in limited situations.
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PMID:[Synthetic glucocorticoid therapy in liver diseases]. 816 73

Rubella was accompanied by hepatic dysfunction in a 28-year-old male. Serum aminotransferase levels were moderately elevated and LDH markedly increased, especially LDH isoenzyme 5, whereas total bilirubin and ALP remained almost normal. GOT, GPT and LDH levels were completely normalized by the 21st hospital day. Paired antibody titers of viruses which may cause hepatitis, other than rubella, were of no significance. Laparoscopy showed enlarged, red liver. Histologic and electron microscopic findings of the liver were consistent with acute hepatitis. Hepatic damage with rubella is rare, and it is possible that the hepatic dysfunction seen in adult rubella may be mediated by an immunopathologic mechanism.
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PMID:Hepatitis in an adult with rubella. 828 39


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