Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ingestion of unripe ackee fruit (Blighia sapida) is responsible for lethal epidemic encephalopathy in West Africa and the Caribbean. The treatment of ackee poisoning remains empirical and lethality was 100% in a recent epidemic in Burkina Faso. Because ackee poisoning has certain biochemical similarities to ifosfamide encephalopathy, we evaluated the efficacy of methylene blue (MB) and glucose (G), alone and in combination (MB+G) in mice, as a treatment for ackee poisoning. MB administration showed some efficacy towards early mortality (P=0.07) but not to late mortality. No deaths were observed when 8 mg/kg MB was administrated within 1h of the ackee poisoning. The treatment was ineffective if given 6h or later after poisoning. Survival in G and G+MB groups was higher than in MB group (75% and 25% respectively) (P=0.008, R=2.0, 1.14<RR<3.52). Neither hepatitis nor the development of hepatic cirrhosis was observed in animals from any groups. Glucose was more effective than MB and elicited the same survival as MB in conditions of early treatment. MB must be given in multiple doses and the first administration should be performed early, at least within 3 h of poisoning, which may decrease the practical value of MB in the field. In conclusion, considering the high lethality of the ackee apple intoxication, the total absence of any existing treatment and the safety of glucose administration, we recommend at this stage to use early sugar or glucose administration in the field, in addition to a specific population-based prevention programme.
 ...
PMID:Early glucose and methylene blue are effective against unripe ackee apple (Blighia sapida) poisoning in mice. 1504 27

The aim of the present study was to determine the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and diabetes mellitus (DM) frequencies in lichen planus (LP) cases in our region. We performed a retrospective review of records from all cases that were diagnosed with LP at the our department between 1997 and 2002. The results were compared with the control group (any type of dermatosis other than LP). The 260 LP cases included 108 (41.5%) males and 152 (58.5%) females aged between 5 and 78 years. The clinical distribution of the lesions were 127 (48.8%) with skin lesions and 133 (51.2%) with oral mucosal lesions. The duration of disease ranged from 1 to 240 months. In 140 of 260 LP cases, hepatitis serology and pre-prandial blood glucose were examined. We found HBV positivity in 24 (17.1%) cases, Anti-HCV positivity in 7 (5%) cases, and DM in 22 (15.7%) cases. The control group included 116 (41.4%) males and 164 (58.6%) females. Their ages ranged between 10 and 82 years. In this group, we found HBV positivity in 20 (7.1%), Anti-HCV positivity in 4 (1.4%), and DM in 20 (7.1%) cases. We believe that the co-association of LP with HCV is significant and this co-association ratio indicates variance depending on clinical attributes of the lesions and racial characteristics of the patients. Although we found co-associations between HBV and LP or DM and LP, we believe that further studies are necessary to determine if they are significant.
 ...
PMID:Diabetes and hepatitis frequency in 140 lichen planus cases in Cukurova region. 1518 24

In spite of indisputable benefits, the use of antiretroviral therapy is associated with multiple metabolic complications. Switching to simpler regimens might maintain viral suppression, improve metabolic side effects, and provide insight into the pathogenesis of these complications. Our objective was to carefully characterize the virological and metabolic effects of switching from a successful protease inhibitor (PI)-based antiretroviral regimen to a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimen with nevirapine (NVP). Forty patients, taking their first successful (less than 40 HIV RNA copies/ml) PI-based regimen, switched their PI to NVP. If patients did not tolerate NVP, substitution with efavirenz was allowed. The duration of the study was 48 weeks. At 12 weeks intervals subjects had multiple virological and metabolic parameters including glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, proinsulin, blood lipids, and lipoproteins. A subgroup of 18 patients also had body composition evaluations with DEXA scans and MRIs of the abdomen and the thighs as well as insulin tolerance tests. Ninety-five percent of the patients maintained viral suppression (95% CI 88-100%); only one patient failed and another developed hepatitis. There were improvements in glucose (decreased fasting glucose, insulin, and improved insulin tolerance) and lipid metabolism (decreased triglycerides and increased HDL), but no changes in body composition and bone mineral density. Our study supports a pathogenic role for PIs in the development of hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance, but a more limited role in the fat redistribution syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of the virological and metabolic effects of switching protease inhibitor combination antiretroviral therapy to nevirapine-based therapy for the treatment of HIV infection. 1524 34

We experienced a case of anorexia nervosa (AN) associated with refeeding syndrome (RS). The patient was a 24-year-old woman who was taken to the hospital emergency room in a hypoglycemic coma as a result of aggravated emaciation due to AN. On the admission day, she had severe emaciation (BW, 27kg; BMI, 11.4), malnutritional hepatitis, bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia and hypophosphatemia. After she was intravenously administered glucose, her level of consciousness rapidly improved. On the 7th day, we started intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH). On the 13th day, she developed delirium. Because the delirium appeared after administration of IVH, we diagnosed her with RS. An EEG study disclosed frequent high-amplitude generalized slow waves. SPECT (99mTc ethyl cysteinate dimer) showed a bilateral decrease in the average blood flow. Regional blood flow was decreased bilaterally in the frontal and temporal lobes, and in the thalamus. After she recovered from the delirium and her state of nutrition improved, follow-up EEG and SPECT studies showed a decreased frequency of generalized slow waves and improved blood flow, respectively. Her serum values of P, K, and Mg had been within the normal ranges in the course of the delirium. Thus, before giving more calories to a severely malnourished patient, a physician should consider the possibility that RS will occur, even when serum electrolytes are within the normal ranges.
 ...
PMID:[A case of anorexia nervosa associated with delirium because of refeeding syndrome]. 1570 May 34

The aim of this study was to evaluate the success of steroid (PRED) withdrawal due to replacement by mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Thirty patients with AIH > 12 months after OLT randomized to receive either PRED and tacrolimus (TAC) or MMF and TAC were followed for 24 months. Withdrawal of steroids showed no difference regarding graft and patient survival. Also we demonstrated significantly lower glucose levels with lower HbA1c and a reduced need for insulin as well as a significantly lower serum cholesterol in the MMF group. Patients without steroids showed a lower incidence of osteopenia. Maintenance therapy in OLT patients with AIH may be performed safely using MMF instead of prednisone.
 ...
PMID:Withdrawal of steroids: a randomized prospective study of prednisone and tacrolimus versus mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients with autoimmune hepatitis. 1591 34

We investigated the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and plasma adiponectin levels and insulin resistance. We recruited study subjects among one hundred and eighty one persons who were examined abdominal ultrasound at routine screening tests. A standard interview (consumption of alcohol and medical history), physical examination (height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure), and biochemical study (lipid parameters, aminotransferases, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and plasma adiponectin) were performed. Subjects who consumed alcohol more than moderate, evidence of viral hepatitis, toxic hepatitis, and serious cardiac, renal, or hepatic disease were excluded. Thirty-eight NAFLD patients and 53 control subjects diagnosed by ultrasound were finally analyzed. The plasma adiponectin level was significantly correlated with HDL-cholesterol (r=0. 38, p<0.001), triglycerides (r=-0.22, p=0.04), fasting insulin (r=-0.37, p<0.01), and insulin resistance by homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMAIR) (r=-0.39, p<0.01), after adjusting for age, sex, and adiposity. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that HOMA-IR was a significant predictor of having NAFLD (odds ratio [OR]=2.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52-5.74), while adiponectin had a protective effect against NAFLD (OR=0.22; 95% CI: 0.09-0.55). We demonstrated that hypoadiponectinemia and insulin resistance are associated with NAFLD independent of obesity.
 ...
PMID:Hypoadiponectinemia and insulin resistance are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 1595 63

A retrospective cohort study involving 29 Japanese patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) was performed to clarify factors that predict the efficacy of prednisolone and the occurrence of various serious adverse effects. Independent predictors were identified by logistic analysis and with use of the Cox proportional hazard model. Responses to prednisolone were noted in 28 patients, who were classified into the complete remission group (52%) or the relapse group (48%). Multivariate analysis identified alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and immoglobulin G levels as independent predictors of relapse. The adverse effects most frequently observed were diabetes mellitus (37.9%), psychiatric/ neurologic symptoms (34.5%), and circulatory symptoms (34.5%). Predictive factors included lactate dehydrogenase, albumin, and fasting blood glucose levels for diabetes mellitus, alkaline phosphatase and C-reactive protein for psychiatric/ neurologic symptoms, and autoimmune hepatitis score and lactate dehydrogenase for circulatory symptoms. Selection of an optimal treatment method for individual patients may be possible after the risks of relapse and adverse effects have been estimated.
 ...
PMID:Efficacy and safety of prednisolone in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. 1664 9

This study aimed to elucidate the relationship of type 2 diabetes, other known risk factors, and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in countries with a high prevalence of hepatitis infection. We followed a prospective cohort of 54,979 subjects who participated in the Keelung Community-Based Integrated Screening program between 1999 and 2002. A total of 5,732 subjects with type 2 diabetes cases were identified at enrollment on the basis of fasting blood glucose level, and a total of 138 confirmed HCC cases were identified either through two-stage liver cancer screening or linkage with the National Cancer Registry. The independent effect of type 2 diabetes on the incidence of HCC and the interaction between type 2 diabetes and hepatitis infection or lipids profile were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. After controlling for age, sex, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), smoking, and alcohol consumption, the association between type 2 diabetes and incidence of HCC (excluding 33 prevalent cases identified at enrollment) was modified by HCV status and cholesterol level. The associations were only statistically significant (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 2.08 [1.03-4.18]) for being HCV negative and for having hypercholesterolemia (adjusted HR = 2.81 [1.20-6.55]). These statistically significant findings remained even excluding cases of diabetes newly diagnosed at enrollment. In conclusion, in an area with a high prevalence of hepatitis virus infection, type 2 diabetes increases the risk of developing HCC in those who are HCV negative or have a high level of total cholesterol.
 ...
PMID:Type 2 diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma: A cohort study in high prevalence area of hepatitis virus infection. 1713 79

Rat liver oxidative stress caused by toxic hepatitis is accompanied by increased activity of glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.4.9; G6PDG). Electrophoretically homogenous G6PDG preparations purified from livers control rats and animals with hepatitis had specific activity of 4.13 and 6.54 EU, respectively. Fe2+ and Cu2+ ions showed non-competetive type inhibition of G6PDG at normal and under pathological condition, whereas Ca2+ activated G6PDG. Hydrogen peroxide exhibited mixed type inhibition of G6PD (K(i) 0.36 mM and 0.95 mM at norm and experimental toxic hepatitis, respectively). The participation of oxidised and reduced glutathione in G6PDG activity regulation has been shown.
 ...
PMID:[Regulatory properties of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from rat liver under conditions of the intensification of free-radical oxidation stimulated by toxic hepatitis]. 1689 86

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that is primarily expressed in the enterohepatic system where it functions as intracellular sensor for bile acids. Ligand dependent FXR activation induces transcriptional responses to coordinately regulate bile acid, cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose metabolism, and to protect the intestinal mucosa from bacterial overgrowth and inflammatory insults. Here we discuss the latest discoveries in FXR-driven metabolic pathways with relevance to pathophysiology and novel therapeutic approaches of several conditions such as hypertriglyceridemia, type 2 diabetes, cholesterol gallstone disease, steato-hepatitis and metabolic syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Nuclear bile acid receptor FXR as pharmacological target: are we there yet? 1690 70


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>