Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The COBAS Amplicor system is an automated diagnostic PCR system which contains a PCR internal control (P. I. C.) template to monitor the amplification. The applicability of COBAS Amplicor HCV was examined using sera of patients with hepatitis. Furthermore, the effects of possible interfering substance (total protein, triglyceride, hemoglobin, glucose, total bilirubin, heparin, lysis reagent including guanidium) on HCV-RNA detection were investigated. The sensitivity of COBAS Amplicor HCV was equivalent to the manual method of Amplicor HCV, moreover all of the results in 54 clinical samples analyzed on both COBAS Amplicor HCV and Amplicor HCV were in agreement. Detection sensitivity of HCV-RNA decreased in the presence of total bilirubin and heparin. Ten and 25mg/dl of total bilirubin affected HCV-RNA detection but did not affect P. I. C. This result suggested that total bilirubin interfered with the protein denature caused by the lysis reagent. Fifteen U/ml of heparin in the sample completely inhibited amplification both of the HCV-RNA and P. I. C. One U/ml of heparin did not affect amplification, but heparinized blood samples should not be used for the detection of HCV-RNA. To examine the effect of possible carry over contamination on the lysis reagent which contains guanidium, various concentrations of lysis reagent in P. I. C. were tested. RT-PCR was inhibited by 1/500 volume contamination of lysis reagent in specimen diluent. Other substances did not affect the sensitivity. Our results indicate that the carryover contamination of lysis reagent cause more "false negative" results than interfering substances in sera. In conclusion, HCV-RNA detection system containing P. I. C., such as COBAS Amplicor HCV, will become a very useful to differentiate "false negative" and "true negative" result.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of RT-PCR method for detection of HCV-RNA: second report availability of RT-PCR system using PCR internal control for detection of HCV-RNA and the influence of interfering substances on the detection]. 952 39

Three fractions of polysaccharides that have high biological activity were extracted from Chinese bamboo leaves (Indocalamus Tesselatus) with 0.9% sodium chloride, 1% ammonium oxalate and 85% ethanol. Their component sugars were investigated by paper chromatography developed with n-butanol-pyridine-water (6:4:3 by vol), and by gas chromatography with crown ester stationary-phase-fused silica capillary column. Their monosaccharide compositions are different from each other with glucuronic acid, galactose, arabinose, mannose, glucose, and xylose (52, 18, 9, 7 and 6%, respectively) in one fraction, only glucuronic acid in another and glucuronic acid, fucose, arabinose and xylose (36, 31, 24 and 9%, respectively) in the third fraction. The protection effect of two polysaccharides against experimental hepatitis was studied in mice.
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PMID:Chromatographic analysis of polysaccharides extracted from Chinese Indocalamus tesselatus. 956 76

Ischemic hepatitis, a relatively infrequent disorder occurring in 0.16% to 0.50% of patients admitted to medical intensive care units, often follows episodes of hypotension or acute heart failure. Investigating the clinical characteristics of patients with ischemic hepatitis may add to our understanding of the pathogenesis and significance of this syndrome. We therefore conducted a retrospective analysis of 34 patients to examine the possible contribution of the various baseline characteristics to the severity of the hepatic damage. In all patients liver disease was unexpected and in some, liver dysfunction dominated the clinical picture. All patients had high serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (mean +/- SE, 2073 +/- 255 international units and 6085 +/- 748 international units, respectively). The mean SGPT/LDH ratio was 0.34. Most patients had coagulopathy with a prolonged prothrombin time (mean +/- SE, 5.86 +/- 1.37 international normalized ratio [INR]). The most common diagnosis on admission was respiratory distress secondary to various causes. Before the development of the hepatic dysfunction, respiratory failure and hypoxemia were observed in 68% of the patients, whereas hypotension was observed in only 38%. More than 90% of the patients had three or more associated comorbid conditions. The most frequent of these were left heart failure (88.2%), right heart failure (67.6%), chronic obstructive lung disease (58.8%), and chronic renal failure (55.9%). During the acute episode, more than 90% of the patients had transient deterioration of their renal functions. Hypoglycemia was noted in 11 patients (32.4%), and the glucose level was inversely correlated with the SGPT level (r = -0.43, p = 0.01). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that left heart failure, systolic blood pressure lower than 90 mm Hg, and female gender, together, accounted for 34% of the variance of the peak SGPT levels (p = 0.002). Fourteen (41.2%) patients died during the 3-month follow-up period, but none from the hepatic injury. None of the clinical or laboratory parameters measured predicted mortality. Clearly, ischemic hepatitis is associated with a high risk of death. The characteristic patients are those with multiple underlying systemic diseases and conditions, especially those with left heart failure. Liver function test results and levels of liver enzymes should be monitored in these patients, particularly when they are admitted for respiratory deterioration and episodes of hypotension.
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PMID:Ischemic hepatitis: clinical and laboratory observations of 34 patients. 960 Mar 66

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) remains common in Hong Kong. From January 1996 to June 1997, 11 adult patients with TBM presented to Queen Mary Hospital, a regional hospital in Hong Kong. The annual incidence of TBM was estimated at 1.8 per 100,000 population. Nine patients were local Chinese, and only one patient had the acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In contrast to the classical presentation as a chronic indolent disease, our patients presented acutely: the mean duration from onset of symptoms to presentation was 4.8 days (range 0-10). The most common presenting symptoms were headache (64%), fever (46%), or both (36%), with focal deficits occurring in 64% of patients. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were positive in 30% and 29% of cases. Mean CSF cell count, protein and glucose levels were 340 x 10(6)/L, 267 mg/dL, and 2.3 mmol/L, respectively. Extra-neural tuberculosis occurred in 46% of cases. All patients survived and responded to treatment. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity was common; 64% of patients developed biochemical hepatitis.
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PMID:Tuberculosis meningitis in Hong Kong: experience in a regional hospital. 986 23

The objective of this work was to study the gastric emptying (GE) of liquids in fasted and sucrose-fed rats with toxic hepatitis induced by acetaminophen. The GE of three test meals (saline, glucose and mayonnaise) was evaluated in Wistar rats. For each meal, the animals were divided into two groups (N = 24 each). Group I was fed a sucrose diet throughout the experiment (66 h) while group II was fasted. Forty-two hours after the start of the experiment, each group was divided into two subgroups (N = 12 each). Subgroup A received a placebo and subgroup B was given acetaminophen (1 g/kg). Twenty-four hours later, the GE of the three test meals was assessed and blood samples were collected to measure the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and acetaminophen. In group IB, the mean AST and ALT values were 515 and 263 IU/l, respectively, while for group IIB they were 4014 and 2472 IU/l, respectively. The mean serum acetaminophen levels were higher in group IIB (120 micrograms/ml) than in group IB (87 micrograms/ml). The gastric retention values were significantly higher in group IIB than in group IIA for all three test meals: saline, 51 vs 35%; glucose, 52 vs 38% and mayonnaise, 51 vs 29% (median values). The correlation between gastric retention and AST levels was significant (P < 0.05) for group IIB for the three test meals: r = 0.73, 0.67 and 0.68 for saline, glucose and mayonnaise, respectively. We conclude that GE is altered in rats with hepatic lesions induced by acetaminophen, and that these alterations may be related to the liver cell necrosis caused by the drug.
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PMID:Gastric emptying in rats with acetaminophen-induced hepatitis. 987 80

A 38-year-old otherwise healthy man presented with hepatic failure (aspartate aminotransferase of 7212 U/L, alanine aminotransferase of 6629 U/L, total and direct bilirubin of 10.7 mg/dL) and acute renal failure (creatinine of 11.6 mg/dL and blood urea nitrogen of 42 mg/dL), which required hemodialysis when the creatinine increased to 21 mg/dL, with a blood urea nitrogen of 115 mg/dL, and the patient became oliguric. On admission, this patient also had a lipase of 1833 U/L, amylase of 211 U/L, glucose of 210 mg/dL, and reactive IgM antibody for acute hepatitis A. The hepatitis and acute renal failure resolved in 3 months, but this patient continues to have type II diabetes mellitus 7 years after the hepatitis A infection. This case illustrates that hepatitis A infection may be severe with liver failure, acute renal failure, and permanent diabetes mellitus as sequale of this infection.
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PMID:Hepatitis A-induced diabetes mellitus, acute renal failure, and liver failure. 1037 44

Glucocorticoid excess causes insulin resistance i.e. a reduced effectiveness of insulin to suppress hepatic glucose production and to increase glucose uptake in muscle and fat tissue. Persons who cannot compensate for the resulting additional insulin need develop overt diabetes during glucocorticoid therapy. In the field of gastroenterology, glucocorticoids are mainly employed for the therapy of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, alcoholic and autoimmune hepatitis, and after liver transplantation. The risk of developing steroid diabetes depends among other things on the genetic predisposition, the body composition, the underlying gastrointestinal disease, the age, and the steroid dose. The treatment of glucocorticoid-induced diabetes resembles essentially the treatment of type 2-diabetes. In addition to dietary measures, oral antihypoglycemic drugs and/or insulin are applied. If oral antihypoglycemic drugs are used, specific problems that might result from the gastrointestinal diseases need to be observed. In the short and medium term, the prognosis of glucocorticoid-induced diabetes is good since it is well treatable. If glucocorticoid treatment is continued for a long time, the alterations of glucose metabolism and the resulting hyperinsulinemia may lead to increased cardiovascular risk.
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PMID:[Glucocorticoid-induced diabetes mellitus in gastrointestinal diseases]. 1044 14

Open (OC) or laparoscopic (LC) cholecystectomy is considered a relative contraindication in patients with liver cirrhosis. The effect of LC and OC on the hepatic catabolic stress response was studied in patients with postnecrotic liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis to define the most suitable procedure from a metabolic point of view. Altogether 14 patients with cirrhosis and 14 with chronic hepatitis were randomized to LC or OC (n = 7 in each group). The increase in the functional hepatic nitrogen clearance (FHNC) was quantified. Changes in glucose, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) were observed. There was no difference in FHNC between LC and OC in any of the patients. Among cirrhotic patients OC caused a 132% increase in FHNC (p < 0.05) and among the hepatitis patients a 69% increase (p < 0.05). In contrast, there was no significant increase following LC in any of the patients. OC increased fasting glucose and insulin in the hepatitis patients (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) and in the cirrhosis group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Alanine stimulation increased glucose in hepatitis patients after OC (p < 0.05) and after LC (p < 0.01). Stimulated glucagon increased after OC in the hepatitis group (p < 0.05). During stimulation cortisol was higher following LC in hepatitis patients (p < 0.01) and cirrhotic patients (p < 0.05). Fasting PGE(2) was down-regulated after LC in hepatitis patients (p < 0.05) and cirrhotic patients (p < 0.01) and after OC in the hepatitis group (p < 0.001). FHNC is similar after LC and OC. Thus from a metabolic point of view, LC has no advantage over OC.
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PMID:Postoperative hepatic catabolic stress response in patients with cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis. 1065 74

Troglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, is a new drug for type 2 diabetes. The drug decreases blood glucose via enhancing insulin action. Recently Sankyo pharmaceutical company is warning severe hepatotoxicity by troglitazone. It recommends to examine liver function every month in diabetic patients treated with the drug in order early to find drug-induced hepatitis. In Japan 153 diabetic patients treated with the drug developed severe hepatitis and 8 of them died of drug-side effects. Quinone metabolite of troglitazone predominantly in the liver to a sulfate conjugate and activation of PPAR gamma and PXR(pregnane X receptor) by troglitazone are supposed to be factors of hepatotoxic mechanism.
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PMID:[Clinical effect and side effect of troglitazone]. 1070 61

The occupational health nurse for the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) collaborated with the Schools of Nursing within the state universities of South Carolina to coordinate individual health screenings for the employees of SCDOT. Personal Wellness Profiles (PWP) by Wellsource, Inc., were used to perform the health screenings and included family and personal histories, and assessment of blood pressure, vision, height, weight, total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood glucose levels. In addition, hepatitis and tetanus/diphtheria immunizations and influenza vaccines were provided. Each of the 48 county sites was visited twice during the semester by nursing faculty and nursing and public health students. The first visit was to collect assessment data for screening and provide immunizations. The second visit was to provide individualized analyzed data and health counseling. Of the 5,118 SCDOT employees, 3,141 were screened the first year and 2,315 were screened the second year. Of the original 3,141, only 1,549 elected to participate in the rescreening. Although the average population age was 41, 78.3% were rated at high coronary risk because of high blood pressure, high cholesterol and blood sugar levels, excessive weight and stress levels, and sedentary lifestyles.
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PMID:Providing worksite health promotion through university-community partnerships. The South Carolina DOT project. 1081 24


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