Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

6 girls, aged 4-16 years, with acanthosis nigricans and hirsutism were studied. Fasting and postglucose hyperinsulinism was present in the 5 older girls. In the youngest, a transitory diabetes with hyperinsulinism was induced by a cortisone therapy for hepatitis. Insulin resistance, suggested by the failure to significantly decrease blood glucose after insulin injection (0.1 U/kg), was demonstrated in three steps: (1) Patient plasma failed to bind 125I-insulin after a 5-day incubation followed by precipitation by antihuman globulin serum. (2) Specific 125I-insulin binding to rat liver membranes was identical in the presence of patient plasma and control plasma. (3) Specific 125I-insulin binding to the erythrocytes of the 6 patients (3.5-7.0%) was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than in controls (4.5-19.5%). Moreover, the significant correlation present in controls between total binding and reticulocyte counts (r = 0.824, p less than 0.001) was absent in the patients. These data demonstrate further that, in the juvenile type of acanthosis nigricans, insulin resistance which may precede hyperinsulinism is not related to anti-insulin antibodies nor to antireceptor antibodies, but results from a primary defect of insulin receptors.
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PMID:Insulin-specific binding to erythrocytes in 6 girls with acanthosis nigricans. 648 30

The effects of insulin and glucagon administration on serum amino acid levels were investigated in patients with severe liver disease, since simultaneous injection of pancreatic hormones has been recently introduced as a therapeutic approach. The changes in serum amino acid concentrations, as observed 3 h after ceasing a 3 h infusion of insulin and glucagon in 500 ml glucose solution, were an elevation of serum branched chain amino acid (BACA) levels and of the molar ratio of BCAA/aromatic amino acid (AAA) levels in patients with liver cirrhosis. Similar increases of serum BCAA levels during the infusion were also observed in patients with fulminant hepatitis. The results suggest that insulin-glucagon therapy for severe liver disease has no harmful side effects at least with respect to alterations in the serum aminogram.
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PMID:Effects of insulin and glucagon on serum amino acid concentrations in liver disease. 676 Jun 74

The effect of the hepatoprotective drug silymarin (Carsil) on the incorporation rate of 14C-leucine into total proteins and on the biosynthesis of UDP-N-acetylhexosamine and microsomal glycoproteins using 14C-glucose of rat liver with D-galactosamine hepatitis was studied. It was found that i.p. treatment with Carsil in a dose of 140 mg/kg applied for 4 consecutive days partly abolishes the inhibitory effect of galactosamine on protein and glycoprotein biosynthesis. The specific activity of 14C-labelled UDP-N-acetylhexosamine is higher in the liver of D-galactosamine treated rats, compared with the specific activity of the nucleotide from liver pretreated with Carsil and then injected with galactosamine. This fact supports the suggestion that Carsil probably activates the metabolic conversion of UDP-hexosamine to the acetylated metabolite-UDP-N-acetylhexosamine, which is the normal liver cell metabolite, in liver cells.
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PMID:Effect of silymarin (Carsil) on the microsomal glycoprotein and protein biosynthesis in liver of rats with experimental galactosamine hepatitis. 688 84

Early immunoreactive insulin and glucose alterations were studied in the pancreatoduodenal vein of dogs with experimental hepatitis after rapid glucose injection into the pancreatic artery. The blood was collected from the pancreatoduodenal vein every 10 s. In the early period of insulin release the stimulant effect of glucose on insulin secretion was less pronounced in animals with experimental hepatitis as compared with control.
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PMID:[Insulin secretion in dogs with experimental pancreatitis to the intrapancreatic administration of glucose]. 699 61

Twenty-one viral hepatitis patients underwent i.v. glucose tolerance tests during the acute phase of the illness. The results, expressed as the constant of glucose disappearance (Kg), were compared with those of 10 healthy control subjects. When the patients were grouped according to Kg-less than 0.9 or greater than 1.2 min-1-it was found that eight showed a delayed glucose disappearance together with a moderate hypoinsulinemic response (pattern 1). Another eight showed a normal glucose disappearance together with a hyperinsulinemic response (pattern 2). Five patients had intermediate Kg values. High levels of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) were a consistent finding in all patients, indicating that unrestrained lipolysis is an important feature of hepatitis. The extent of decrease in plasma FFA in response to the glucose load was markedly lower in all hepatitis patients than in the control subjects; the rate of decrease was most delayed in the pattern 1 patients. This suggested that the increased FFA availability is an expression of adipose tissue insulin resistance, which, in contrast to glucose disappearance, remains uncompensated by the relative hyperinsulinemia. It may contribute to the diminished peripheral glucose utilization, particularly in pattern 1 patients. We conclude that the different patterns of response in hepatitis may be discerned in one patient group by extending the diagnostic criteria of the glucose tolerance test. In addition to the differences in the magnitude of the peripheral insulin resistance, the main distinction between the two patterns lies in the capacity of the pancreas to adjust insulin secretion in order to maintain normal glucose homeostasis.
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PMID:Patterns of glucose intolerance and free fatty acid behavior in viral hepatitis. 700 83

On 35 patients with acute hepatitis had been carried out intravenous glucose-tolerance-tests (0,5 g glucose/kg). The assimilation coefficient of glucose and the level of insulin were determined during the acute phase of illness and the recovery phase. In 8 cases additionally C-peptide was determined to interpret the regulation of insulin-secretion and hepatic reduction. During the acute phase of illness the glucose-tolerance-test proofed 15 x clearly and 13 x limiting pathological. Except one patient all cases showed an improvement during recovery and 21 x a normalisation of glucose-tolerance. The serum-insulin-analysis gave 28 x lower figures during the acute phase compared to the healing-phase, whereas the determination of the C-peptide showed higher figures matching the enhanced glucose concentrations, which proves a normal regulation of insulin-secretion during the acute phase of disease in hepatitis. Because of the enhanced C-peptide/insulin-index our results support that in the early state of hepatitis the lower insulin figures are caused through a higher insulin clearance of the acute inflamed liver.
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PMID:[The behavior of glucose tolerance, serum insulin and C-peptide in acute viral hepatitis]. 702 Nov 26

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Kamchatka newcomers in 26.7/1000 of the subjects examined (21 among males and 30.7 in females). The urban population is more often subjected to the risk of diabetes mellitus development (30/1000), than that of the rural locality (15/1000). Among the groups of different ages it is maximum in males, aged 50 to 59 years (48.6/1000), and in females, aged 40 to 49 years (59/1000), and is minimum in boys and girls, aged 15 to 19 years (5 and 5.3/1000, respectively). The highest indices of the distributed tolerance to glucose were seen in males, aged 50 to 59, 60 years and older (86.9 and 73.1/1000) and females, aged 50 to 59 years (68.5/1000), remaining sufficiently high in subjects, aged 40 to 49,60 years and older (33.4 and 46.2/1000). High indices of the disease prevalence are observed among office workers (5.2/1000 in males and 49.3/1000 in females) and not engaged subjects (29/1000 among males and 36/1000 among females). Cases of diabetes mellitus risk were adaptation period, (247), heredity (207), biliary (150) and hepatitis (122) diseases, overeating (104), cardiovascular diseases (97) for males, aged 50 to 59 years (48.6), and females, aged 40 to 49 years (59), arterial hypertension (36). Diabetes mellitus risk factors, i.e. the birth of large foetuses, cardiovascular diseases, age, an increased, carbohydrate content in the diet were noted in the native population. A scientific system of prophylactic measures has been developed on the base of the results obtained.
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PMID:[Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the population of Kamchatka Province and its risk factors]. 714 80

To determine a possible relation of hepatic oxidative activity to glucose metabolism, the rates of oxygen consumption of liver slices from patients with chronic liver diseases were polarographically measured. The livers from patients with chronic (persistent and aggressive) hepatitis and with normal glucose tolerance showed almost the same respiratory activity as those from patients with normal livers and normal glucose tolerance, whereas the livers from patients with chronic hepatitis and with diabetic glucose tolerance (ie, diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic hepatitis) showed only a half the normal level. The decreased rate of respiration was also observed in liver slices from cirrhotics with glucose intolerance. The decrease in respiration was found in patients with normal or hyperinsulinemia as well as hypoinsulinemia responding to oral glucose load. No liver tests so far examined, except the oral glucose tolerance test, correlated with hepatic respiratory activity. It is concluded that in patients with chronic liver diseases the defect of liver respiration has a close relation to the glucose metabolism and is not necessarily associated with histological change of the liver.
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PMID:Glucose tolerance and respiratory activities of human liver biopsies: their interdependence. 730 59

A 62-year-old Indian with diabetic nephropathy controlled with metformin, developed miliary tuberculosis for which he was treated with rifampicin, isoniazid and ethambutol. Soon afterwards he developed cholestatic hepatitis and visual disturbance. Rifampicin and ethambutol were stopped. Streptomycin caused vertigo and had to be stopped. The introduction of para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) led to hypoglycaemic coma. Metformin was stopped. Hypoglycaemic coma recurred. PAS was stopped and the patient's blood glucose concentrations became normal. Treatment with isoniazid and ethambutol led to total recovery from pulmonary tuberculosis. The induction of hypoglycaemia with PAS in this patient suggests a potential role for PAS in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Para-aminosalicylic acid-induced hypoglycaemia in a patient with diabetic nephropathy. 739 95

The red blood cell composition was determined in 25 patients with acute viral hepatitis and in 26 normal subjects. The potassium concentration was 83.4 +/- 4.11 mmol/kg red cells (mean +/- SD) in hepatitis red blood cells and 79.7 +/- 4.74 mmol/kg red cells in the control samples (P < 0.005). There were no significant differences between the sodium content of normal and hepatitis red blood cells. 22Na-Efflux was determined in red blood cells of 17 patients with acute viral hepatitis and 18 normal subjects. The mean sodium efflux rate constant was 0.212 +/- 0.036 in red cells of patients with hepatitis and 0.295 +/- 0.046 in the control samples (P < 0.001). This difference resulted from a reduction in both the active and residual portions of the red blood cell sodium pump in the patients with viral hepatitis. Red blood cells of patients with acute viral hepatitis accumulated sodium at a significantly slower rate than normal red blood cells. The increase in osmotic fragility after 24 hr incubation at 37 degrees C in the absence of glucose was less prominent in hepatitis red blood cells than in normals. The findings of a reduced sodium efflux and slower accumulation of sodium during incubation, suggest that red blood cells from patients with viral hepatitis are less permeable to sodium, thereby leading to a new steady-state, characterized by a reduced sodium efflux.
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PMID:Sodium transport in red cells of patients with acute viral hepatitis. 740 85


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