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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The spontaneous course of the galactosamine-hepatitis in the guinea-pig (750 and 1000 mg/kg GalN iv respectively) is characterized by a terminal hypoglycemia together with hypothermia and arterial hypotension fifty-nine hours on average after GalN-application. Preventing hypoglycemia and hypothermia by continuous intravenous infusion of a glucose solution and by increasing room temperature, the animals do not develop hepatic coma, but show an increasing disturbance of the righting reflex and survive at least seventy-two hours. Plasma biochemical tests and liver histology reflect severe hepatic damage. A twofold increase of the liver weight is caused by raised water and lipid content combined with a concomitant depletion of liver glycogen. Pharmacological studies with 14C-Pentobarbital result in a distinctly diminished clearance and in a prolonged half life while the cytochrome P-450 content of the liver shows a moderate decrease. In animal models of acute liver failure the possible incidence of hypoglycemia, arterial hypotension and hypothermia should be considered.
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PMID:[Galactosamine-induced acute liver failure in the guinea pig--spontaneous course and controlled study conditions]. 371 20

Perhexiline maleate, which causes inhibition of myocardial fatty acid catabolism with a concomitant increase in glucose utilization, is particularly useful in the management of patients with severe angina pectoris. While perhexiline exerts no significant negative inotropic or dromotropic effects, its short- and long-term use has hitherto been restricted because of complex pharmacokinetics and the eventual development, in many patients, of hepatitis and peripheral neuropathy. Correlations between perhexiline dose, plasma drug concentrations, efficacy and development of toxicity were examined prospectively in 3 groups of patients. The first group (n = 29) were patients in whom perhexiline was added to previously prescribed anti-anginal medication for short-term (pre-surgical or post-myocardial infarction) control of angina pectoris. Over a mean treatment period of 18 +/- 2 (SEM) days, 13 patients experienced a marked reduction in frequency and severity of attacks. No adverse effects occurred. A second group of patients (n = 19) were treated chronically with 50-400 mg/day of perhexiline, dosage being adjusted to minimize symptoms. Over a mean treatment period of 8.8 +/- 1.7 months, 5 patients became asymptomatic, while 9 developed evidence of hepatitis or neurotoxicity, with concomitant plasma perhexiline concentrations of 720-2680 ng/ml. Subsequently, a further group of similar patients (n = 22) were treated for 12.4 +/- 2.6 months, perhexiline dosage being adjusted to maintain plasma perhexiline concentrations below 600 ng/ml. Nine patients became asymptomatic, while none developed adverse effects. It is concluded that perhexiline is useful both as a short-term adjunct to anti-anginal therapy and in the long-term management of patients unsuitable for coronary artery bypass grafting. The risk of long-term toxicity can be reduced markedly by maintenance of plasma drug concentrations below 600 ng/ml without significantly compromising anti-anginal efficacy.
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PMID:Perhexiline maleate treatment for severe angina pectoris--correlations with pharmacokinetics. 379 79

The results of 24 applications of hemosorption procedure in 19 cases of acute leukemia, chronic myeloleukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma are discussed. Hemosorption in conjunction with infusions of albumin, hemodesum, rheopolyglucinum, saline and glucose solutions may be recommended for severe and extremely severe toxemia. A high efficiency of the procedure application at different stages of leukemia development in cases of toxemia syndrome, toxico-allergic hepatitis and sepsis was observed.
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PMID:[Hemosorption combined with intensive measures in hemoblastoses]. 386 Oct 25

A patient who abstained from alcohol consumption but who had asymptomatic chronic progressive hepatomegaly, mild disturbance of liver function tests and hepatitis resembling alcoholic hepatitis (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) developed glucose intolerance several years after the hepatitis was diagnosed. The patient had a family history of both diabetes and chronic liver disease. A lesion resembling alcoholic hepatitis in a patient who denies alcohol consumption, may be diabetic or pre-diabetic in aetiology and such a patient should be followed up with glucose tolerance tests.
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PMID:Diabetic hepatitis preceding the onset of glucose intolerance. 398 46

A 30-year-old unconscious woman in a hypoglycemic coma responded rapidly to intravenous glucose administration with full neurologic recovery. She was diagnosed with fulminant non-A-non-B hepatitis. On the fourth hospital day, she became suddenly lethargic and required dopamine and dobutamine for respiratory and cardiovascular support. Ophthalmic examination revealed clinical manifestations consistent with bilateral neuroretinal infarction. She died on the tenth hospital day. Careful serial ophthalmologic examinations may serve to prevent the occurrence of such a devastating complication in the setting of otherwise life-saving medical management.
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PMID:Bilateral retinal infarction associated with high dose dopamine. 399 13

1. In confirmation of previous work, administration of d(+)-galactosamine (0.5-0.75g/kg body wt.) to rats caused a hepatitis with histological evidence of liver damage and a 9-fold rise in aspartate aminotransferase activity in serum. 2. There was a significant elevation of blood lactate and pyruvate concentrations in 24h-starved rats treated with galactosamine but no change in the [lactate]/[pyruvate] ratio. 3-Hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate concentrations in blood were decreased. 3. The changes in the concentrations of lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies in the freeze-clamped liver were parallel to those observed in the blood. 4. In the livers of 24h-starved galactosamine-treated rats there were large increases in the concentrations of alanine (3-fold), citrate (5-fold), 2-oxoglutarate (4-fold), with smaller increases in malate, glutamate and aspartate. There was a 4-fold rise in the value of the mass-action ratio of the alanine aminotransferase system in the livers of galactosamine-treated rats when compared to controls. 5. There was a significant decrease in the activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases in the cytoplasm and the soluble fraction of sonicated homogenates of the livers of rats treated with galactosamine. The activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase was decreased by 75% of the control value. 6. Glucose synthesis from lactate in perfused livers from galactosamine-treated rats was inhibited 39% when compared with controls. 7. The results indicate that the conversion of lactate into glucose is decreased in the livers of galactosamine-treated rats and that this decrease may be due to the loss of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from damaged hepatocytes.
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PMID:Metabolic studies in experimental liver disease resulting from D(+)-galactosamine administration. 465 44

Modern contraceptive methods are discussed, with special emphasis on oral contraceptives, which are regarded as the most effective. They are also regarded as generally safe, although there are contraindications and the drugs should only be prescribed after careful examination. The need for selecting the drug most suitable for the individual patients, mainly on the basis of the characteristics of the menstrual cycle (suggesting a predominance of estrogen or progestin, within safety limits, such as 50 mcg of estrogen), is emphasized. The examinations required include a general clinical, gynecological, and breast examination, cytology tests, evaluation of the menstrual flow pattern, measurements of arterial pressure, weight, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and urine tests. They should be repeated at 6-month intervals, or 3-month intervals in the case of high-risk patients (varicose veins, obesity, heavy smokers, high cholesterol and triglyceride levels, history of jaundice, slight heart condition, clinical or potential diabetes, porphyria or predisposition to uterine myoma). Oral contraceptives are contraindicated in cases presenting a history of thromboembolism, phlebitis, cerebral apoplexy; sickle cell anemia, which indicates a predisposition to thromboembolic accidents; serious liver disease or recent hepatitis; serious heart disease; hormone-dependent neoplasia (breast cancer); predisposition to uterine cancer; erythematous lupus; metorrhagia of unknown origin; psychic disorders, especially of a depressive type. They should also be avoided for 3-4 years after puberty, in order to avoid interfering with the development of the hypothalamus and with growth. A carcinogenic effect of the pill and an increase in the risk of giving birth to abnormal children can be ruled out, although the incidence of abortions due to chromosome anomalies after suspending treatment is rather high (due to the previous inhibition of ovulation, a situation similar to repeated pregnancies at short intervals, which involve the same risk).
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PMID:[Current clinical problems of contraception]. 502 53

Gastrointestinal problems and, in particular, diarrhoeal illnesses are the commonest cause of morbidity and mortality among young children in Jordan. Children with diarrhea constitute about 20% of admissions to Jordan University Hospital (JUH). The aetiology of diarrhoea is multifactorial and bacterial pathogens are seldom isolated. Stool viruses have not been investigated. There is a steady fall in the prevalence of breast-feeding with a consequent increase in gastroenteritis, especially among the poor. The use of electrolyte solutions for oral rehydration therapy is encouraged, and the use of antibiotics in diarrhoeal illness is discouraged. The addition of sucrose instead of glucose to electrolyte solutions has also been adopted. Cow's milk protein intolerance, coeliac disease and chronic inflammatory bowel disease are rarely encountered. Hepatitis is common and is a major cause of morbidity among school children. Cystic fibrosis has been recognized in Jordan but is rare. JUH has been selected as the referral centre for cystic fibrosis in the Middle East.
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PMID:Gastroenterological problems in childhood in Jordan. 618 81

Following an intravenous bolus of 1 mg glucagon plasma level time profiles of glucagon, cyclic AMP and glucose were monitored for two hours in 6 healthy adult volunteers, 6 patients with decompensated cirrhosis, 6 patients with acute viral hepatitis and at recovery, 6 patients with extrahepatic and 4 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis. Elimination half-livers of glucagon (controls = 22.5 +/- 5.6 min) were significantly prolonged in patients with cirrhosis (52.2 +/- 30.8 min) amd acute hepatitis (58.6 +/- 26.3 min). The glucagon - induced rise in cyclic AMP was similar in all subjects but independent of the phase of the hepatitis (acute or recovery) maximal cyclic AMP values were significantly higher in those patients compared to controls. In contrast glucose response was much lower (p less than 0.001) in patients with hepatitis (acute and recovery). All measured parameters, demonstrated considerable individual variations and a large overlap between the different groups of subjects. Therefore it is concluded that these observations negate the diagnostic and functional usefulness of the glucagon test as a predictive liver function index.
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PMID:Glucagon-induced alterations of plasma levels of cyclic AMP and glucose in patients with liver disease. 632 1

Insulin and C-peptide in venous blood were determined during oral glucose tolerance testing in 59 non-manifest diabetics with histologically established chronic liver disease (fatty degeneration, chronic aggressive hepatitis, cirrhosis). Glucose tolerance was pathologic in 60-80% of patients. When compared to a control group patients with chronic liver disease showed significantly increased values of blood glucose (after glucose intake), of insulin and of C-peptide (fasting and after glucose intake). The C-peptide/insulin ratio, a measure of hepatic insulin degradation, was significantly decreased after glucose uptake. There were no significant differences of blood sugar, insulin and C-peptide among the various liver diseases. In chronic aggressive hepatitis and in cirrhosis the C-peptide/insulin ratio was partly significantly lower than in fatty degeneration. From the increased C-peptide values increased insulin secretion in chronic liver diseases can be deducted. In addition, the decreased C-peptide/insulin ratios show an impairment of insulin degradation in liver cirrhosis and other chronic hepatic diseases. However, in fatty liver degeneration this is clearly less pronounced than in more serious liver diseases.
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PMID:[Insulin and C-peptide in chronic liver diseases during oral glucose tolerance testing]. 636 4


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