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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in 10 patients with acute virus hepatitis. The assimilation coefficient of glucose and the level of insulin and C-peptide in serum were determined before and in the course of the glucose tolerance tests. In comparison to healthy normal weight persons C-peptide concentration in patients with acute hepatitis increased twice as high whereas the pattern of insulin secretion did not differ significantly. The higher levels of C-peptide indicate an increase of the beta-cell secretion in acute hepatitis. One could suppose an increased hepatic destruction of insulin in acute hepatitis, because there is no significant difference among the insulin levels. More likely, there is a reactive increase of secretion of the beta-cell due to a reduction of insulin sensitivity and this is indicated much better by C-peptide- than insulin levels because of the longer half live of the the C-peptide molecule.
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PMID:[Concentration of C-peptide and insulin in serum of patients with acute virus hepatitis (author's transl)]. 36 78

Six to 12 hr after IP injection of 400 mg/kg of D-galactosamine in rats a 5-fold increase in plasma insulin was observed. In addition, impaired glucose assimilation was present after an IV Load in spite of unchanged fasting glucose levels. In streptozotocin-diabetic rats (100 mg/kg IV) plasma insulin remained diminished 12 h after induction of D-galactosamine hepatitis. Under identical conditions of preparation and incubation, the liver plasma membranes of D-galactosamine-treated rats, in both normal and diabetic states, bound only 40--60% as much insulin per mg of membrane protein as those of the control rats. Scatchard analysis suggested that this was due to a decrease in the number of receptor sites in the membranes of the D-galactosamine-injected rats. No difference in the insulin degrading capacity and in insulin-receptor dissociation of the plasma membranes between control and D-galactosamine-treated groups was found. These data suggest that a reduction in the number of hepatic insulin receptors in galactosamine hepatitis can lead to insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia.
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PMID:Reduced insulin binding to hepatic plasma membranes in D-galactosamine-treated rats. 48 65

The effect of ip administrated aflatoxin B1 and rubratoxin B, singly and in combination, on dogs was determined by serum tests, by observations of clinical signs and survival times, and by evaluation of gross and microscopic lesions. The dog is sensitive to the toxic effects of both mycotoxins. Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities and survival time varied in relation to dose and to the mycotoxin(s) administered. All three plasma enzymes were elevated regardless of dose with the combination of aflatoxin B1/rubratoxin B at 24 hr after dosing, except LDH, which was within the normal range but only at the lowest dose level. Several serum constituents including BUN, cholesterol, uric acid, and total bilirubin were elevated, whereas serum glucose was depressed in dogs treated with the multiple-toxin regimen; these changes were not seen in dogs given only aflatoxin B1 but were characteristic in rubratoxin-treated animals. In general, gross findings at necropsy were similar in all dogs regardless of the dose regimen. A striking similarity existed in the histologic changes observed between lesions experimentally induced by the mycotoxin combination and those lesions reported for dogs fed toxic feed in laboratory studies or in natural cases of hepatitis X. Of particular similarity were the severe kidney lesions observed in dogs exposed to the mycotoxin combination and kidney lesions reported in natural outbreaks of hepatitis X. There can be little doubt of an association between hepatitis X and aflatoxin B1, although it is apparent that the disease probably involves more than a single toxic factor. Our results suggest that hepatitis X in dogs includes aflatoxin B1 as a primary etiological factor but that rubratoxin B also may be involved.
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PMID:Acute toxicity of aflatoxin B1 and rubratoxin B in dogs. 58 96

In a 64-year old woman with a histologically confirmed Au-SH antigen negative acute virus hepatitis with an otherwise normal course, an extreme hypoglycemia lasting four days developed in the florid stage, and was treated with intravenous glucose drips. In spite of the supply of 130 g/24 hrs glucose on the 2nd day of hypoglycemia, the fasting blood sugar level next morning was 0 mg% ("aglycemia"). The hypoglycemia ran a course without autonomic or psychoneurological symptoms. As the hepatitis regressed, the carbohydrate metabolic disorder regained its equilibrium. It is assumed that this was a hepatogenic hypoglycemia. This may have reduced the glycogen reserves in the liver, also partly as a result of minimal diet, disturbed the gluconeogenesis and glycolysis and slowed the breakdown of insulin.
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PMID:[Hypoglycemia - aglycemia in virus hepatitis (author's transl)]. 80

Oral glucose tolerance tests (100 g glucose) and the intravenous tolbutamide test were carried out. The glucose tolerance was seen to be disordered even in acute infectious hepatitis, but returning to normal when cured. If chronic hepatitis develops, however, the proportion of manifest diabetes increases to 7.2% in chronic persistent hepatitis and to 16.3% in chronic progressive hepatitis, while 30% each have latent diabetes. The glucose tolerance is most impaired in fatty liver (stage III) and in active cirrhosis of the liver with portal hypertension, where more than half of all patients present manifest or latent diabetes. Conversely, glucose tolerance improves even in chronic hepatitis and in cirrhosis of the liver as the inflammatory activity subsides. The main cause for the development of "liver diabetes" is therefore likely to be the activity of the inflammatory process, the extent of portal hypertension, disorders of glucose regulation in the liver and the increased insulin inactivation in the cirrhotic liver.
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PMID:[Disorders of glucose tolerance in 2600 histologically confirmed acute and chronic liver patients (author's transl)]. 81 Jun 95

40 patients with infectious hepatitis, 25 with chronic aggressive hepatitis, 25 with compensated liver cirrhosis, and 10 with decompensated liver cirrhosis were submitted to examination. The following abnormalities depending upon the stage and severity of hepatic diseases were found: a) disturbances of total lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, beta-lipoproteids, glycerin, glycerides and neutral fats concentrations; b) marked disorders of glucose tolerance as indicated by the difference between plasma and erythrocyte glucose levels increasing in proportion to the degree of liver damage; c) a fall in plasma and erythrocyte magnesium reflecting the degree of hepatic parenchyma damage; d) a decrease of the albumin/gamma-globulin ratio in proportion to the degree of the impairment of hepatic cells. The presented fat, carbohydrate, magnesium and protein balance indices yield better criterions for the differential diagnostics of hepatic diseases than the routine investigations, and they also make possible objective prognosis.
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PMID:Disturbances of fat, carbohydrate, magnesium and protein balance in liver diseases. 88 63

The sera of 24 patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis receiving combined immunosuppressive therapy were studied for the concentrations of the carbohydrate components of glycoproteins and the IgG, IgA, IgM, alpha-2-macroglobulin, coeruloplasmin, beta-1-C-globulin and transferrin levels over a period of 2 years. Liver biopsy was performed repeatedly in 50% of the cases. On the evidence of the results, combined immunosuppressive treatment is regarded as apt to normalize the serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM and to reduce those of alpha-2-macroglobulin and coeruloplasmin. Among the carbohydrate components of glycoproteins only the amount of hexose was reduced.
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PMID:Effect of immunosuppressive therapy on the serum glycoprotein levels in chronic aggressive hepatitis. 103 48

A series of 107 patients with hepatosis of pregnancy and 61 controls with normal pregnancy is reported. The delivery and the condition of the infant were the main objects of investigation. The hepatosis group was also examined for liver function, glucose tolerance, and daily urinary oestrogen. The duration of the first stage of delivery was found to be slightly shortened in the hepatosis group. Two cases (1.9%) of intrauterine death occurred in the hepatosis series, and the Apgar scores at 1 and 15 minutes were somewhat lower than in the control group. Birthweight was slightly lower in the hepatosis series, corresponding to the earlier date of delivery. 11.9% of the infants weighed less than 2.5 kg at birth. The absolute and relative weights of the placenta showed no differences. The histological examination of the placenta made on part of the series revealed maturing defects in 35%. The liver function tests confirmed the cholestatic nature of hepatosis observed earlier, yielding elevated values especially for aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. The thymol turbidity test was within the normal limits, which means that hepatitis could be excluded. Neither glucose tolerance, nor daily urinary oestrogen differed significantly from the normal. The fetal survival rate has been improved considerably by intensive care of hepatosis of pregnancy.
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PMID:Hepatotis of pregnancy. A clinical study of 107 patients. 113 35

In the last ten years, the practice of plasma volume expansion has changed significantly. Most clinicians have put a stop to the use of fresh frozen plasma because of growing concerns about hepatitis and AIDS transmission. Today, natural and synthetic colloids and crystalloids are used to a great extent. Although clinical practice varies from one institution to another, the most widely observed change was a major increase in the administration of human serum albumin (HSA). As a result, the cost of plasma volume expansion became so high that it justified finding safe and cheaper alternatives to HSA. Low molecular weight, hydroxyethylstarch (HES) are the synthetic colloids which are closest to HSA. HES are modified natural polymers whose physico-chemical properties are defined by their molecular weight and molar substitution ratio. Average molecular weights of these poly-dispersed solutions are approximately 200 to 250 kd (in weight) and 60 kd (in number). Hydroxyethylation, which slows down hydrolysis by alpha-amylase, is best quantified by the molar substitution ratio between the proportions of hydroxyethyl-ether and glucose. HES have pharmacokinetic properties which are independent of molecular weight and directly related to the molar substitution ratio. The two HES available in France are Elohes and Lomol, Elohes, at a concentration of 6%, has a colloid-osmotic effect close to that of plasma. It induces an initial plasma volume expansion greater than that of the infused volume, and has a long lasting effect (24 h) related to its molar substitution ratio (0.62). Lomol, at a concentration of 10%, is hyperoncotic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacology of low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch]. 128 9

Drainage of the thoracic lymph duct and lymphosorption were used in 63 patients with obstructive jaundice of different etiology and cholestatic hepatitis. Lymph was returned into the umbilical vein with transfusion of proteins, glucose, steroid hormones and other preparations.
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PMID:[Lymphosorption in the combined treatment of jaundice]. 129 75


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