Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the previous paper [3], the lethal effect of normal rabbit liver extract intravenously infused into rabbits was described. By comparing to the course of destruction of the liver tissue in fulminant hepatitis, the toxicity of the liver extract was recently studied. Attempts were also made to adsorbing the liver extract by activated clay and detoxifying the liver extract with a formaldehyde solution, and the results suggested that the findings would be applicable as an approach to the artificial liver.
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PMID:Properties of hepatic tissue extracts: 2. An approach to the artificial liver. 101 74

We devised a periodic acid thionine schiff (PATS)-chromotrope method to detect the glomerular deposits more distinctly than conventional staining methods. The PATS-chromotrope method was compared with other immunological staining methods, such as immunofluorescence method and avidin biotin complex method. Formalin-fixed, and paraffin-embedded renal tissues were obtained from 26 patients with IgA nephropathy, 8 with lupus nephritis, 4 with minimal change nephrotic syndrome, 3 with membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis, and 3 with hepatitis-B associated nephropathy. Thionine Schiff reagent was used instead of fuchsin-schiff reagent to stain the basement membrane blue. Subsequently, chromotrope 2R was used to stain the glomerular deposits. For immunofluorescence method, frozen renal tissues were stained with FITC-labelled anti-human IgG, IgA, C3 and fibrinogen. For avidin biotin complex method, the same sections as PATS-chromotrope method were stained with anti-human IgG, IgA, and C3. In PATS-chromotrope method, deposits were identified in 9 of 26 specimens with IgA nephropathy, 3 of 8 specimens with lupus nephritis, and one of 3 specimens with hepatitis-B associated nephropathy. Localization of deposits in PATS-chromotrope method was identified more distinctly than immunofluorescence method or avidin biotin complex method. PATS-chromotrope method is useful to detect the deposition of immune complex on routine light microscopy in human glomerular disease.
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PMID:[Detection of glomerular deposits of various renal diseases on light microscopy using periodic acid thionin [PATS]-chromotrope staining]. 177 Jun 28

To determine trends in a variety of dialysis-associated diseases and practices, the Centers for Disease Control surveyed 1,867 chronic hemodialysis centers in the United States in 1989 in conjunction with the annual facility survey performed by the Health Care Financing Administration. The response rate to a mailed questionnaire was 92%. These 1,726 centers represented 122,734 patients and 32,486 staff members. The following results were found. 1) During the last 14 years, the incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection decreased from 3.0 to 0.1% among patients, and from 2.6 to 0.1% among staff members. Over the same time, the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity declined from 7.8 to 1.4% among patients and from 0.9 to 0.3% among staff members. Hepatitis B vaccine was given by 92% of the centers. By the end of 1989, 19% of susceptible patients and 55% of susceptible staff members had received all three doses of hepatitis B vaccine. From 1982 to 1989, as a result of receiving vaccine, the prevalence of antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) increased from 12 to 19% among patients and from 18 to 54% among staff. The incidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis in 1989 was reported to be 0.7% among patients and 0.1% among staff members. 2) Twenty-two percent of the centers reported pyrogenic reactions in the absence of septicemia among their patients, and 51% reported septicemia. 3) The reported incidence of dialysis dementia among hemodialysis patients was 0.2%, with a case fatality rate of 23%. 4) In 1989, 68% of centers reported that they reused disposable dialyzers; these centers treated 73% of the dialysis patient population. Among centers that reused disposable dialyzers, the average number of reuses ranged from 1 to 50 (mean, 12) and the maximum number of times a disposable dialyzer was ever reused ranged from 3 to 150 (mean, 28). Chemical germicides used for reprocessing dialyzers included formaldehyde, Renalin (a peracetic acid-hydrogen peroxide-based germicide), and glutaraldehyde-based germicides. Reuse of disposable dialyzers was not associated with any increased risk of acquiring HBV infection among either patients or staff. However, pyrogenic reactions occurring in clusters were reported more frequently in centers that reused conventional dialyzer membranes compared with centers that did not. This increased risk was associated only with centers that used Renalin or glutaraldehyde for reprocessing (not formaldehyde) and occurred with both automated and manual reprocessing systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:National surveillance of dialysis-associated diseases in the United States, 1989. 183 Feb 8

The prevalence of the human immunodeficiency and hepatitis viruses has led to considerable concern by health care workers about safer means of examining surgical pathological specimens. The human placenta needs to be examined when there are complications during pregnancy, labor, and delivery; when the fetus is born with apparent problems; and when the delivered placenta is abnormal. Placentas are routinely immersion fixed with neutral buffered 3.7% to 4.0% formaldehyde solution before examination and without obtaining a fresh weight. This study was undertaken to determine if there was a significant change in weight between a fresh and fixed placenta. The results show a 7.67% increase in placental weight after formaldehyde fixation for 24 hours. Thus, the practice of formaldehyde fixation prior to weighing and examination can be continued and still allow for accurate estimation of fresh placental weight.
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PMID:The effect of immersion formaldehyde fixation on human placental weight. 206 35

To determine trends in a variety of dialysis-associated diseases and practices, the Centers for Disease Control surveyed 1,734 chronic hemodialysis centers in the United States in 1988 in conjunction with the annual facility survey performed by the Health Care Financing Administration. The response rate to a mailed questionnaire was 91%. These 1,586 centers represented 107,804 patients and 28,501 staff members. Over the last 13 years, the incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection decreased from 3.0 to 0.2% among patients and from 2.6 to 0.1% among staff members. Over the same time, the prevalence of HBsAg-positivity declined from 7.8 to 1.5% among patients and from 0.9 to 0.3% among staff members. Hepatitis B vaccine was given by 90% of the centers. By the end of 1988, 17% of susceptible patients and 53% of susceptible staff members had received all three doses of hepatitis B vaccine. From 1982 to 1988, as a result of receiving vaccine, the prevalence of antibody to HBsAg increased from 12 to 20% among patients and from 18 to 54% among staff. The incidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis in 1988 was reported to be 1.0% among patients and 0.1% among staff members. Fifteen percent of the centers reported pyrogenic reactions in the absence of septicemia among their patients and 45% reported septicemia. The reported incidence of dialysis dementia among hemodialysis patients was 0.2%, with a case fatality rate of 25%. In 1988, 67% of centers reported that they reused disposable dialyzers; these centers treated 72% of the dialysis patient population. Among centers that reused disposable dialyzers, the average number of reuses ranged from 2 to 50 (mean, 11) and the maximum number of times a disposable dialyzer was reused ranged from 3 to 131 (mean, 28). Chemical germicides used for reprocessing dialyzers included formaldehyde; Renalin, a peracetic acid-hydrogen peroxide-based germicide; and glutaraldehyde-based germicides. Reuse of disposable dialyzers was not associated with any increased risk of acquiring HBV infection among either patients or staff. However, pyrogenic reactions occurring in clusters were more frequently reported in centers that reused conventional dialyzer membranes compared with centers that did not. This increased risk was only associated with centers that reused these dialyzers in a manual reprocessing system, a result consistent with those obtained in 1986 and 1987. Eighteen percent of centers reported treating at least some of their patients by high flux dialysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:National surveillance of dialysis-associated diseases in the United States, 1988. 214 Feb 68

Hepatocytes and bile duct epithelium express several types of cytokeratins, the characteristic intermediate-filament proteins of epithelial cells. The cytokeratin antigen expression was studied in normal and diseased livers, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, and hepatocellular carcinomas by immunohistochemical methods using a panel of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratins. Ten percent formaldehyde solution-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections obtained from ten patients without liver disease, 18 patients without liver disease, 18 patients with different stages of primary biliary cirrhosis, 14 patients with alcoholic hepatitis, ten patients with fatty liver hepatitis secondary to diabetes mellitus or morbid obesity, five patients with hepatocellular carcinomas, and five patients with cholangiocarcinomas were examined. The results suggested that hepatocytes and bile duct epithelium retain their distinct cytokeratin profiles in liver disease, including malignant transformation. Therefore, demonstration of cytokeratins in the liver is useful in establishing the cellular origin of neoplasms and understanding the pathogenesis of liver diseases.
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PMID:Expression of cytokeratins in normal and diseased livers and in primary liver carcinomas. 246 75

An in vitro replication system for mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) strain A59 was developed using lysolecithin to produce cell extracts. In extracts of MHV-infected cells, radiolabeled UMP was incorporated at a linear rate for up to 1 h into RNA, which hybridized to MHV-specific cDNA probes and migrated in denaturing formaldehyde-agarose gels to the same position as MHV genomic RNA. The incorporation of [32P]UMP into genome-sized RNA in vitro correlated with the observed increase of [3H]uridine incorporation in MHV-infected cells labeled in vivo. Incorporation of [32P]UMP into genome-sized RNA was inhibited when extracts were incubated with puromycin. The addition to the assay of antiserum to the MHV-A59 nucleocapsid protein N inhibited synthesis of genome-sized RNA by 90% compared with the addition of preimmune serum. In contrast, antiserum to the E1 or E2 glycoproteins did not significantly inhibit RNA replication. In vitro-synthesized RNA banded in cesium chloride gradients as a ribonucleoprotein complex with the characteristic density of MHV nucleocapsids isolated from virions. These experiments suggest that ongoing protein synthesis is necessary for replication of MHV genomic RNA and indicate that the N protein plays an important role in MHV replication.
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PMID:In vitro replication of mouse hepatitis virus strain A59. 303 13

Virucidal efficacy of chemical disinfectants, heating and ultraviolet radiation against mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), canine coronavirus (CCV), Kilham rat virus (KRV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) were examined. Coronaviruses (MHV and CCV) were inactivated by ethanol, isopropanol, benzalkonium chloride, iodophor, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, cresol soap and formaldehyde as well as by heating at 60 degrees C for 15 minutes, whereas parvoviruses (KRV and CPV) appeared to be inactivated by disinfectants such as formaldehyde, iodophor, sodium hypochlorite and sodium chlorite. Parvoviruses were stable under heating of up to 80 degrees C for 30 minutes. Ultraviolet radiation inactivated all viruses within 15 minutes. No significant differences in stability against physico-chemical treatments were seen between viruses in the same group.
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PMID:Virucidal efficacy of physico-chemical treatments against coronaviruses and parvoviruses of laboratory animals. 341 41

Monoclonal antibodies to five nonoverlapping antigenic domains of woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen (WHsAg) were used to develop site-specific radioimmunoassays. The assays were based on the solid-phase sandwich principle in which different combinations of individual domain-specific antibodies were used as immunoadsorbents and radioiodinated probes. Over 85% of the combinations tested were able to detect serum WHsAg, including those using the same antibody as immunoadsorbent and probe. The limits for antigen detection in one site-specific system ranged between 16 and 80 ng of WHsAg per ml. The antigenic similarity of serum WHsAg from 13 colony woodchucks was shown with several combination assay systems. WHsAg was equally immunoreactive in these assay systems whether obtained by immunoaffinity chromatography or standard rate zone centrifugation methods. Further site-specific analysis demonstrated that Formalin treatment of purified antigen did not affect the immunoreactivity of these WHsAg sites.
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PMID:Antigenic analysis of woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen with site-specific radioimmunoassays. 619 11

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of liver and tumour tissue obtained at necropsy from 44 southern African Blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma were stained for hepatitis-B virus surface antigen by immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase and orcein techniques. The antigen was present in the serum of 68% of the patients. Staining for tissue antigen was positive in 45% of the patients. Non-tumorous hepatocytes alone stained positively in 22.5% of patients, tumour cells alone in 12.5% and both in 10%. Antigen was present in relatively few tumour cells and the amounts detected were small; it was more readily detectable in moderately differentiated than in poorly differentiated malignant cells. Identical results were obtained with immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining, but the orcein stain failed to demonstrate the antigen in tumour cells. Cirrhosis was present in the non-tumorous liver in 70% of the patients. Antigen was detected in cirrhotic tissue in 43% of the patients with cirrhosis, and in non-tumorous liver tissue in 8% of those without cirrhosis, but this difference was not significant. The antigen frequency in tumour tissue was the same in patients with and without cirrhosis. No correlation was found between the presence of liver-cell dysplasia and the presence or absence of either the antigen or cirrhosis in the non-tumorous liver tissue. Ground-glass hepatocytes were seen in non-tumorous liver tissue of 5 patients, but not in tumour tissue. While 54% of the patients with antigenaemia had demonstrable tissue antigen, 10% of patients with tissue antigen had no detectable antigenaemia.
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PMID:Hepatitis-B surface antigen in tumour tissue and non-tumorous liver in black patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 624 94


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