Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experimental drug-induced allergic hepatitis was induced in guinea pigs which had been immunized to the 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP)-conjugated liver protein first peak (TNP-LP1) emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was elicited in the immunized animals by intradermal challenge with TNP-LP1. When TNP-LP1 was introduced into the liver via the mesenteric vein, allergic hepatitis was provoked. Histological examination of the liver revealed massive monocytic infiltration and focal hepatic necrosis in the periportal areas. Blood biochemical analysis showed increased levels of glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) and total bilirubin. TNP-modified hepatocytes were found to be effective as a challenge elicitor to the immunized animals to induce both DTH skin reaction and allergic hepatitis. In the latter case, the severity of the lesion was stronger than that observed by the challenge with TNP-LP1.
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PMID:Allergic hepatitis in guinea pigs induced by 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl liver protein conjugate. 193 24

PR-879-317A (2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-2-phenyl-8,8-dimethoxy-imidazo [1,2a]pyridine) has been found to be a T-cell-selective immunomodulating agent. In the current studies, a series of experiments was designed to determine the potential antiviral activity of this compound in mice infected with murine hepatitis virus. In a comparative antiviral experiment, the activity seen was superior to that of levamisole, a known immunorestorative agent. This activity was characterized by an increase in the 21-day survival frequency, a decrease in hepatic discoloration, a decrease in the amount of infectious virus recoverable from the liver, and normalization of serum glutamic oxalacetate and pyruvate transaminase levels. A comparison of treatment routes indicated the relative efficacies as intraperitoneal greater than per os greater than intramuscular greater than or equal to subcutaneous. Alteration of the treatment schedule markedly affected the antiviral effect; prophylactic or therapeutic treatments once or twice daily for 3 days were usually effective. Single treatments begun 4 h before or 24 h after virus inoculation were highly efficacious. Three treatments administered on alternate days, beginning 48 h before virus inoculation, proved moderately effective. Thrice-daily treatments were ineffective, as were treatments with durations of greater than 3 days. The optimal dosage varied according to the treatment route and dosage schedule. When assessed for direct antiviral activity in vitro, PR-879-317A failed to demonstrate any significant activity against murine hepatitis virus. The positive in vivo activity noted might therefore be the result of immune modulation rather than a direct antiviral effect.
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PMID:Inhibition of murine hepatitis virus infections by the immunomodulator 2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-2-phenyl-8,8-dimethoxy-imidazo[1,2a]pyridine (PR-879-317A). 282 91

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease characterized by the presence of antimitochondrial autoantibodies (AMAs), but also with reactivities to other autoantigens. Recent studies showed that antibodies to phospholipids (APAs) represent an important group of autoantibodies identified in patients with PBC. In this study different types of APAs were identified in the sera of patients with PBC and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and control subjects. Sera from patients with PBC and AIH were tested for the presence of antibodies directed against cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidylserine (PS), and to beta(2)-glycoprotein I (beta(2)-GPI). Furthermore, an in-house test for antithromboplastin antibodies was performed. Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) were tested with standard tests. IgM anti-PS antibodies were found in 75% of the 51 PBC patients, but only in 4% of the 48 AIH patients (P < 0.0001). IgM anti-CL antibodies were more frequently detected in AIH than in PBC (75% vs. 89%; P = 0.045). IgM anti-beta(2)-GPI antibodies were observed more frequently in patients with AIH (83%) than with PBC (59%; P = 0.007). The APAs of the IgG type did not differ significantly between the groups of patients. Considering the clinical/laboratory parameters, the levels of alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.017), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (P = 0.035), and glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (P = 0.034) were significantly higher in PBC patients who were positive for IgM anti-PS antibodies than in the anti-PS antibody-negative patients. In conclusion, APAs are present in PBC patients with a higher level of the disease or more intense liver damage than in patients without APAs. Thus IgM anti-PS antibodies represent a new marker of activity in PBC patients.
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PMID:Clinical relevance of antiphospholipid antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis. 1612 41