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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Genetic resistance to mouse hepatitis, which resides largely in the macrophages of resistant C3H mice, may be altered by exposing the cells in vitro to fluid from allogeneic mixed lymphocytes. A 1,000-fold increase in susceptibility was produced in these genetically resistant cells by exposure to this fluid. This presumed lymphokine was effective without producing any change in host adaption of the virus.
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PMID:Macrophages genetically resistant to mouse hepatitis virus converted in vitro to susceptible macrophages. 17 27

Histocompatibility antigens have been studied in 328 uraemic patients treated by chronic haemodialysis, of whom 201 were contaminated by hepatitis-B virus associated antigen (HBs Ag). The frequency of the phenotypes HL-A 1 (36.2%), HL-A 8 (29.8%) and the HL-A 1,8 (23.4%) was significantly higher in the group of 47 patients who were able to eliminate HBs Ag after a transient antigenemia, than in the group of 154 patients who became chronic carriers of this antigen (P less than 0.01 for HL-A 1,8 association). These frequencies were also higher than the corresponding ones in the normal French population (P less than 0.01 for HL-A 8; P less than 0.001 for HL-A 1,8 association). In contrast, the HL-A frequencies observed in the group of patients with persistent antigenemia were not different from those observed in healthy controls. In conclusion, the presence of HL-A 1,8 phenotype seems to be correlated, in uraemic haemodialyzed patients, with a better immunological response against hepatitis B virus and hence, with the ability to elminate HBs Ag.
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PMID:[A correlation between histocompatibility antigens HL-A 1 and 8 and an improved defense in the chronic uremic patient against hepatitis B virus]. 81 19

A 1-page check-off form that can be used to evaluate a woman's risk factors for oral contraceptives, IUD or diaphragm and spermicide, and provide a permanent health record of the evaluation, has been revised to reflect lower-dose pills and new information. Each risk factor is assigned points in columns under each contraceptive method, so that a score of 10 suggests that a contraindication may exist against that method. Some of the changes for orals are lower scores for age 40, unless other risk factors co-exist, especially smoking. Liver disease, hepatitis and gall bladder disease were eliminated, but liver tumors, endometrial cancer and cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy were each given 10 points. Scores were altered slightly for chloasma, hemoglobinopathies, hypertension and diabetes. Scores for the diaphragm were lowered for pelvic relaxation risk but 5 points were introduced for history of urinary tract infection. For IUDs, multiple sexual partners and abnormal bleeding are added as risks.
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PMID:Family-planning risk-scoring system: updated. 201 9

A 1.7 kb cDNA encoding a novel antigen (p44; apparent Mr 44K) associated with non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis, was isolated from the hepatic cDNA library of a chimpanzee infected with NANB hepatitis. The library was screened with a monoclonal antibody against this antigen. The cDNA cloned contained an open reading frame encoding a 444 amino acid protein with an Mr calculated to be 50,468. The cDNA hybridized to a 1.9 kb mRNA obtained from chimpanzee hepatocytes infected with either the NANB or hepatitis delta viruses. It hybridized weakly to mRNA from hepatitis B virus-infected hepatocytes, and not at all to mRNA from normal chimpanzee hepatocytes. Southern blot analysis revealed that p44 is a host protein in chimpanzees, and that an identical gene exists in the human genome.
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PMID:Cloning, sequencing and expression in Escherichia coli of cDNA for a non-A, non-B hepatitis-associated microtubular aggregates protein. 217 May 70

By means of a radioimmunoassay a substance excreted in feces could be detected in patients with hepatitis non-A,non-B (HNANB). Feces extracts of patients with sporadic and posttransfusion HNANB as well as of healthy persons were precipitated with PEG, digested with RNase and DNase and separated on CsCl. In HNANB-patients a RIA-positive material with a density of 1.3 g/ml CsCl could be detected which contained a partially double-stranded circular DNA. Cloning of this DNA in lambda-phase resulted in DNA of about 5 Kb, which hybridized with feces DNA under stringent conditions. The 5 Kb-DNA were mapped with different restriction enzymes. A 1.5 Kb EcoRi-fragment cross-hybridizes with HBV-DNA. No hybridization and sequence homologies were found with human, viral and procaryotic DNA as well as with plasmid and phage DNA (data base EMBL, Heidelberg). It is assumed that the DNA excreted in feces of HNANB-patients represents a viral genome not detected so far.
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PMID:[A hepatitis non-A, non-B-associated substance in the feces--identification and cloning of a partially double-stranded circular DNA]. 284 Dec 37

A 1-week-old Jersey bull calf with a history of diarrhea, weakness, and lethargy was submitted for necropsy. Principal macroscopic findings were enteritis and multifocal necrotizing hepatitis. Histologically and ultrastructurally, organisms with characteristics of Bacillus piliformis were associated with the foci of necrosis in the liver.
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PMID:Bacillus piliformis infection (Tyzzer's disease) in a calf. 365 16

This study examined the effect of chlorine treatment on the infectivity of hepatitis A virus (HAV). Prodromal chimpanzee feces, shown to induce hepatitis in marmosets (Saguinus sp.), was clarified, and the virus was precipitated with 7% polyethylene glycol 6000, harvested, and resuspended. The suspension was layered onto 5 to 30% linear sucrose gradients and centrifuged; the fractions containing HAV were dialyzed, and a 1:500,000 dilution of this preparation induced hepatitis and seroconversion in 2 of 4 marmosets. A 1:50 dilution of this preparation served as inoculum. Untreated inoculum induced overt hepatitis and seroconversion in 100% (5 of 5) of marmosets inoculated intramuscularly. Inoculum treated for various periods (15, 30, or 60 min) with 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg of free residual chlorine per liter induced hepatitis in 14% (2 of 14), 8% (1 of 12), and 10% (1 of 10) of marmosets, respectively, and induced seroconversion in 29, 33, and 10% of the animals. Inoculum treated with 2.0 or 2.5 mg of free residual chlorine per liter was not infectious in marmosets as determined by absence of hepatitis and seroconversion in the 13 animals tested. Thus, treatment levels of 0.5 to 1.5 mg of free residual chlorine per liter inactivated most but not all HAV in the preparation, whereas concentrations of 2.0 and 2.5 mg of free residual chlorine per liter destroyed the infectivity completely. These results suggest that HAV is somewhat more resistant to chlorine than are other enteroviruses.
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PMID:Effect of chlorine treatment on infectivity of hepatitis A virus. 629 91

The Associated Press reported that a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory group unanimously recommended approval of 3TC (Epivir) as the first oral treatment for hepatitis B. If the FDA follows this recommendation as expected, 3TC, an anti-HIV drug produced by Glaxo Wellcome, will be administered at a lower dose for hepatitis than is administered for HIV. Injected interferon is currently the only approved treatment for hepatitis B, which affects an estimated 1 million Americans. A 1-year study of Epivir showed that 55 percent of participants with mild to moderate hepatitis B showed improvement, as measured by liver biopsies. Hepatitis patients would need to be tested for HIV prior to receiving the treatment, as doses are higher for those with HIV infection.
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PMID:3TC recommended for hepatitis B. 1136 78

Woodchucks (Marmota monax) have a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with chronic infection with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and serve as a model of hepatitis B virus-associated HCC in humans. Helicobacter hepaticus, an enterohepatic helicobacter in mice, is known to cause hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in susceptible mouse strains. In long-term chemical bioassays conducted with B6C3F(1) mice, H. hepaticus has been regarded as a confounding factor because of its tumor-promoting activity. In order to determine if woodchucks harbor a Helicobacter sp. that might play a role in potentiating hepatic inflammation or neoplasia, a study was undertaken to determine whether woodchucks' livers were infected with a Helicobacter sp. Frozen liver samples from 20 (17 WHV-infected and 3 noninfected) woodchucks, 10 with WHV-associated hepatic tumors and 10 without tumors, were cultured by microaerobic techniques and analyzed by using genus- and species-specific helicobacter PCR primers. A 1,200-bp Helicobacter sp.-specific sequence was amplified from 14 liver samples. Southern hybridization confirmed the specific identity of the PCR products. Nine of the 10 livers with tumors had positive Helicobacter sp. identified by PCR, whereas 5 of the 10 livers without tumors were positive. By use of 16S rRNA species-specific primers for H. marmotae, two additional liver samples from the nontumor group had positive PCR amplicons confirmed by Southern hybridization. A urease-, catalase-, and oxidase-positive bacterium was isolated from one liver sample from a liver tumor-positive woodchuck. By 16S rRNA analysis and biochemical and phenotypic characteristics, the organism was classified as a novel Helicobacter sp. Subsequently, four additional bacterial strains isolated from feces of cats and characterized by biochemical, phenotypic, and 16S rRNA analysis were determined to be identical to the woodchuck isolate. We propose the name Helicobacter marmotae sp. nov. for these organisms. Further studies are required to ascertain if this novel Helicobacter sp. plays a tumor promotion role in hepadnavirus-associated tumors in woodchucks or causes enterohepatic disease in cats.
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PMID:Helicobacter marmotae sp. nov. isolated from livers of woodchucks and intestines of cats. 1208 72

A 1-year-old boy received a living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) from his HLA-haploidentical father to treat acute liver failure following non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis. He subsequently developed pancytopenia and was diagnosed with aplastic anemia (AA). He was platelet transfusion dependent and developed two episodes of life-threatening intracranial hemorrhage despite immuno-suppressive therapy consisting of cyclosporin A, antithymocyte globulin, and anabolic steroids. He received combined hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hSCT) with cord blood and bone marrow from an HLA-matched sibling. Conditioning consisted of cyclophosphamide (CY) 200 mg/kg and 7 Gy total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). Marrow engraftment was prompt and there was no significant graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
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PMID:Successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for aplastic anemia following living-related liver transplantation. 1237 94


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