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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Liver specimens of 31 autopsied cases of liver cirrhosis who had had detectable levels of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) inthe serum were stained for hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) by the direct immunofluorescence method. Their premortem serum samples were tested for HBSAg, antibody to HBSAg (anti-HBS) and anti-HBC. Persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as judged by circulating and/or liver HB antigens was identified in 18 patients, and all of them revealed a high titer of anti-HBC ranging from 2(11) to 2(16) by the immune adherence hemagglutination method. In contrast, anti-HBC titer of the remaining 13 patients without detectable HB antigens was less than 2(9), and the geometric mean titer of anti-HBC of the patients with persistent HBV infection was significantly higher than that of the patients without (13.9+/-1.55 versus 7.23+/-1.30; t test, P less than 0.001). A combination of circulating anti-HBS and hepatic HB antigens was found in one patient, whose serum revealed an anti-HBC titer of 2(12). On the basis of these results, a high titer of anti-HBC in the serum (immune adherence hemagglutination titer of 2(11) or more) seems to be a reliable indicator of persistent HBV infection in the liver.
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PMID:Correlation between titer of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen and presence of viral antigens in the liver. 33 Mar 6

One hundred and fifty-two biopsies from serologically HBsAg positive and negative patients with liver disease were studied in immunofluorescence: for the presence of the surface (HBs) and the core (HBc) antigenic determinants foeterminants of the hepatitis B virus, of immunoglobulins and complement (C) deposits, and for the capacity to fix human C. Circumstantial evidence is presented suggesting that HBc immune-complexes are a relevant feature in the establishment and progression of chronic HBSAg liver disease. C fixation by liver cells was shown in all HBC positive patients with chronic hepatitis; an active form was present in every case, except two with a persistent hepatitis, an inverse ratio of HBc to C binding fluorescence being noted between active chronic hepatitis and cirrhotic patients. HBc without C fixation was observed in only three patients in the incubation phase of infectious hepatitis. IgG deposits were often found in HBc containing, C fixing nuclei. No C binding or IgG deposits were observed in acute self-limited type B hepatitis, in serologically positive patients with normal liver or minimal histological lesions, with and without HBs cytoplasmic fluorescence in their biopsy, or in serologically negative individuals.
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PMID:Complement fixing hepatitis B core antigen immune complexes in the liver of patients with HBs antigen positive chronic disease. 100 73

Immune mechanisms in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were investigated in 16 persons with and without hepatitis using tests for HBS Ag, anti-HBS, anti-HBC and 125I-labeled HBS Ag binding lymphocytes (ABL) in peripheral blood. Anti-HBC, which is an evidence of a recent or current HBV infection, was detected in all HBS Ag positive sera. High counts of ABL correlated with the presence of anti-HBS in serum but not with anti-HBC or with HBS Ag. In patients with chronic hepatitis, and in asymptomatic carriers of HBS Ag, there was a trend towards low counts of ABL, which may represent partial tolerance ot HBS Ag in carriers of this particle. Further work on ABL for HBS Ag and HBC Ag should enhance our understnading of immunologic responses to the antigens of the hepatitis B virus.
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PMID:Immunologic mechanisms in hepatitis B assayed by antigen-binding lymphocytes. 123 66

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) and antibodies to both the surface and core antigens of the hepatitis B virus (anti-HBS and anti-HBC) have been studied in 64 consecutive cases of fulminant hepatitis. HBSAg was detected by counterelectrophoresis in 23 (35-9%) but by radioimmunoassay in 38 (59-3%). Anti-HBS was detected by passive haemagglutination in 26 (40-6%), coexisting HBSAg and anti-HBS were found in 16 cases (25%). Using an indirect immunofluorescence technique, anti-HBC was found in all of the cases in whom either HBSAg or anti-HBS was present. The highest survival rate was observed in patients with no evidence of HBV infection (31-3%) and was lowest in those who had both HBSAg and anti-HBS detected simultaneously (6-2%). The prognosis of those who exhibited anti-HBS only was no better than those with HBSAg alone. In a further case, transient interruption of the asymptomatic chronic HBSAg carrier state with seroconversion to anti-HBS was associated with the development of a fulminant hepatitis syndrome. The results suggest that an unusually strong and rapid immune clearance of HBSAg may be involved in the pathogenesis of fulminant hepatitis.
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PMID:Hepatitis B antigen (HBSAg) and/or antibodies (anti-HBS and anti-HBC) in fulminant hepatitis: pathogenic and prognostic significance. 126 74

An outbreak of hepatitis in plasma donors occurred in a village of Hebei Province in the period of September to October 1985. The morbidity rate was 40.0% (26/65) in the plasma donors, which was significantly higher than that in whole blood donors (1/88) and in persons who were not blood donors (1/400). One to one paired survey was carried out, and the incidence was 46.4% (26/56) in the plasma donors, while there were no such outbreak in the control group. The distribution of cases showed positive correlation with the number of plasma donors from the production brigade. No secondary infection was found in their families. The peak of outbreak was about 2 months later than the peak of plasma donation. 26 cases of hepatitis in plasma donors all showed negative results for anti-HAV IgM, HBsAg, anti-HBC IgM, anti-CMV IgM and anti-EBV IgM. Sera of 25 cases were selected and sent to CDC, USA to confirm with Chiron C100 reagent. 24 cases were anti-HCV positive. This outbreak of hepatitis was demonstrated to be related to cross contamination during plasma donation.
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PMID:Epidemiologic investigation on an outbreak of hepatitis C. 178 16

Numerous studies have revealed the personal risk of contamination of the virus hepatitis B (HBV). Dental surgeons are chiefly concerned about their almost continual contact, professionally, with blood and saliva. The authors report the results of a study done at the Dental Institute of Dakar. This study revealed the importance of AgHBS and its different functions during the period of observation. A particular point of this study is to emphasis subjects of serology, notably AgHBS+ Anti HBC-, which produce an alternative virus. This study, which is being followed up, has already enabled the commencement of disease prevention programmes of hepatitis through the vaccination of some students: protecting both the dental surgeons and their patients.
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PMID:[Hepatitis B at the Dakar Dental School]. 227 Feb 7

To estimate the prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus ((HCV) and hepatitis virus (HBV) and the presence of infection, 101 patients receiving renal replacement therapy and 75 staff members caring for them were tested. Evaluation included detailed history, screening for anti-HCV antibody, HBV markers and liver enzymes 38% of patients were anti-HCV positives and 15 (40%) of these had antibodies to the hepatitis B core antigen indicating previous hepatitis B infection. Positive markers indicating HBV infection only, accounted for another 18% of patients. All staff members were anti-HCV negative, although 34 (45%) were anti-HBc positive. Age, sex and history of blood transfusions did not influence the prevalence of anti-HCV and anti-HBC in patients. There was, however, a significant difference in the prevalence of anti-HCV and anti-HBc positivity between polytransfused and occasionally transfused patients (p < 0.05). During a 24-months follow-up a decline was observed in HBs antigen carriers from 20% to 10% and in HBc antibody carriers from 47% to 33%. At the same time, regardless of accurate preventive measures, an increase in incidence of anti-HCV seropositivity from 30% to 38% was detected.
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PMID:Hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus infection in hemodialysis patients and staff: a two year follow-up. 751 83

Blood samples of 60 patients and 19 staff members were tested for serological markers of hepatitides B (HBV) and C (HBC) using the Vector-Best JSC enzyme immunoassay kits. HBV and HBC markers were found in 25 in 30% of patients and in 15.8 and 5.3% of staff members, respectively. Part of the sera with HBV and HBC markers were tested for the HBV and HBC RNAs by polymerase chain reaction. The findings confirm that donors should be more thoroughly tested for hepatitis markers, as well as the patients and staff of hematology departments.
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PMID:[Prevalence of serological markers for viral hepatitis B and C in patients and medical personnel in the hematologic ward of Novosibirsk city hospital No. 2]. 910 41

Here, we report a 35-year-old man with non-fulminant acute non A, non B, non C hepatitis which developed into acute renal failure. The patient was admitted to hospital with the chief complaints of general fatigue, nausea and a high-grade fever of 40 degrees C. Laboratory examination revealed severe liver dysfunction and renal insufficiency on admission: his serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase was 3.203 IU/ml, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase was 3.825 IU/ml, lactic dehydrogenase was 2.840 IU/ml, blood urea nitrogen was 65 mg/dl, and creatinine was 7.6 mg/dl. Hemodialysis was conducted during the initial 19-day period after admission because anuria was manifested on admission. On the 36th day after onset, renal functions returned to normal and the patient was negative for IgM-HA antibody. HBs antigen, IgM-HBC antibody, HCV antibody, cytomegalovirus antibody, and Epstein-Barr virus antibody. However, liver biopsy for histological examination on the 44th day after onset revealed no specific findings except the healing stage of acute hepatitis. Renal biopsy on the 49th day showed the healing stage of acute tubular necrosis without any glomerular change. It has been infrequently reported that acute renal failure develops following a non-fulminant acute state without hepatitis A, B or C virus infection. It is necessary to take acute renal failure into account in the clinical course of non-fulminant non A, non B, non C hepatitis.
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PMID:[Acute renal failure in non-fulminant acute hepatitis without hepatitis A, B or C virus infection]. 951 78

In order to determine the differences in histological grade of activity and the stage of fibrosis in patients with chronic liver diseases due to multiple hepatitis virus infection and single infection of HBV and HCV we assessed the 68 liver biopsies samples according to Knodell and Scheuer scoring systems. Retrospectively, 216 liver biopsies reports from consecutive patients with chronic viral hepatitis were analysed. Histological activity index (HAI) in HBV/HCV coinfection was higher than in a single HCV infection; it did not differ in groups of HBV/HBC and HBV. The difference was due to the interface hepatitis; lobular activity and portal inflammation were the same. In HDV superinfection HAI was high due to both portal-periportal and lobular hepatitis. HAI depended mainly upon the presence of HBV replication; in patients with chronic hepatitis C with HBV-DNA HAI was also higher than in single HCV group. No difference in HAI between triple and dual hepatitis virus infection was found. In patients with HBV/HCV coinfection and especially with HDV superinfection the advanced stages occurred more than often than in patients with single infections.
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PMID:[An evaluation of the degree of the morphological activity and the stage of the process in patients with chronic liver diseases caused by coinfection with the hepatitis B, C and/or D viruses]. 994 4


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