Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of lysosomotropic agent--sodium aurothiomalate on liver damage and lysosomal changes during acute toxic hepatitis was studied. Combined administration of sodium aurothiomalete led to less extensive necrosis and to widening dystrophic areas in the hepatic parenchyma. Solubilization of the acid RNA-ase activity was decreased, and nonsedimentable activities of beta-galactosidase, cathepsin D were the same as in acute CCl4-hepatitis.
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PMID:[Effect of sodium aurothiomalate in acute toxic hepatitis]. 40 45

Physical and chemical properties of the rat liver lysosomes with single Triton WR 1339 overloading were studied during the administration of a detergent to intact rats and those with acute toxic hepatitis. Administration of the latter to intact animals was accompanied by a reduction of the floating density of the particles, solubilization of the lysosome enzymes and by increased fragility of the particles in the hypotonic medium. Lysosomes of the hepatocytes in rats with toxic hepatitis also displayed signs of overloading of the vacuolar apparatus with the preparation administered. The most pronounced solubilization of the lysosomal enzymes beta-galactosidase, acid RNA-ase, cathepsin D--was noted in case of combined action of CCl4 and Triton WR 1339 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days after the CCl4 poisoning. Possible consequences of overloading of the vacuolar apparatus of the rat hepatocytes are discussed.
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PMID:[Role of vacuolar apparatus overload in lysosomal changes in liver cells in acute toxic hepatitis]. 42 73

Structural and functional changes in the dog liver and regional lymph nodes lysosomes were studied during toxic hepatitis induced by CCl4 administration (single and repeated). Total activity of lysosomal enzymes (acid RNA-ase and beta-galactosidase) was higher in the regional lymph nodes than in the liver, reflecting the barrier, protective function of the organ. During acute toxic hepatitis the specific activities of acid RNA-ase and cathepsin D displayed a sharp rise. No normalization of the indices under study occurred during the observation period (from 8 to 30 days). At the same time there was a rise of the regional lymph node weight and an elevation of the relative macrophage and neutrophil content in the sinuses. The increased activity of the lysosome enzymes in the regional lymph nodes in injury of the liver was connected with greater functional load on the lymph nodes effecting hydrolysis of biopolymeres which penetrated into the regional lymphatic node with the lymph.
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PMID:[Structuro-functional changes in dog liver and regional lymph node lysosomes in toxic hepatitis]. 70 70

Using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay, plasma total cathepsin D concentration was assayed in 40 breast cancer patients and 84 patients with various liver diseases and compared to that of 52 normal subjects. There were no significant variations found in breast cancer patients related to tumor size, node invasiveness or metastases. In normal women, cathepsin D levels were slightly but not significantly increased in the luteal phase and in pregnancy. By contrast, plasma cathepsin D concentration was significantly increased in 70-75% of patients with liver disease (cirrhosis, hepatocarcinoma, hepatitis), but not in those with liver steatosis. Cathepsin D was independent of most of the plasma hepatic function tests and was correlated with alpha-fetoprotein in cirrhosis and with alpha-fucosidase in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. We conclude that plasma cathepsin D is not a useful marker in breast cancer. However, since the cellular level of this protease is associated with risk of metastasis in breast cancer, clinical follow-up will be required to test whether high cathepsin D plasma concentration has any prognostic value in liver cirrhosis and primary hepatocarcinoma.
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PMID:Increased plasma cathepsin D concentration in hepatic carcinoma and cirrhosis but not in breast cancer. 166 31

An immunofluorescence technique using antibodies against the Fc and Fab fragments of human IgG (IgGH) was used to study the absorption of proteins by the intestinal epithelial cells of rainbow trout after oral or anal administration. Cellular absorption of a high molecular weight protein, hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg), was also studied by using two monoclonal antibodies, one specific for the confirmation of the antigen (implying disulfide bridges), and the other that reacts with the constituent polypeptides. Both absorbed IgGH and HBsAg were seen to be segregated in the apical vacuolar system, a characteristic feature of intestinal epithelial cells. The same antibodies were used with an everted sac technique in conjunction with immunofluorescence, to show the intravacuolar degradation of IgGH and HBsAg following absorption. By using an antibody against cathepsin D, it was possible to demonstrate, by immunofluorescence, the localization of this enzyme in the same vacuolar system. After coupling the antibody to peroxidase or to the protein A/colloidalgold complex, the ultrastructural antigenic sites of cathepsin D could be seen to be localized in the interior of the vacuoles. The vacuolar localization of a cathepsin B activity was determined by incubating sections of intestinal mucosa, or isolated epithelial cells, with a specific synthetic substrate (Z-Ala-Arg-Arg-methoxynaphthylamide). The supranuclear hyaloplasmic vacuoles of intestinal epithelial cells may be considered to be phagolysosomes that assure the degradation of absorbed proteins. This function may be of fundamental importance in the in the nutritional processes of this species.
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PMID:Immunological demonstration of intestinal absorption and digestion of protein macromolecules in the trout (Salmo gairdneri). 352 26

To define its pathogenesis, the acute degenerative hepatitis caused by frog virus 3 (FV3) has been reproduced in the rat, thus facilitating a greater number of biologic explorations than in the mouse. The histologic and ultrastructural study proves a massive hepatocellular necrosis perfectly compatible with the fatal outcome of the illness 30 hours after the inoculation of one LD100. Critical analysis of the FV3 rat hepatitis induces us to advance three arguments for excluding the direct role of the virus in hepatocytolysis. (1) The hepatocyte is neither the sole nor the first intrahepatic target of the virus. The endothelial barrier and especially the Kupffer cells are completely necrosed several hours prior to the appearance of the first signs of parenchymal cell disturbances. Morphologic observations and, in particular, the evolution in the site and chronology of the cytolysis are confirmed by the variation in the activity of cathepsin D, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and lactic dehydrogenase in serum. (2) There is a close correlation between the structural alterations in the hepatocyte nuclei and the inhibition in the synthesis of the liver macromolecules. But the discovery of a rat strain sensitive to the virus and another more resistant strain provides evidence that there is no relationship between the sensitivity to the lethal power of the FV3 and the metabolic disorders. (3) The ways in which the FV3 spreads throughout the organism do not explain why the liver is the sole organ attacked. A second etiopathogenic factor, only found in the liver, must be invoked. The possible role of the plasma complement, strongly activated, is suggested, along with that of other toxic substances which can no longer be cleared. The metabolic inhibition directly connected with the FV3 would thus result not in producing the hepatocytolysis but in rendering any cellular regeneration impossible.
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PMID:Frog virus 3 induces a fatal hepatitis in rats. 616 20

A procedure is described that allows the characterization of the molecular forms of beta-hexosaminidase and cathepsin D in controls and pathological specimens of human serum and human urine. The following observations were made. (1) In human serum, beta-hexosaminidase (alpha- and beta-chain) and cathepsin D are present predominantly in their high-molecular-weight precursor forms. In human urine, these enzymes exist as both precursor and mature forms. (2) Cathepsin D precursor from serum and urine differs in the number of oligosaccharides that are sensitive to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. Therefore the urine enzyme is not likely to originate from the serum. (3) The presence exclusively of precursors of beta-hexosaminidase and of cathepsin D in the sera of patients with hepatitis suggests that in hepatitis secretion of lysosomal enzymes is elevated, rather than the enzymes leaking from damaged cells. (4) In the urine of patients with nephrotic syndrome, beta-hexosaminidase and cathepsin D are present in grossly elevated amounts, but do not differ in the polypeptide patterns from controls. (5) In urine from a patient with mucolipidosis II, the elevated activity of beta-hexosaminidase is accounted for mainly by the precursor forms. Mature beta-chain of beta-hexosaminidase is lacking, and incompletely processed beta-hexosaminidase polypeptides are present. Both the precursor and the mature forms of cathepsin D are increased. They contain only complex oligosaccharides.
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PMID:Molecular forms of beta-hexosaminidase and cathepsin D in serum and urine of healthy subjects and patients with elevated activity of lysosomal enzymes. 622 25

Four to six days after colectomy, rats resisted a challenge of frog virus 3 that in sham-operated animals led to lethal hepatitis. Furthermore, the beneficial effect of colectomy was lost after intravenous administration of a dose of bacterial endotoxin as small as 0.01 100% lethal dose. The protection was related to neither a different distribution of the virus in body organs nor a stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system. The virus-induced early events--destruction of liver sinusoidal cells with leakage of cathepsin D into serum and inhibition of liver macromolecular synthesis--evolved similarly in both groups of rats. After an identical consumption of complement at the beginning of infection, a renewal in complement activity in the protected rats contrasted with an increasing deficiency in the control animals. The protective role of colectomy seems to be related to the suppression of the main source of bacterial endotoxin.
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PMID:Protective effect of colectomy in frog virus 3 hepatitis of rats: possible role of endotoxin. 713 Jul 48

Activity of acid hydrolases, acid phosphatase, cathepsin D, DNA- and RNAases in lysosomal fractions of liver tissue and peripheric blood lymphocytes as well as concentration of circulating immune complexes in blood serum were studied in thymectomized rats and in thymectomized rats with chronic heliotrinic hepatitis; thymosin and alimentary factors were used for treatment and correction of the impairments observed. The rate of thymus hormones deficiency was found to be responsible for impairments of functional activity of lysosomes in lymphocytes and liver tissue. Activation of the lysosomal enzymes studied was detected within early periods (40 days) after thymectomy, while a decrease in the enzymatic activity was observed within later periods and to the end of the experiment (190 and 370 days). Besides, concentration of circulating immune complexes was increased in liver tissue and the most distinct increase occurred within 370 days after thymectomy. Activity of lysosomal enzymes in liver tissue and lymphocytes and content of circulating immune complexes in blood were normalized in thymectomized animals after treatment with thymosin and alimentary factors.
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PMID:[Change in the state of liver lysosomes and lymphocytes during development of secondary immunodeficiency and in chronic toxic hepatitis]. 837 13

Immunopathological differences between autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and chronic hepatitis C (CH-C) have not been well investigated. Therefore, we immunohistochemically examined the expression of various cytokeratins (CKs) not only in liver tissues of AIH but also in those of CH-C at the active stage. Furthermore, to evaluate the immune surveillance system and the susceptibility to apoptosis, immunohistochemical staining of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRalpha, cathepsin D, B cell leukemia-2 (bcl-2), bcl-2-associated X protein (bax) and caspase 3 was also performed. Heterogeneous expression of CK 8 and CK 18 was observed in hepatocytes of AIH, while homogeneous expression was observed in hepatocytes of CH-C. Aberrant expression of CK 7 and CK 19 was observed in hepatocytes of AIH, while it was not in hepatocytes of CH-C. Expression of HLA-DRalpha was observed in hepatocytes of AIH but not in those of CH-C. Furthermore, expression of cathepsin D, bax and caspase 3 was much stronger in hepatocytes of AIH than in those of CH-C. These results indicate that cytoskeletal alterations of hepatocytes in AIH may increase the susceptibility to apoptosis and induce hepatocyte destruction.
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PMID:Aberrant cytokeratin expression and high susceptibility to apoptosis in autoimmune hepatitis. 1269 48


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