Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Peripheral blood and hepatic tissue T- and B-lymphocyte distributions, serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations, and hepatic AFP were studied in 46 patients undergoing diagnostic percutaneous liver biopsy. The patients included 26 with alcoholic liver disease, 13 with nonalcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis, and 7 with either normal histology or minor nonspecific changes. Serum AFP was determined by radioimmunoassay and hepatic tissue AFP by indirect immunofluorescence. Peripheral blood T lymphocytes were identified by the sheep red-cell rosette technique; and B lymphocytes by fluoresceinated anti-immunoglobulin antisera and IgG aggregates. Tissue identification of T lymphocytes was accomplished using an extensively absorbed rabbit antihuman thymocyte antiserum and indirect immunofluorescence; tissue B lymphocytes were identified using pepsin F (ab')2 fragments of rabbit IgG antibodies to human immunoglobulins. T lymphocytes predominanted in hepatic lymphoid infiltrates from patients with alcoholic liver disease (91+/-4%), whereas in patients with chronic active or chronic persistant hepatitis, viral hepatitis, or cryoptogenic cirrhosis proportions of T and B lymphocytic infiltrates were similar (50+/-15%). Hepatic tissue AFP was detected in 9 of 18 patients with alcoholic hepatitis; serum AFP concentration was increased in only 1 of these 9 patients. Tissue AFP was not observed in the remaining biopsy material nor were serum AFP concentrations increased. Peripheral blood T-cell numbers were significantly decreased in patients with alcoholic liver disease (P less than 0.01) and in nonalcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis (P less than 0.025). A close relationship between peripheral blood T-lymphocytopenia and hepatic T-cell infiltrates was observed in patients with alcoholic liver disease; this relationship was less apparent in patients with nonalcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis.
 ...
PMID:Localization of T and B cells and alpha fetoprotein in hepatic biopsies from patients with liver disease. 5 55

The risk of non-A, non-B hepatitis transmission by an intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparation was assessed in a prospective multicenter trial in 68 patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders (40 children or adolescents and 28 adults). During the 4-week prestudy evaluation period the clinical examinations and liver function tests including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin were normal in all patients. The treatment consisted of three infusions of 200 mg IVIG (pH 4; pepsin procedure) per kilogram body weight at 2-week intervals. During the observation period of 24 weeks following the first infusion of the study IVIG, the patients were monitored at regular time intervals. No clinical and laboratory signs of hepatitis or liver dysfunction were noticed. All patients completed the study. In 5 patients, one isolated alanine aminotransferase value and in another patient one gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase value were moderately elevated, but always below 2.5 times the upper limit of the reference range. Similar isolated and transient elevations were observed for aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. It was concluded that the IVIG preparation did not transmit non-A, non-B hepatitis or other viral liver diseases.
 ...
PMID:Safety of intravenous immunoglobulin preparations: a prospective multicenter study to exclude the risk of non-A, non-B hepatitis. 177 40

Significant percentages of patients suffering from non-A non-B hepatitis (43%) and B hepatitis (35%) were found to release an Ig-binding factor in their stools. This factor, which we called "protein F" was less frequently observed (20%) in patients suffering from other liver disorders, and was found in only 6.7% of healthy subjects (p less than 10(-7), less than 10(-4), and less than 0.03, respectively). The specificity of the detection test (a nonimmune ELISA-like assay) was confirmed by inhibition experiments. Binding was located on the F(ab) fragment of Ig, irrespectively of their isotype. Protein F was inactivated by pepsin, neuraminidase, and high concentrations of subtilisin, whereas it was resistant to trypsin and chymotrypsin. Molecular sieving by HPLC indicated an apparent molecular mass of 175 kDa. In preparative SDS-PAGE, the molecular mass was 85 kDa in favor of a dimer disrupted under dissociating conditions. Preparative IEF showed the isoelectric charge to lie between 3.9 and 4.1. Analysis of liver extracts from two patients suffering fron non-A non-B hepatitis, and from a transplant donor, revealed the presence of the factor in the three cases.
 ...
PMID:Protein F. A novel F(ab)-binding factor, present in normal liver, and largely released in the digestive tract during hepatitis. 224 21

Four patients (2 with X-linked, one with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia, and 1 with ulcerative colitis) developed non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) following administration of a specific batch of intravenous immunoglobulin (IV IgG) manufactured by the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service using the pH4/mild pepsin method. Each patient had normal serum ALT levels over a preceding period of 12-67 months, with raised values developing within 4-18 weeks of first administration of the implicated batch. Two patients had very mild symptoms of hepatitis, the other 2 being asymptomatic. Over a follow-up period of 8-12 months, ALT levels returned to normal in 3 patients, but biopsy-proven chronic NANBH developed in the fourth. The level of NANBH virus in the starting plasma used to manufacture this batch may have exceeded the capacity of the process to inactivate the virus. The transmission of NANBH by one of approximately 110 batches administered demonstrates the importance of continued close surveillance of recipients of IV IgG, even if asymptomatic, by regular monitoring of liver function tests and recording of all batches received.
 ...
PMID:Transmission of non-A, non-B hepatitis by pH4-treated intravenous immunoglobulin. 211 88

Human retroviruses causing AIDS (HIV) may occur in human plasma. Since HIV contaminated plasma cannot be completely excluded by testing for anti-HIV, AIDS safety of human plasma products can only be achieved by introducing HIV inactivating and/or eliminating methods into the manufacturing procedure. Here we review a number of methods used when manufacturing plasma derivatives at Behringwerke. These methods were previously developed either to produce a protein of required purity or to manufacture hepatitis safe products. Methods used to produce purer proteins are ethanol fractionation, pepsin treatment, affinity chromatography or various protein precipitation procedures. The method developed at Behringwerke for inactivating infectious viruses in plasma protein preparations not destroying the biological activities of the human protein is pasteurization, i.e. 10 h heat treatment of the aqueous protein solution at 60 degrees C. To investigate the HIV inactivating efficiency of the methods mentioned above, aliquots of an infectious HIV type 1 concentrate were added to a protein preparation, the resulting HIV spiked preparation treated according to the method to be studied and the amount of infectious HIV in this preparation determined before and after treatment. By all methods reported on here the HIV type 1 isolate was completely inactivated resulting in high inactivation factors. In addition, the heat stability of HIV type 2 was tested in aqueous solution at 60 degrees C proving that both HIV-1 and HIV-2 isolates are of comparably low heat stability under these conditions. From the results discussed here it can be concluded that all commercial human protein products of Behringwerke derived from either human plasma or placenta do not contain any infectious retrovirus causing AIDS and thus have a high margin of safety regarding the transmission of AIDS.
 ...
PMID:Inactivation of AIDS-causing retroviruses by the manufacturing procedures for human plasma proteins. 304 47

The intravenous immunoglobulin (IV. IgG) preparation used in this study is manufactured by the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service (SNBTS) by the pH 4/mild pepsin method. Recent reports suggest that non-A, non-B hepatitis may be transmitted by certain intravenous immunoglobulin preparations. Serum ALT levels were therefore measured prospectively in 16 patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia who received an intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy (SNBTS IV IgG) over a period ranging from 6 to 25 months. Retrospective analysis of serum ALT levels was also carried out in 8 patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia who received fresh frozen plasma (FFP) for periods ranging from 8 months to 13 years. There was no evidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis transmission by either SNBTS IV IgG or by FFP in all the patients studied.
 ...
PMID:Serum ALT levels in patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia receiving replacement therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin or fresh frozen plasma. 308 75

The incidence of hepatitis and HIV seroconversion has been examined in 64 patients receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (pepsin-treated at pH 4.0) for auto-immune thrombocytopenia. No evidence of HIV seroconversion has been detected. Five patients developed abnormal liver function following treatment. However, in no case could this be directly attributed to the treatment and no patient has developed chronic liver disease.
 ...
PMID:Safety of intravenous immunoglobulin for treatment of auto-immune thrombocytopenia. 312 79

We present a case of severe pneumonia by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, whose clinical course was complicated by immunodepression, hepatitis and deep venous thrombosis. Treatment with pepsin-treated human immunoglobulins was unsuccessful, whereas prompt recovery was obtained by infusion of human immunoglobulins treated at pH 4.
 ...
PMID:[A severe case of bronchial pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae accompanied by immunosuppression, thrombophlebitis and hepatitis resolved with human immunoglobulins]. 383 24

In a prospective clinical and biochemical study of 16 patients treated with high doses of an immunoglobulin product that had been modified for intravenous use by mild pepsin treatment at pH 4 no evidence of hepatitis could be found. This contrasts with recent reports that intravenous immunoglobulin products can apparently transmit non-A, non-B hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:Safety of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. 393 89

Although aflatoxicosis in Coturnix coturnix japonica has been described, the histochemical localization of liver chemicals and the occurrence of ingested aflatoxins within blood, feces, and liver have not been described. Six to 8-week-old quail, which were intubated with a carrier with or without .3 mg mixed aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2)/kg body weight were sacrificed within .25 to 5 days of intubation. Deparaffinized sections of livers were stained for lipids, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and proteins. Other livers and excrement were homogenized and filtered homogenates as well as blood partitioned against chloroform. The aqueous phase was treated with pepsin and then partitioned, but the organic phase was analyzed directly. Organic phases of .25 to 5 day blood, feces, and liver lacked aflatoxins. Pepsin digesta of blood from males and females dosed 6 hr appeared to contain aflatoxicol (disappeared by 24 hr) and an unknown fluorescent compound, respectively. Whereas an unidentified fluorescent compound was observed within excrement of males dosed 6 hr, female excrement contained a fluorescent compound with an AFB1 Rf (disappeared by 24 hr). Although the liver of males dosed 6 hr had three fluorescent compounds (Rfs for AFB1 and AFB2a), only one was seen within dosed females. Ultra violet absorption spectra of presumed AFB2a and aflatoxicol failed to yield their reported absorption maxima. Livers from dosed quail exhibited bile duct proliferation, cellular necrosis, vacuolization, congestion, fatty changes and mild hepatitis. Sinusoidal membranes were thickened and contained abundant periodic acid-Schiff's (PAS)-positive substances. Although livers of nondosed quail abounded with regularly shaped and uniformly distributed, Sudan IV-positive droplets, livers of dosed quail accommodated few, irregularly-shaped and positioned droplets. Hepatocyte nuclei and nucleoli of dosed quail displayed marked affinities for the Feulgen reagent and toluidine blue O, respectively. Lobules of dosed quail possessed concentrations of cells in which their entire cytoplasm was PAS positive. Treatment of sections with alpha-amylase reduced staining suggesting the presence of glycogen. Ninhydrin-positive substances were distributed throughout the liver in both DQ and non DQ with no apparent difference in intensities between the two livers. Generally the DQ showed mild hepatitis due to aflatoxicosis and the toxin altered liver histochemistry for the major classes of cellular chemicals.
 ...
PMID:Histochemical analysis of liver cells from short term, aflatoxin-dosed and nondosed Coturnix coturnix japonica. 1. Aflatoxin-sensitive quail. 666 1


1 2 Next >>