Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of lysosomotropic agent--sodium aurothiomalate on liver damage and lysosomal changes during acute toxic hepatitis was studied. Combined administration of sodium aurothiomalete led to less extensive necrosis and to widening dystrophic areas in the hepatic parenchyma. Solubilization of the acid RNA-ase activity was decreased, and nonsedimentable activities of beta-galactosidase, cathepsin D were the same as in acute CCl4-hepatitis.
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PMID:[Effect of sodium aurothiomalate in acute toxic hepatitis]. 40 45

Physical and chemical properties of the rat liver lysosomes with single Triton WR 1339 overloading were studied during the administration of a detergent to intact rats and those with acute toxic hepatitis. Administration of the latter to intact animals was accompanied by a reduction of the floating density of the particles, solubilization of the lysosome enzymes and by increased fragility of the particles in the hypotonic medium. Lysosomes of the hepatocytes in rats with toxic hepatitis also displayed signs of overloading of the vacuolar apparatus with the preparation administered. The most pronounced solubilization of the lysosomal enzymes beta-galactosidase, acid RNA-ase, cathepsin D--was noted in case of combined action of CCl4 and Triton WR 1339 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days after the CCl4 poisoning. Possible consequences of overloading of the vacuolar apparatus of the rat hepatocytes are discussed.
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PMID:[Role of vacuolar apparatus overload in lysosomal changes in liver cells in acute toxic hepatitis]. 42 73

Structural and functional changes in the dog liver and regional lymph nodes lysosomes were studied during toxic hepatitis induced by CCl4 administration (single and repeated). Total activity of lysosomal enzymes (acid RNA-ase and beta-galactosidase) was higher in the regional lymph nodes than in the liver, reflecting the barrier, protective function of the organ. During acute toxic hepatitis the specific activities of acid RNA-ase and cathepsin D displayed a sharp rise. No normalization of the indices under study occurred during the observation period (from 8 to 30 days). At the same time there was a rise of the regional lymph node weight and an elevation of the relative macrophage and neutrophil content in the sinuses. The increased activity of the lysosome enzymes in the regional lymph nodes in injury of the liver was connected with greater functional load on the lymph nodes effecting hydrolysis of biopolymeres which penetrated into the regional lymphatic node with the lymph.
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PMID:[Structuro-functional changes in dog liver and regional lymph node lysosomes in toxic hepatitis]. 70 70

Hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) is the only known protein of hepatitis delta virus and was previously shown to localize in the nucleoplasm of infected liver cells. In this study, nuclear localization signals of HDAg were defined by expressing various domains of the antigen in both hepatic and nonhepatic cells as beta-galactosidase fusion proteins. A cytochemical staining assay demonstrated that a domain from amino acid residues 35 to 88 of HDAg was able to facilitate transport to the nucleus of the originally cytoplasm-localized protein beta-galactosidase. Two nuclear localization signals, NLS1 and NLS2, which are similar to those of simian virus 40 T antigen and polyomavirus T antigen, respectively, were identified. Either NLS1 or NLS2 alone was sufficient for the nuclear transport of HDAg. However, a fusion protein (N65Z) containing beta-galactosidase and the N-terminal 65 amino acids of HDAg, containing NLS1, was localized exclusively in the cytoplasm and perinuclear region. A possible hydrophobic subdomain between amino acid residues 50 and 65 may block the function of NLS1. Nevertheless, N65Z could enter the nuclei of transfected cells when it was coexpressed with full-length HDAg. Entry into the nucleus may be mediated by the coiled-coil structure rather than the putative leucine zipper motif located between amino acid residues 35 and 65. The existence of two independent nuclear localization signals may ensure the proper functioning of HDAg in the multiplication of delta virus in the nucleus. In addition, two putative casein kinase II sites (SRSE-5 and SREE-126) that may be important in controlling the rate of nuclear transport were found in HDAg.
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PMID:Nuclear localization signals, but not putative leucine zipper motifs, are essential for nuclear transport of hepatitis delta antigen. 152 50

ELISA detection of a hepatitis-E-virus-associated antigen (HEV-AAg) in stools was reappraised for its possible interference with a new Fab-binding factor, termed protein Fv, released during infectious hepatitis. Transaminase elevation, HEV-AAg discharge and Fv leakage appeared simultaneously in a Cercopithecus monkey inoculated with infected stools. Labelled normal, or immune human IgG, were compared with pre- and post-inoculation simian IgG, for HEV-AAg and Fv detection. Coated normal and patient human IgM were also compared to pre- and post-inoculation simian IgM in HEV-AAg and Fv capture assays. Simian IgM and beta-galactosidase-labelled simian IgG minimized Fv interference and appeared to be the best adapted system for HEV-AAg detection. Nevertheless, Fv was still the cause of false-positive interpretations in some cases; therefore adsorption with monoclonal IgM was required to ensure HEV specificity. The improved test was performed on stools from 30 Senegalese patients hospitalized for various sporadic attacks of viral hepatitis. HEV-AAg was detected in 6 out of 30 cases and no positivity was observed in patients suffering from hepatitis due to HAV, HBV, cytomegalovirus or Epstein-Barr virus. The specificity of the assay was confirmed by inhibition experiments with the sera from HEV-infected patients. Hence, this inhibition assay can also be used to detect serum antibodies to HEV-AAg.
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PMID:Hepatitis-E-virus-associated antigen: improved detection in stools by protein Fv removal. 166 35

The fragment gene of enterically-transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis virus (ET-NANBHV) was cloned as a cDNA and inserted into an expression vector pUEX2. The recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli HB101 as a fusion protein with beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal). The fusion protein reacted with the sera of infected cynomolgus monkeys and of patients from Myanmar. This reaction was highly related with ET-NANBHV infection, and obviously demonstrates in that the recombinant protein can be used for the detection of ET-NANBHV infection.
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PMID:Cloning and expression of cDNAs from enterically-transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis virus. 178 55

A prokaryotic vector, pGE374, containing the recA and lacZ genes, out-of-frame, was used for the expression of cDNA derived from the putative polymerase-encoding gene of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59). The pGE374/viral recombinant vector generates a tripartite bacterial/viral protein composed of a segment of the RecA protein at the N terminus, the coronaviral sequences in the middle, and an enzymatically active beta-galactosidase at the C terminus. Rabbits immunized with such recombinant proteins generated antibodies to the MHV-A59 portion of the tripartite protein. Because the MHV-A59 polymerase proteins have been difficult to identify during infection, we used a novel method to demonstrate the viral specificity of the antiserum. The viral cDNA was excised from the expression vector, and transferred to a pGem vector, downstream from and in-frame with a portion of the cat gene. This construct contained a bacteriophage RNA polymerase promoter that enabled the cell-free synthesis of a fusion protein that was used to verify that antibodies were generated to the expressed viral DNA. This strategy was shown to successfully result in the specific generation of antibodies to the encoded information of the viral cDNA. Furthermore, this method has general applicability in the generation and characterization of antibodies directed against proteins encoded in cDNAs.
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PMID:A general method for the induction and screening of antisera for cDNA-encoded polypeptides: antibodies specific for a coronavirus putative polymerase-encoding gene. 256 Jul 56

cDNA prepared from the single-stranded circular RNA genome of hepatitis delta virus was cloned in lambda gt11 by using RNA from the liver of an infected woodchuck. From the sequence of overlapping clones, we assembled the full sequence of 1,679 nucleotides. The sequence indicated an exceptional ability for intramolecular base pairing, yielding a rod structure with at least 70% of the bases paired and a predicted free energy of -805 kcal (-3,368 kJ)/mol. Three of the lambda clones contained sequences that were not only expressed as fusion proteins with beta-galactosidase but were recognized by human hepatitis delta virus-specific antibody. These clones were sequenced so as to establish the reading frame of the delta antigen on the antigenomic strand. The fusion protein produced by one clone was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and then was used to raise rabbit antibodies specific for the delta antigen.
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PMID:Molecular cloning of hepatitis delta virus RNA from an infected woodchuck liver: sequence, structure, and applications. 336 26

A segment from the pre-s region of the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) was inserted into an open reading frame vector allowing for the expression in Escherichia coli of viral determinants as part of a fusion protein. The bacterially synthesized fusion molecule contained eight amino acids from beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) at the N terminus, followed by 89 pre-s-encoded amino acids and 219 amino acids of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) at the C terminus (beta-gal:pre-s:CAT). This tribrid protein was used to generate antiserum which had a significant titer to the viral portion of the fusion polypeptide. Anti-beta-gal:pre-s:CAT was used in Western blot analysis to identify viral proteins containing pre-s-encoded determinants. Antiserum to the tribrid molecule recognized four WHV polypeptides with molecular masses of 33, 36, 45, and 47 kilodaltons, each of which was also recognized by a monoclonal antibody to WHV surface antigen. Using the same anti-tribrid serum, we also identified analogous polypeptides from ground squirrel hepatitis virus. The antiserum was also used to immunoprecipitate virus particles containing endogenous DNA polymerase activity, indicating that pre-s determinants are found on the surface of mature virions. Based on previous computer studies and the location of pre-s-encoded molecules on the surface of virus particles, a role in hepadnavirus host cell entry is suggested for these polypeptides.
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PMID:Identification and localization of pre-s-encoded polypeptides from woodchuck and ground squirrel hepatitis viruses. 394 37

We previously developed a method for introducing foreign genes into liver tissue using liposomes with incorporated hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ, Sendai virus), and found that liver cells transfected with the E. coli beta-galactosidase gene or the gene for hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface protein (HBsAg) expressed these proteins in vivo. Here, we analyzed cellular reactions leading to hepatitis in the liver by expressing the genes of HBV in vivo. Lymphocytes were eluted directly from liver transfected with the HBsAg genes and shown to be cytotoxic only to cells expressing HBsAg in vitro. These lymphocytes were identified as cytotoxic T lymphocytes with the CD4- CD8+ phenotype. Transfer of these lymphocytes to transgenic mice with the whole HBV genome led to elevation of the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) level, indicating the induction of hepatitis due to the cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo. Similarly, direct transfer of the gene for the HBV secretory core protein (HBeAg) induced expression of HBeAg in hepatocytes and the appearance of antibody against HBeAg in the serum. However, using this system, we found that the lymphocytes infiltrating the transfected liver showed no cytotoxicity specific for HBeAg. These results indicate that expression of HBsAg, one of the components of virions, in animal liver induced hepatitis efficiently through generation of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) without any expression of the other viral components. This in vivo experimental system should be useful for evaluating how expression of a given gene induces cellular reactions and intrinsic functions in the living body.
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PMID:Use of the hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposome method for analysis of infiltrating lymphocytes induced by hepatitis B virus gene expression in liver tissue. 839 62


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