Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis-B-virus (HBV)-markers in STD patients and the significance of promiscuous heterosexual activity as a risk factor for the transmission of HBV, a serological screening was performed in 499 patients, in addition to the routine STD diagnostic programme. Two groups of patients were evaluated: group 1 (120 patients) was drawn from the STD clinic of the Public Health Office (PHO), group 2 (379 patients) from a private STD outpatient clinic. Promiscuous activity was reported significantly more often by persons of group 1 than by those attending the private clinic (59.3% vs. 5.1%). The infection rate of gonorrhea, syphilis and Chlamydia trachomatis was high in patients of the PHO (46.7%, 35.3%, 27.5%) whereas most of the STDs were seldom ascertained in patients of the private clinic (1.1%, 0%, 5.6%). Similar to other STDs, the prevalence of HBV markers differed significantly between patients of the PHO and those of the private clinic (33.3% vs. 6.3%; p = .0000). Comparison of HBV and other STDs showed the highest coincidence of HBV markers in patients with serological evidence of syphilis (44.2%), and in one third of patients with Neisseria gonorrhoeae as well as HIV infection. The data obtained in the present study demonstrate that also in Austria, in addition to homosexual preference and drug abuse, promiscuous heterosexual activity must be considered a substantial risk factor for the transmission of HBV.
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PMID:Coincidence of hepatitis B-virus markers and other sexually transmitted diseases in different STD-risk groups. 161 Dec 11

In the US and northern Europe, the prevalence of pregnant syphilitic women is estimated at .1-.6%, while in South Africa it was 7.6% in 1982. In 1978, there 108 cases in the US which increased to 268 reported cases in 1985. The increase of congenital syphilis (CS) by 25% from 1985 to 1988 was attributed to the spread of crack cocaine in the US. The rate was 10.5 cases/100,000 live births in the US during this period, a 21% increase. In contrast, in the Netherlands there were 2.5 cases/100,000 live births during 1982-85. Clinical symptoms appear 3 weeks after birth, but some are present at birth such as hepatosplenomegaly, bloated abdomen, cutaneous lesions, and nasal discharge turning into purulent rhinitis. Anemia occurs in 90% of children with CS. Generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly with hepatomegaly, and syphilitic hepatitis may also occur. Syphilitic skeletal abnormalities include osteochondritis, periostitis, osteomyelitis, and osteitis. Meningovascular syphilis produces nervous system effects. CS complications include nephrotic syndrome and acute glomerulonephritis. Ocular abnormalities are caused by treponemes found in the cornea, sclera, uvea, retina and the optic nerve. Chorioretinitis and iridocyclitis are common ocular lesions. The pathogen Treponema pallidum can be diagnosed by dark field microscopy, by immunofluorescence, or by histopathological examination of silver-stained preparations. Pregnancy women with syphilis are treated with penicillin although failures have been reported after single or 2 or 3 in administrations of 2.4 MU benzathine penicillin and after giving tetracycline in 3rd trimester pregnancy. The CDC recommendation for treating infants with CS is iv 50,000 U/kg penicillin G every 8-12 hours for 10-14 days or im 50,000 U procaine penicillin once daily for 10-14 days. Single administration of 50,000 U/kg benzathine penicillin is recommended for newborn children whose mothers have been treated with erythromycin.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Congenital syphilis. 161 61

Premofil M SRK, licensed in Switzerland by the IKS since mid-1990, was clinically tested in close collaboration with 7 hemophilia treatment centers. Up to May 1991, we collected results of in vivo recovery from 17 patients, half-life determinations from 12, and safety data from 9 who were exclusively treated with the preparation for several months. The mean in vivo recovery of factor VIII was calculated to be 77 +/- 14%; the rise in factor VIII activity in plasma following injection of one unit/kg body weight was 1.6 +/- 0.3 units/dl. The mean halflife was 11.9 +/- 4.6 hours. No side reactions were registered throughout the study period. None of the patients showed any signs of HIV or hepatitis infection. It can bei concluded that Premofil M SRK fulfills the requirements related to tolerance, efficacy and safety for a factor VIII concentrate.
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PMID:[Clinical testing of Premofil M SRK, a blood coagulation factor VIII concentrate purified from human plasma using monoclonal an antibodies]. 194 60

2405 high risk subjects (1193 patients attending STD clinics, 1012 blood donors and 200 hospital personnel) and 500 apparently healthy individuals representing all the twelve districts of the State of Himachal Pradesh were screened for HBs Ag employing reverse passive haemagglutination (RPHA) technique. HBs Ag positivity was found to be 6.77 per cent in test groups and 3.6 per cent in the control group. Maximum positivity was found in STD patients (9.55 per cent) followed by hospital personnel (8 per cent) and blood donors (3.26 per cent). The highest incidence was noticed in district Kullu and no positive case was found in Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh. Remedial measures for prevention of Hepatitis-B virus infection have been emphasized.
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PMID:Incidence of australia antigen (HBs Ag) in Himachal Pradesh. 209 21

Antibodies against thymus epithelial cells (anti-TEC) and the basal cell layer (BCLA) of squamous epithelia have been described in association with HDV-related chronic liver disease (CLD). Data are lacking on their presence during nAnB virus infection. Sera from 51 patients with nAnB post-transfusion hepatitis, including acute and chronic cases diagnosed during a prospective study on candidates for cardiac surgery, and 167 with various forms of CLD were tested for the presence of anti-TEC and BCLA using indirect immunofluorescence on human thymus and rat forestomach sections. Both antibodies mainly occurred in nAnB, HDV and cryptogenic CLD (anti-TEC: 51%, 47% and 42%; BCLA: 29%, 38% and 31%, respectively). The prevalence of anti-TEC in nAnB CLD turned out to be higher than that recorded in alcoholic, HBV-related, autoimmune, liver and kidney microsomal antibody positive CLD and primary biliary cirrhosis (p ranging from less than 0.03 to less than 0.0004). Two monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to cytokeratins gave a pattern superimposable on that of spontaneous anti-TEC (both Mabs) and BCLA (only one). Antibodies against epithelial constituents, presumably targeting cytokeratin-associated antigens, occur not only in HDV CLD, as previously reported, but also in nAnB CLD, where they might represent a diagnostic aid, due to the unavailability of reliable serological markers of nAnB infection. The close similarity of anti-TEC and BCLA status between nAnB and cryptogenic CLD suggests a nAnB etiology of at least a proportion of chronic liver patients at present scored as cryptogenic.
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PMID:Serum antibodies to thymus epithelial cells in non-A, non-B and cryptogenic chronic liver disease. 247 4

The vast majority of pediatric RBC hypoplastic anemias are accounted for by red blood cell aplasia associated with chronic hemolysis, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, and transient erythroblastopenia of childhood. However, other causes of hypoplastic anemia occur in children, and some of these are similar to what is seen in adult RBC aplasia. For example, it has been reported that a 5-year-old girl with an aregenerative anemia had a thymoma and later developed pancytopenia. RBC aplasia also has been seen in children receiving anticonvulsant drug therapy, children recovering from severe protein malnutrition, children with hepatitis, and in children with leukemia during maintenance therapy. In addition, it is not uncommon for pediatric hematologists to observe children with RBC aplasia where there is no obvious diagnosis, although many are considered to be variants of Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Several important questions about RBC hypoplastic anemias in children need to be resolved; it is hoped that this will be accomplished in the next decade. Do RBC hypoplastic crises associated with hemolytic anemia occur with viral infections other than HPV? What is the cellular pathophysiology in DBA and TEC? Does the apparent heterogeneity of these disorders reflect limitations of laboratory techniques or are we looking at several different diseases? Is acute leukemia a real complication of Diamond-Blackfan anemia? Is TEC a completely benign entity or will we see other long-term problems in these children? Is the incidence of TEC actually increasing? Will TEC-like problems be seen in other aged children? As a case in point, we recently observed a 16-year-old girl who presented with pure RBC aplasia that required RBC transfusion support for 5 months; she also received prednisone therapy. After 7 months, however, this young lady had a spontaneous remission, and now 4 years later she is normal and free of any hematologic abnormalities. This was a most unusual event in our experience and, in view of the apparent increasing incidence of TEC in young children, we queried whether we were observing an adolescent equivalent of this disorder. During the next several years the answer to this and the other questions posed herein should be available.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of red cell aplasia in children. 312 94

Sixty-five medical personnel thought to be exposed to hepatitis-B-surface antigen (HBs) positive material by accidental needle stick were treated with 4 ml hepatitis B-immunoglobulin (SRK, Swiss Red Cross). The prophylaxis was started as soon as possible, mostly within an hour or two. 56 patients were followed up with clinical and serological tests at monthly intervals for 9 months. In individuals exposed to HBs-antigen negative material, signs of HBV-infection could be detected only in one. In 36 cases potentially infectious material proved to be HBs-Ag positive. Six of the medical personnel (16.7%) had signs of hepatitis B-virus infection. One individual (2.8%) developed clinical hepatitis type B. Three (8.3%) converted to active hepatitis B markers (anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc) without clinical symptoms. Two of four who already had anti-HBs before exposure developed antibodies to HBc afresh at three- and six-month intervals. These serological conversions and the one case of clinical hepatitis developed despite the fact that HB-Ig was given in nearly all cases within one hour of exposure. The incubation period was 5-8 months. It is concluded that even rapid prophylaxis with HB-Ig after needle stick exposure does not afford 100% protection. It is urged that any passive prophylaxis with HB-Ig in exposed personnel should be complemented by active hepatitis B immunization.
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PMID:[Can prevention of hepatitis B following exposure to hepatitis virus be improved by immediate administration of HB immune serum?]. 687 37

In order to manage the increased workload resulting from post vaccination hepatitis antibody testing of health care workers, the anti-hepatitis B ELISA assay ETI-AB-AUK (Sorin Biomedica), adapted for quantification using standards available as an addition to the qualitative kit assay (ABAU-STD-SET, (Sorin Biomedica)) and a sample pre-dilution step, was compared with a fully automated microparticle enzyme immunoassay IMX AUSAB (Abbott Laboratories), and a semi-automated enhanced luminescence system (Amerlite Amersham, now Kodak). Seventy-eight samples were concurrently tested and analysed statistically using a Regression Coefficient computer package (Apple Mackintosh Cricket). Good quantitative agreement was observed with ELISA vs IMX giving a linear correlation coefficient (r = 0.96). The linear correlation coefficient for ELISA vs Amerlite was r = 0.77. This study validates the use of the automated IMX system and allows the comparison of IMX results with previous 'semi-quantitative' ELISA results when longitudinally assessing patients response to a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.
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PMID:Comparison of an ELISA system for the quantification of hepatitis B antibody with an automated and a semi-automated system. 827 Jun 56

To identify the prevalence of serologic markers of hepatitis B and hepatitis C among rural prehospital providers, a prospective descriptive study was conducted of a rural county emergency medical services (EMS) system. Participants included 107 prehospital care providers: 102 EMT-Bs, 1 paramedic, and 4 law enforcement first responders. Blood samples taken from prehospital care providers were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (HBsAb), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAb), and antibody to hepatitis C (anti-HC). The 107 providers had a total of 635 years of EMS experience (5.93 years per subject). Three providers (3%) had received previous blood transfusions, 7 (7%) had worked in a metropolitan area, and 6 (6%) had multiple sexual partners prior to the study. No provider reported intravenous drug use or known homosexual or bisexual contact. Only one sample tested positive for hepatitis C antibody (anti-HC) and hepatitis surface antibody (HBsAb). Rural prehospital care personnel have a low prevalence (0.9%) of exposure to hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Despite this fact, continued vigilance should be maintained in preventing transmission of bloodborne illnesses.
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PMID:Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C among rural emergency medical care personnel. 914 78

The immune system of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is in a state of chronic activation; however, the nature of HIV-related immune activation is unknown. As normal T-cell activation involves early tyrosine phosphorylation induced by the T-cell antigen receptor-associated src-family protein tyrosine kinase p59(fyn(T)) (Fyn), we examined a potential role for this kinase in HIV-related immune dysfunction. We determined the relative specific kinase activity of Fyn in lysates of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 47 normal control individuals tested negative for HIV-1 and -2, human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type I, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis; 14 asymptomatic HIV-infected patients having near-normal CD4+ T-cell counts (350 to 980 CD4+ cells/microL); 4 patients with symptomatic acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (<30 CD4+ cells/microL); 13 patients having chronic infection with HBV (6 patients) or HCV (7 patients); and 6 patients with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE). All patients with asymptomatic HIV disease were shown to have a profound increase (mean increase of 19-fold; range threefold to 56-fold increase; p = 1.33 x 10(-9)) in the relative specific kinase activity of Fyn compared to uninfected controls or patients with hepatitis or SLE. In contrast, patients with AIDS had an Fyn-specific kinase activity that was much less affected (mean increase of threefold; range onefold to sevenfold increase; p = 1.30 x 10(-5)). It was further shown that HIV infection affects the Fyn-specific kinase activity in CD8+-enriched cells, suggesting abnormal Fyn activity in both CD8+ as well as CD4+ T lymphocytes. Initial results implicate a role for the CSK protein tyrosine kinase as responsible for the abnormal Fyn kinase activity observed in HIV-infected patients. These data indicate early and chronic activation of Fyn as a unique HIV-related effect that has the potential to be diagnostic for early HIV infection and/or may serve as a prognostic indicator for advancement to full-blown AIDS. More importantly, sustained activation of the protein tyrosine kinase associated with T-cell antigen receptor function may result in, or contribute to, the immunopathogenic effects associated with HIV infection.
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PMID:Increased enzymatic activity of the T-cell antigen receptor-associated fyn protein tyrosine kinase in asymptomatic patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. 934 44


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