Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Post-infusion hepatitis is known to occur very frequently in haemophiliacs after treatment with unheated commercial clotting factor concentrates, obtained from large plasma donation pool. On the contrary, single-donor cryoprecipitate is likely to carry a lower risk of transmitting hepatitis. To evaluate this hypothesis, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 25 first infused haemophiliacs (from 1981 to 1984) treated with unheated commercial clotting factor concentrates (n = 19) or cryoprecipitate (n = 6). The hepatitis-free interval after the beginning of therapy was expressed as exposure days. The end point of each patient, i.e. the hepatitis occurrence, was defined as an increase of amino-transferases (ALT and AST) and/or the seroconversion of HBV-markers, which were checked every three months. The life-table method and log-rank test showed that cryoprecipitates had a significantly longer hepatitis-free interval (p = 0.0131, log-rank test) and a lower risk of transmitting hepatitis (p = 0.01-0.05, life-table method) than the commercial concentrates. However, the safety of cryoprecipitate therapy was shown to cover only a few exposure days, and so the real advantage of this product depends on the bleeding frequency of the patient concerned. We believe that these methods and our findings may be useful to assess and compare the safety of the new "heat-treated" clotting factor concentrates.
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PMID:Hepatitis-free interval after clotting factor therapy in first infused haemophiliacs. 356 60

Measurement of serial aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)--formerly GOT and GPT--in both serum and urine, were carried out in rats with hepatocellular injury induced by ingestion of carbon tetrachloride. Contrary to the accepted clinical observations, the AST was initially higher than the serum ALT. Also, the clearance of AST from blood to urine was more rapid than that of ALT. This difference in enzyme excretion resulted in a more persistent elevation of ALT than of AST in the serum after hepatic injury. The persistent elevation of serum ALT correlates well with the timing of the clinical observation of higher ALT in patients with hepatitis.
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PMID:Alteration in aminotransferase levels in rats after acute hepatic injury. 358

Increased alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST) serum levels are usually considered expressions of cellular necrosis, especially in hepatocytes. They represent cellular damage due to burn which, according to many authors, becomes normal before discharge of patients. We studied 43 consecutive burned patients, both during and after recovery, from a minimum of 120 to a maximum of 640 days, and an average of 18.62 blood samples were taken from each patient. Hepatitis A and B markers were tested. Results showed a 67.44% increase in aminotransferases in patients during recovery and a 25.58% increase after discharge. No neopositivity was observed for hepatitis A and B markers. We therefore conclude that the increase of enzymes during recovery expresses a toxic-infective phase and this increase, contrary to what was believed, does not always drop to normal values at time of discharge. Instead, after discharge, higher values can be a manifestation of a Non-A Non-B hepatitis.
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PMID:Alanine and aspartate aminotransferase serum levels in burned patients: a long-term study. 361 54

Although copper is believed to be hepatotoxic in Wilson's disease and Indian Childhood Cirrhosis (ICC), the rat shows only minimal hepatic damage on copper-loading. To investigate the possibility that copper deposition may potentiate the effects of a superimposed hepatitis, D-galactosamine (GalN) was given to copper-loaded and control rats. In the non-copper-dosed rats, GalN 0.85 g/kg i.p. produced elevated serum AST (3731 +/- 545 IU/l; normal 64.8 +/- 2.1), ALT (2090 +/- 190 IU/l; normal 18.0 +/- 0.7), and OCT (16.7 +/- 2.6 mmol/min/ml; normal 0.12 +/- 0), and liver cell necrosis with portal infiltration. In rats whose liver copper was elevated to 1298 +/- 169 micrograms/g (control 18.7 +/- 1.7) by oral copper supplementation, GalN produced much smaller increases in AST (825 +/- 122 IU/l), ALT (103 +/- 15 IU/l) and OCT (0.27 +/- 0.02 mmol/min/ml) and minimal histological damage. Viable bacterial cell counts from faecal homogenates showed that the anaerobically cultured bacteria were reduced on copper-dosing of rats. Therefore the protective effect of copper may be due to a decrease in gut-derived endotoxin acting on the liver, or to an impaired prostaglandin synthesis or perhaps to synthesis of acute phase reactants.
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PMID:Copper protects against galactosamine-induced hepatitis. 365 8

'Arogyavardhini'-an indigenous formulation was evaluated for its hepatoprotective activity in rats, using two models of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) hepatic damage, one simulating vital hepatitis and the other simulating fatty change. The protective effect was assessed from serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase levels and from histopathological changes in liver. The results revealed that 'Arogyavardhini' (5 mg/100g, PO daily) was effective in minimizing the changes in serum levels of AST and alkaline phosphatase induced by CCI. The protective effect was also evident on histopathological examination.
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PMID:Effect of 'Arogyavardhini' against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage in albino rats. 366 71

Abnormal liver chemistries, unexplained fevers, or hepatomegaly prompted 36 liver biopsies on 34 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The most common finding was the presence of hepatic granulomas, seen in 13 of the biopsy specimens. Eight of these granulomas were ill-defined, and 5 were more clearly associated with mycobacterial disease. Portal fibrosis and fatty infiltration were common, but a paucity of significant inflammatory activity was seen despite elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels, perhaps related to the underlying immunoincompetent status. Other noteworthy histopathologic findings included 1 patient each with peliosis hepatis and cryptococcal hepatitis. Electron-microscopic evidence of cytoplasmic tubular structures or viral particles were seen within the hepatocytes of 2 patients. It is concluded that a broad spectrum of hepatic histopathology may be seen in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and that liver biopsy may be diagnostically valuable in the clinical investigation of such patients.
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PMID:The spectrum of liver disease in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 372 95

The prevalence of delta coinfection in course of acute B hepatitis has been studied in two periods (September-November 1984: 51 cases; April-June 1985: 50 cases). The prevalence resulted of 37.2% in the first period and of 48% in the second, without a statistically significant increase. Delta coinfection did not show greater severity, as evaluated by the levels of AST, ALT, total bilirubin and prothrombin activity, than hepatitis B not coinfected. The only factor of risk statistically significant for the acquisition of delta coinfection was i.v. drug abuse.
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PMID:[Delta co-infection: prevalence, severity and association with risk factors]. 382 88

A double-blind trial with thymomodulin (TM) was performed in a consecutive series of 50 inpatients affected with acute type B hepatitis. Twenty-six randomly selected patients received TM (Leucotrofina, Ellem), 1 ampoule b.i.d. per os for 30 days, and 24 patients received the same amount of placebo for the same period. TM-treated patients showed accelerated AST and ALT decrease and an earlier HBsAg clearance. However, only the difference in ALT decrease was statistically significant in comparison with the controls (p less than 0.02). Before the treatment was started, lymphocyte subsets, as determined by monoclonal antibodies, showed a different pattern in the two groups despite strict randomization. Nevertheless, by the end of the trial, mean T4+/T8+ ratios were increased in the treated group, but remained unchanged in the control group. The trends in the two groups were significantly different (p less than 0.005). Further information is expected from a long-term follow-up.
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PMID:Attempt to treat acute type B hepatitis with an orally administered thymic extract (thymomodulin): preliminary results. 391 38

Liver function tests and immunoglobulin features of apparently 'healthy' blood donors were studied. Twenty-one (9.5%) subjects with HBsAg were observed. These subjects were found to have significantly higher mean and standard deviation of total serum bilirubin, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase levels than those of a randomly selected HBsAg-negative group. Serum urea was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in the HBsAg-positive cases. Total serum IgE (IU/ml) was significantly higher in the HBsAg-positive cases (p less than 0.01). Comparison of laboratory findings of these cases and active hepatitis HBsAg-positive subjects showed that there were more elevated abnormalities in the latter.
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PMID:Biochemical studies of apparently 'healthy' blood donors with reference to liver function tests and immunoglobulins. 408 21

Detailed screening of the patients and staff in a unit specializing in liver disease was carried out over a year to ascertain whether transmission of the serum hepatitis virus was occurring and whether the situation was comparable in any way to that found in a Renal Haemodialysis Unit. Of the 154 patients with liver disease tested on admission, 6% were found to have Australia antigen in the serum and throughout the year there were rarely less than two patients in the ward at any one time with positive serum. No instances of clinical hepatitis were detected in the other patients following their stay in the ward or in their attendant medical, nursing and lay staff. Six staff members were found to have Australia antigen in their serum. In four of these, all nurses, it was present in the first sample tested and so the infection may have been acquired earlier. Temporary elevations in both plasma bilirubin and serum aspartate aminotransferase levels were found in another five staff members whose serum was negative for Australia antigen and who clinically were well. In a further eight and apparently healthy staff members, an isolated but persistent elevation of the plasma bilirubin was noted. In both groups these changes could represent the spread of subclinical infectious hepatitis and it is recommended that in units dealing with ;liver patients' not only should considerable care be taken during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures but the medical and nursing staff should be screened at regular intervals.
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PMID:Screening for transmission of hepatitis within a liver unit. 450 39


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