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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study examined the preventive effects of green tea extract on D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced hepatic injury in rats, an animal model of viral hepatitis. A single i.p.-injection of GalN (700 mg/kg) to male Wistar rats caused fulminant hepatitis by 48 hr as assessed by marked increases in the serum aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities; decreases in the serum protein and cholesterol levels and the amount of liver microsome P-450; and marked changes in organ weights. The lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity markedly increased at 8 hr and markedly decreased at 24 hr after the GalN injection. In the experiment, animals were orally administered green tea extract at doses of 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg five times each before and after the GalN injection. Treatment with green tea extract significantly prevented the increases in the GOT, GPT and ALP activities in a dose-related manner. It also significantly prevented the decreases in serum albumin and total cholesterol, although not in a dose-related manner. A tendency to prevent the increase in LCAT activity and the decrease in liver microsome P-450 was also noted. Little effect was found on the other abnormal changes in the serum lipids and proteins and the organ weights. These results suggest that green tea may have an ameliorating effect on hepatic dysfunction.
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PMID:[Effects of green tea extract on galactosamine-induced hepatic injury in rats]. 146 98

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex of macromolecules that includes collagens, proteoglycans, and complex glycoproteins. In fibrotic liver tissue there is an increase in all of these matrix components, and they increase in serum in the patients with alcoholic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis. These ECM components have been used as a serum marker of hepatic fibrosis. Prolonged obstruction of bile flow results in morphologic and biochemical changes and the development of secondary biliary cirrhosis. In congenital biliary atresia (CBA) there is a close correlation between the degree of the hepatic fibrosis and bile flow after the operation. We estimated that, in CBA, ECM increased in serum, and it would reflect the degree of the hepatic fibrosis. To clarify this we examined the serum procollagen-III-peptide (P-III-P) and laminin in CBA patients. P-III-P was elevated in all preoperative patients but in two of the three postoperative patients whose jaundice disappeared P-III-P was in the normal range. In the all 3 patients whose jaundice continued, P-III-P was in normal range. Serum laminin was elevated in 12 preoperative patients with CBA, but there is no correlation between day of diagnosis and level of laminin. Mean concentration in CBA without jaundice after operation was 3.18 U/mL, 3.226 U/mL in CBA with jaundice and 3.3 U/mL in infantile hepatitis. There were no significant differences among three groups. With the elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin, serum laminin level was also increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Laminin and procollagen-III-peptide as a serum marker for hepatic fibrosis in congenital biliary atresia. 150 Oct 26

It is not known whether the histopathology of the liver allograft can be predicted from biochemical measurements in serum with the same confidence as in the native liver. To answer this question we compared the histopathological diagnoses in 170 biopsy specimens from 70 adult transplant recipients obtained during the first 180 days, with the concentrations of the serum bilirubin and the activities of AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase measured at the same time. The most frequent diagnosis was cholestasis (n = 45), which was mild, moderate or severe and which may have been complicated by rejection (n = 28) or ischemia (n = 14). Hepatitis (n = 14), ischemia with rejection (n = 6) and spotty focal necrosis (n = 6) were diagnosed less frequently. Fifteen biopsy specimens were reported as histopathologically normal. In general, biochemical measurements discriminated poorly between different histopathological diagnoses. The histopathologically normal liver often showed an abnormal pattern of enzymes and an increase in the serum bilirubin level. As a result histopathologically normal biopsy specimens were indistinguishable biochemically from those with hepatitis. When two pathological conditions were found to coexist (e.g., cholestasis with either rejection or ischemic necrosis, or ischemic necrosis with rejection), the effect on the serum biochemistry was usually not additive and in some instances returned the biochemical abnormalities toward normal. With the exception of the serum bilirubin level, which increased with the severity of uncomplicated cholestasis, we could not identify a specific pattern of biochemical changes corresponding to a given histopathological diagnosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Biochemical and histopathological correlation in liver transplant: the first 180 days. 150 12

An experimental model of toxic liver injury in rats was employed to assay the effect of Nifedipine (a calcium antagonist blocker) and S-Adenosylmethionine (a precursor of glutathione). An important decrease in both perivenular fibrosis and cirrhosis was found. Furthermore, a significant decrease in lactic acid levels was found in the group of animals treated with pharmacologic therapy, although no correlation was seen between lactic acid levels and the different degrees of perivenular fibrosis. No significant variations in ALT and AST enzymes were observed between both groups, as opposed to a significant decrease in LDH enzyme in the Nifedipine+S-Adenosylmethionine group. The results indicate an improvement in the histologic picture of the liver in rats treated by means of pharmacological association, without any change in inflammatory infiltrate and with a slight decrease in necrosis, indicating an action mechanism via creeping fibrosis (instead of a hepatitis pathway).
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PMID:Effect of nifedipine and S-adenosylmethionine in the liver of rats treated with CCl4 and ethanol for one month. 151 99

Administration of trimethoprim-sulfadiazine in a dog was associated with vomiting, inappetence, and icterus, and high values of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and total bilirubin concentration. The clinical signs and biochemical abnormalities resolved after discontinuation of the treatment. Histologic examination of sections from a liver biopsy specimen revealed moderate, predominantly portal hepatitis with cholestasis.
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PMID:Presumptive trimethoprim-sulfadiazine-related hepatotoxicosis in a dog. 154 70

The objective of this study was to determine the probabilities of specific morbid events or death among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated by hemodialysis. A prospective cohort study was performed between March 1988 and September 1989 in 18 hemodialysis centers in 13 Canadian cities, representing about one third of the hemodialysis population in Canada. The inception cohort consisted of 496 patients entering hemodialysis who had survived 1 month. The few new hemodialysis patients who received erythropoietin (EPO) in the last 3 months of the study were excluded. Survival curves were compared using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Older age and history of cardiovascular disease were independently associated with a greater probability of death. Age and history of cardiovascular disease were also associated with a greater probability of nonfatal circulatory events (myocardial infarction, angina requiring hospitalization, or stroke), while a serum albumin level less than or equal to 30 g/L (3.0 g dL) was associated with an increased probability of pulmonary edema. The probability of surviving 12 months without receiving a blood transfusion was 47.2% for males and 27.5% for females. The incidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis, as estimated by unexplained elevations in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values, was not different between patients receiving and not receiving blood transfusions. The probability of hospitalization for any cause was greater for patients with grafts for vascular access than for those with fistulae, for those with a history of cardiovascular disease, for those with a serum albumin level less than or equal to 30 g/L, and for those with renal disease due to diabetes or vascular disease. Hospitalization due to circulatory disease was more likely among those with a history of cardiovascular disease and among those with a lower serum albumin level. Hospitalization for infectious disease was more likely among those with a lower serum albumin level and less likely among those with a fistula for vascular access. Among all patients receiving hemodialysis treatment for more than 6 months, there were 14.8 hospital days per year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Canadian Hemodialysis Morbidity Study. 155 66

Ischemic hepatitis is not an uncommon complication of reversible severe hypotension or cardiac failure. The prognosis usually is determined by the cause of the initial hypotension or cardiac failure, rather than the subsequent hepatic dysfunction. We report a retrospective analysis of nine patients with ischemic hepatitis in which previously unreported clinical and biochemical abnormalities are noted. The clinical and biochemical course of the patients were reviewed until recovery or death from ischemic hepatitis. All the patients had a rapid striking elevation of aspartate aminotransferase, and lactic dehydrogenase, with an equally rapid resolution of these parameters. Abnormal serum glucose levels occurred in six patients (none of whom had a prior carbohydrate intolerance). Insulin therapy was given to three patients for a limited period. Renal impairment was manifest in all nine patients, and it resolved spontaneously within 10 days. Altered mental status was detected in six patients; the changes reverted to normal within 7 days of their onset. A preexisting anemia (hemoglobin less than 11.0 g/dl) was noted on admission in four patients, and it did not appear to potentiate the manifestations of the hepatic ischemia. We conclude that ischemic hepatitis should be anticipated in all patients with a recent history of systemic hypotension. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained hepatitis; the early massive rise in lactic dehydrogenase, the rapid fall in transaminases, and the early mild/moderate renal failure strongly suggest ischemic hepatitis. Patients with ischemic hepatitis can manifest reversible renal failure, mental confusion, and hyperglycemia which may require insulin for its control.
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PMID:Ischemic hepatitis: widening horizons. 848 Jul 56

A total of eight patients with chronic active HBsAg-positive hepatitis was treated with recombinant interferon-alpha 2b for 12 months and serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-globulin and prolyl hydroxylase concentrations were determined every 3 months. Liver biopsies after 12 months' treatment revealed a significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in the histological activity score. After 6 months, alanine aminotransferase (P less than 0.01) and aspartate aminotransferase (P less than 0.05) concentrations fell significantly compared with baseline concentrations. Serum prolyl hydroxylase concentrations declined significantly (P less than 0.05) after 15 months and remained depressed. It is concluded that interferon-alpha 2b therapy reduced fibrogenetic activity in chronic active hepatitis B.
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PMID:Modifications in the serum concentrations of prolyl hydroxylase in patients with chronic hepatitis B during and after interferon therapy. 169 25

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) hepatitis is rare in adults, usually occurring in immunocompromised individuals and in otherwise healthy women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Three cases of HSV hepatitis occurring in pregnant women were diagnosed at our institution between 1981 and 1990. This diagnosis was not suspected clinically, and in each case was made on the basis of histology, immunoperoxidase studies, and viral cultures of liver tissue. Clinically, the patients had severe anicteric liver failure with markedly elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels; two of the three patients died. None had mucocutaneous lesions at the time of diagnosis. Histologically, two distinct patterns of necrosis and inflammation were seen. Two of the cases had well-demarcated foci of necrosis scattered randomly throughout the lobules with neutrophilic infiltration, giving the impression of abscess formation. Hepatocytes at the periphery of these areas of necrosis had enlarged nuclei with "ground-glass" inclusions; however, no Cowdry type A inclusions were seen. Rare multinucleated cells were present. Immunoperoxidase staining using antibodies to HSV was positive primarily in the hepatocytes with inclusions. The third case had diffuse, almost total hepatic necrosis with no viral inclusions and virtually no inflammatory response. This histologic pattern is similar to that seen in neonates with HSV infection. Immunoperoxidase studies in this case were negative; however, viral cultures were positive. While HSV hepatitis may be suspected or diagnosed on the basis of histology alone, viral cultures are an important adjunct since viral inclusions may be absent. Prompt diagnosis is important since antiviral therapy is now available.
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PMID:Herpes simplex virus hepatitis in pregnancy: a clinicopathologic study of three cases. 174 Mar 3

The risk of non-A, non-B hepatitis transmission by an intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparation was assessed in a prospective multicenter trial in 68 patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders (40 children or adolescents and 28 adults). During the 4-week prestudy evaluation period the clinical examinations and liver function tests including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin were normal in all patients. The treatment consisted of three infusions of 200 mg IVIG (pH 4; pepsin procedure) per kilogram body weight at 2-week intervals. During the observation period of 24 weeks following the first infusion of the study IVIG, the patients were monitored at regular time intervals. No clinical and laboratory signs of hepatitis or liver dysfunction were noticed. All patients completed the study. In 5 patients, one isolated alanine aminotransferase value and in another patient one gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase value were moderately elevated, but always below 2.5 times the upper limit of the reference range. Similar isolated and transient elevations were observed for aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. It was concluded that the IVIG preparation did not transmit non-A, non-B hepatitis or other viral liver diseases.
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PMID:Safety of intravenous immunoglobulin preparations: a prospective multicenter study to exclude the risk of non-A, non-B hepatitis. 177 40


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