Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) is a sensitive but nonspecific index hepatobiliary disease. In infectious mononucleosis (IM) or the mononucleosis-like disease attributable to cytomegalovirus (cytomegalovirus-induced IM), GGTP reverted to normal later than aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. In three cases elevated serum GGTP activity persisted for up to 24 months -- raising the question of persistent 'post-IM' hepatitis. Such prolonged GGTP activity was unusual in other late IM specimens. Possible, but unlikely, causes for such persistent GGTP activity are an unusual degree of hepatic damage during acute IM, excessive induction of microsomal enzyme system activity by drugs, or unusual Epstein-Barr virus carrier state activation that might contribute to ongoing hepatic structural damage. Other markers of chronic hepatocellular disease including aspartate aminotrasferase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin were normal in late specimens from these 3 patients. The cause of their persistent elevated GGTP activities remains unknown.
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PMID:Late persistence of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity after mononucleosis. Report of 3 cases. 1 21

Using a radioimmunoassay technique serum alpha-fetoprotein could be detected in healthy adults in concentrations of less than 20 microgram/l. Of patients with acute, viral hepatitis 43% exhibited a transient rise of serum alpha-fetoprotein, the peak occurring eight to nine days after the maximum recorded serum aspartate transaminase activity. Patients with hepatic damage due to paracetamol poisoning were also shown to have transiently raised levels, the peak occurring earlier than in subjects with viral hepatitis. Six subjects with fatal fulminant hepatitis were studied; the three with the more protracted illness were noted to have increased levels before death. Twenty of 163 cases of chronic liver disease also had raised serum alpha-fetoprotein concentrations. In four, primary liver cell cancer developed; in two of these the serum alpha-fetoprotein levels rose progressively, and in two it remained raised but at low levels.
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PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in patients with acute and chronic liver disease. Relation to hepatocellular regeneration and development of primary liver cell carcinoma. 7 80

The determination of enzyme activity in serum for the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis has become increasingly popular. According to the author's experience serum aminotransferase is raised in about 100% of cases of chronic active hepatitis and also in active cirrhosis, but in only about 70--80% of persisting hepatitis or in moderately active chronic hepatitis. They are frequently normal in inactive cirrhosis. After aminotransferases the alkaline phosphatase is of great importance for the differential diagnosis of icterus. If aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase are determined at the same time, every cholestatic icterus can be diagnosed with certainty.
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PMID:[Clinical enzyme diagnosis in chronic hepatitis. Possibilities and limitations (author's transl)]. 10 40

Serum mitochondrial glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity was determined in 83 patients with various liver diseases and 10 healthy adults. 1) The average of mitochondrial glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase value was 1.2 mU in healthy adults, 8.3 mU in patients with acute hepatitis, 13.7 mU in patients with post-transfusion hepatitis, 5.0 mU in patients with persistent hepatitis, 4.5 mU in patients with chronic inactive hepatitis, 9.6 mU in patients with chronic active hepatitis, 5.6 mU in liver cirrhosis, and 295 mU in a patient with fulminant hepatitis. 2) While one patient with acute hepatitis showed the highest value in the group of 29 mU, one patient with fulminant hepatitis showed an extremely high value of 295 mU, revealing an obvious difference between them. 3) One patient with fresh myocardial infarction also showed an extremely high value of 110 mU.
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PMID:Clinical significance of mitochondrial glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase in serum of patients with liver disease. 21 85

Thirty-one patients with severe gram-negative bacterial infections were treated successfully with a combination of cefamandole nafate plus gentamicin or tobramycin. The patients were divided into two treatment groups: group 1 received low-dose therapy (80--100 mg of cefamandole nafate/kg per 24 hr plus 3 mg of either gentamicin or tobramycin/kg per 24 hr), and group 2 patients, who had suspected bacteremia, received high-dose therapy (170 mg of cefamandole nafate/kg per 24 hr plus 5 mg of either gentamicin or tobramycin/kg per 24 hr). All of the patients were clinically and bacteriologically cured of their primary infections. All four episodes of bacteremia were cleared within 24 hr after therapy was initiated. There was a uniform decrease in the rate of creatinine clearance which was slightly greater in group 2 patients; however, all creatinine clearance values were within the normal range and actually improved during therapy. There was no difference between the clearance values of the tobramycin-treated patients and gentamicin-treated patients. A few transient abnormalities in results of liver function tests occurred during the study. In one patient whose serum was positive for hepatitis-associated antigen, the alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin values were elevated on admisssion of the patient to the hospital, increased fivefold during therapy, and decreased to the base-line admission values six days after therapy; however, it is difficult to establish that this reaction was antibiotic-induced hepatic toxicity.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of cefamandole plus either gentamicin or tobramycin in therapy of severe gram-negative bacterial infections. 34 93

Eight patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (seven with chronic active hepatitis and one with chronic persistent hepatitis) were treated with daily intramuscular injections of human leucocyte interferon for periods of 5 to 8 weeks and in one case for 5 months. In one patient there was a marked fall in virus-associated DNA polymerase activity and in the number of DNA containing viral particles during each of two courses of interferon. Hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) also disappeared, the aspartate transaminase levels fell and liver histology improved. In the four other patients with detectable DNA polymerase activity there was an early fall but this was transient and in one of these patients there was a continuing rise in activity despite treatment. One other patient became HBeAg negative but hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titres were mostly unaffected by treatment. A marked decrease in T-lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity towards HBsAg coated target cells was demonstrated and raises the possibility that an immunosuppressant action of interferon may offsets its direct anti-viral action but may also account for the improvement in liver function which occurred in some patients.
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PMID:Effects of human leucocyte interferon on hepatitis B virus replication and immune responses in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. 50 26

Mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni were highly sensitive to the lethal effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The hyper-reactive state of LPS coincided with the development around the parasite eggs of multiple granulomas in the liver. Elevated aspartate transaminase levels in blood and severe hypoglycaemia in LPS-challenged animals indicated extensive liver parenchymal cell damage. There was also a complete depletion of glycogen in hepatocytes of these animals. From this work and studies on other hepatitis models, it is suggested that individuals affected with granulomatous disorders may be at risk because of everyday exposure to LPS from the gut.
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PMID:Increased hepatotoxicity of bacterial lipopolysaccharide in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. 55 82

Six patients with hepatitis B surface antigen-positive (HBsAg-pos) chronic liver disease have been treated with transfer factor (TF) prepared from leucocytes of normal blood donors with no history of hepatitis, and with TF from subjects recently recovered from type B hepatitis. In three patients there were transient elevations of aspartate transaminase (AsT) after 'specific' TF, representing damage or destruction of hepatocytes, and in two of these patients there was coincidental complement consumption, suggesting that TF had stimulated production of antibody. In one other patient there was an increase in E-rosetting lymphocyte (ERL) concentration representing a change in T-lymphocyte reactivity. One of the two patients who had no measured response to TF had a primary liver cell carcinoma and was receiving prednisolone therapy. TF prepared from subjects who have recently recovered from type B hepatitis may have temporarily altered the immunological status of patients with HBsAg-pos chronic liver disease, but it did not have a beneficial therapeutic effect.
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PMID:Transfer factor in the attempted treatment of patients with HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease. 60 32

Different methods of performing the (14C) aminopyrine breath test have been assessed. A tracer dose of 2 muCi without a loading dose and with a single breath collection at two hours was the method selected, since it gave the best discrimination between patients with hepatocellular diseases and normal subjects (5.2 +/- 0.2%, mean +/- SEM). Reduced values occurred in patients with chronic active hepatitis (with and without cirrhosis) (1.5 +/- 0.2%), alcoholic cirrhosis (1.7 +/- 0.4%) and hepatitis (2.5 +/- 0.3%), and late primary biliary cirrhosis suggesting defective microsomal function with respect to demethylation. Normal results were common in early primary biliary cirrhosis. Two weeks of prednisolone therapy caused some improvement in the breath test in nine of 10 patients with chronic active hepatitis. It is concluded that the (14C) aminopyrine breath test is a simple test for detecting hepatocellular dysfunction, but has no obvious diagnostic advantage over the determination of serum aspartate transaminase and two hour post-prandial bile-acids.
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PMID:Assessment of the (14C) aminopyrine breath test in liver disease. 62 4

I evaluated the diagnostic value of routinely ordered liver-function tests in 175 biopsy-proven cases of hepatic disease by use of stepwise discriminant analysis. The tests studied-total and "direct" bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase-correctly classified 45-73% of cases, depending on the homogeneity of the diagnostic groups. Aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were the best discriminators. When all tests were used in the most homogeneous groups (tumors, cirrhosis, and hepatitis), there was a stepwise improvement in diagnostic accuracy from 51 to 73%.
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PMID:Diagnostic effectiveness of biochemical liver-function tests, as evaluated by discriminant function analysis. 84 56


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