Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) developed clinical signs, serum biochemical values, and serologic viral markers consistent with chronic persistent hepatitis caused by a hepatitis B-like virus. The hepatitis had a sporadic cyclical pattern of lethargy, inappetance, and icterus, with leukocytosis and increased serum activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. The serum from this dolphin contained hepatitis B virus core antibodies, hepatitis B surface antibodies, and hepatitis B viral DNA. Supportive treatment consisted of administration of antibiotics, cimetidine, menadiol sodium diphosphate, and vitamin/dextrose supplementation. A clinically normal killer whale (Orcinus orca) housed in the same pool had serum hepatitis B surface antibodies, suggesting immunologic responsiveness and that this disease was not species-specific.
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PMID:Hepatitis B-like infection in a Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens). 229 47

Blood glucose, plasma insulin and free fatty acids (FFA) responses, during the 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with 75 g of dextrose, were measured in 30 consecutive patients with acute enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. All of these parameters during the OGTT were compared with 10 age-, sex- and weight-matched healthy volunteers from the same community. The fasting blood sugar, insulin and FFA were not different from normal controls (P greater than 0.05). According to the WHO criteria, the blood glucose response during OGTT in these patients was normal in 23%, impaired in 33% and diabetic in 43%. There was significant hyperinsulinaemia (P less than 0.001) in patients with impaired and diabetic GGT and it persisted even at the end of 2 h. None of the abnormal liver function tests correlated with blood sugar, insulin and FFA response during the OGTT. All abnormal responses during the OGTT were, however, transient and returned to normal in all the patients after the recovery from acute hepatitis.
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PMID:Transient abnormality in carbohydrate metabolism during enterically transmitted non-A, non-B acute viral hepatitis. 251 7

The study includes 108 patients with acute alcohol hepatitis, 45 patients with cholestasis and 124 healthy controls. In 14 patients (13%) cholestatic acute alcohol hepatitis was found. The patients with cholestatic acute alcohol hepatitis consumed considerably more alcohol than the other patients with acute alcohol hepatitis. The intensive jaundice led half of the patients with cholestatic acute alcohol hepatitis to the infectious diseases clinic and 32% of them to the surgical clinic. The course of the disease was heavy, with disturbed general condition, high temperature, pain in the right subcostal region but without itching. The patients showed higher levels of timol test, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, coefficient LDL/HDL-cholesterol, beta-lipoproteins, total lipids, gamma-GTP, ASAT and lower levels of leucocytes, bilirubin, SMC, alkaline phosphatase and LAP than the other patients with cholestasis. The patients with cholestatic acute alcohol hepatitis showed a higher level of total lipids and gamma-GTP than the other patients examined. The confirmation of the diagnosis implies the application of contemporary instrumental and invasive methods. The ultrasound examination is of special importance.
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PMID:[The clinico-laboratory characteristics of the cholestatic form of acute alcoholic hepatitis]. 263 77

The metabolism of chemical carcinogens was investigated in liver preparations from 28 captive woodchucks (Marmota monax). Of these, 23 were naturally infected with the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), and eight also had primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). Twenty-nine parameters were investigated in liver subcellular fractions, including cross-reactivity with HBsAg, and biochemical parameters, such as gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, cytochrome P-450 and microsomal monooxygenases (aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, ethoxycoumarin and ethoxyresorufin deethylases, aminopyrine and dimethylnitrosamine demethylases, and testosterone 7 alpha-, 16 alpha- and 6 beta-hydroxylases), uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase, GSH and related enzymes (peroxidase, reductase and S-transferase), as well as other cytosolic enzyme activities (glucose 6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, NADPH- and NADH-dependent diaphorases, and DT diaphorase). In addition, liver preparations were used in order to quantify the metabolic activation into bacterial mutagens of five procarcinogens (aflatoxin B1, the pyrolysis products Trp-P-2 and MeIQ, 2-aminofluorene and dimethylnitrosamine) and the decrease of potency of three direct-acting mutagens (sodium dichromate, ICR 191 and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide). WHV infection produced a significant stimulation of carcinogen metabolism, as shown by the simultaneous change in detoxification parameters (GSH depletion) and activation indices (enhancement of microsomal monooxygenases and of procarcinogen activation into mutagenic metabolites). There were no significant differences between WHV-positive samples from animals without PHC and the noncancerous tissue of PHC-bearing animals, whereas a decrease of both activation and detoxification indices was recorded in the tumorous tissue. There was a considerable interindividual variability among WHV carriers, which was tentatively ascribed to genetic factors. Pregnancy was the only known factor influencing the results in WHV carriers. However, even by excluding pregnant animals, the effects on carcinogen metabolism produced by WHV infection were still statistically significant. These results, together with previous data obtained in humans, revealed that metabolic factors may play a role in the synergism between viral hepatitis and chemical hepatocarcinogens in the etiopathogenesis of PHC.
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PMID:Enhanced metabolic activation of chemical hepatocarcinogens in woodchucks infected with hepatitis B virus. 272 Sep 3

The pathogenic mechanism of fulminant hepatitis induced by 700 mg/kg D-galactosamine plus 33 micrograms/kg endotoxin was investigated in male NMRI mice. The extent of liver injury was assessed by measurement of serum transaminases and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities 9 hr after intoxication, as well as by histopathological evaluation. When the hepatic glutathione content of galactosamine endotoxin-treated animals had been decreased by more than 90% following administration of 250 mg/kg phorone or 400 mg/kg diethyl maleate given three times, no signs of liver injury were observed. Since different agents interfering with the leukotriene synthesis pathway also prevented galactosamine/endotoxin-induced hepatitis, we suspected that a glutathione-derived peptidoleukotriene may be the pathogenic metabolite. In vivo inhibition of the catabolism of leukotriene C4 by administration of 50 mg/kg of the glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitor AT 125 (Acivicin) also protected the animals against liver injury. In order to elucidate which metabolite of leukotriene C4 was responsible for the observed hepatotoxicity we intravenously injected leukotrienes into animals that had received only galactosamine. Injection of 50 micrograms/kg leukotriene E4 1 hr after galactosamine had no effect. The same dose of leukotriene D4 led to a fulminant hepatitis which was prevented when the leukotriene D4 antagonist FPL 55712 had been given before. In contrast, lipoxygenase inhibitors or AT 125 did not protect against galactosamine + LTD4. Galactosamine/endotoxin-induced and galactosamine/leukotriene D4-induced hepatitis resulted in similarly localized histopathological changes, i.e. diffuse necrosis in the organ. We conclude from our results that galactosamine/endotoxin-induced hepatitis is mediated by a leukotriene D4-dependent mechanism.
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PMID:Leukotriene-mediated liver injury. 283 97

The liver functions of 17 babies with extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) and 19 babies with neonatal hepatitis (NNH) were analyzed. The serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) level and its rate of rise were significantly higher in the EHBA group. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies showed a positive correlation between the GGTP activity and the duration of the disease. The diagnostic accuracy is 79% for EHBA and 95% for NNH. It is suggested that GGTP and its rate of rise are the most important biochemical parameters in the differential diagnosis of these two diseases.
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PMID:Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity and its serial measurement in differentiation between extrahepatic biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis. 285 61

A monoclonal antibody, gamma-120, was raised against a highly purified gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma GT) from human primary hepatoma. The antibody preferentially bound to the small subunit of gamma GT from human hepatoma and kidney as evidenced by immunoblot analysis. Weak binding to the normal liver enzyme could be detected by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). With the use of this antibody, an ELISA was developed for the quantitation of immunoreactive gamma GT in human serum. Sera of 188 normal control subjects displayed a low level (9.4 micrograms/ml) of immunoreactive gamma GT. Highly elevated levels of immunoreactive gamma GT were detected in the sera of patients with primary hepatoma, metastatic liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and certain types of lung cancer. Slightly elevated levels of immunoreactive gamma GT were seen in the sera of patients with liver cirrhosis. The levels of gamma GT were within a normal range in the sera of patients with gastrointestinal cancers and patients with nonmalignant diseases such as hepatitis and gallstones. The antibody has been shown to be useful for the diagnosis of some of the neoplastic diseases.
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PMID:A monoclonal antibody against gamma-glutamyltransferase from human primary hepatoma: its use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of sera of cancer patients. 286 89

One hundred consecutive patients were prospectively studied to assess the clinical and biochemical features of symptomatic choledocholithiasis. Biochemical tests were performed during the three days following the onset of symptoms. Pain was the most frequent symptom of choledocholithiasis, observed in 75% of the patients, but rarely occurred alone (12%). Clinical symptoms were not different according to age. High serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase were the most frequent biochemical abnormalities in patients with symptomatic choledocholithiasis: they were increased in 94 and 91% of cases, respectively. Only one patient had no biochemical abnormality. Serum transaminases could reach very high levels just as in hepatitis. Biochemical data did not differ regardless of whether the common bile duct was enlarged or not. Biochemical abnormalities had been studied over the first 10 days of spontaneous evolution in 25 patients while choledocholithiasis persisted: serum bilirubin and transaminases significantly decreased while serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and amylase remained unchanged. These results indicate that, in patients with suggestive symptoms, choledocholithiasis is unlikely in the absence of biochemical abnormalities in the first three days following the onset of symptoms.
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PMID:Prospective study of clinical and biochemical features of symptomatic choledocholithiasis. 287 Aug 85

The diagnostic relevance of the serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration and liver deposition of IgA for chronic excessive alcohol consumption was evaluated in 164 patients with biochemical liver abnormalities. A relationship was demonstrated between the amount of daily alcohol consumption and the two IgA parameters and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. A continuous pattern of IgA deposition along hepatic sinusoids proved to be the best diagnostic feature, combining a specificity of 0.91 with a sensitivity of 0.75. Although serum IgA has a specificity of 0.78, its diagnostic value is restricted by a sensitivity of 0.50, making it not superior to serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Furthermore, serum IgA proved to be related to liver histopathology. High levels of serum IgA are found in hepatitis and cirrhosis, without significant differences between alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients. However, in the case of mild histopathologic changes in the liver, such as steatosis and fibrosis, significantly higher serum IgA concentrations are found in alcoholic than in nonalcoholic liver disease.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin A in the diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease. 289 87

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is currently widely used as a surrogate marker for detection of blood having a higher risk of transmission of non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH). Studies in the chimpanzee model, in which the NANBH carrier state is well defined, have revealed gamma-glutamyltransferase to be considerably more sensitive for the detection of NANBH carrier blood. Further study is required to determine whether this marker is also more sensitive for detection of the chronic NANBH carrier state in man.
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PMID:Gamma-glutamyltransferase as a potential surrogate marker for detection of the non-A, non-B carrier state. 196 90


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