Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a group of 29 patients with mechanical icterus and a control group of 38 patients (acute, chronic hepatitis and hyperbilirubinemia) there have been followed up alkaline phosphatase, leucinaminopeptidase and gammaglutamil transpeptidase activities aiming to evaluate the value of gamma GT in differentiation of icterus of various etiology. Comparing the values of the examined cholestase enzymes in patients of obstructive icterus it could be seen that gamma GT was positive in the largest percentage of the diseased, (69,6%), then APH (89,7%) AND LAP (86,3%). Gamma GT has shown to be selective test for obstruction of hepatobiliary tract but it is not selective for discovering cause of obstruction. It can be explained by the fact that activity of gamma GT could be found both in mechanical icterus caused by calculosis or tumours (with a very high activity) and in patients with hepatitis with cholestatic component, although in the decresed activity.
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PMID:[The significance of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase determination in the differentiation of icterus of various etiologies]. 2 11

The authors describe the application for determining gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGTP) activity in donors in order to prevent posttransfusion hepatitis. They particularly refer to the high susceptibility of this method for detecting latent and chronic liver diseases virtually unable to be recognized by other methods. Regular GGTP screening having been introduced in the past 4 years, a rapid lowering of the occurrence of posttransfusion hepatitis could be observed. The authors recommend this method of examination as a valuable aid to the prophylaxis of hepatitis transferred by blood preparations.
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PMID:[Screening of blood donors for the prevention of post-transfusion hepatitis by means of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase determination]. 8 78

In the course of 4 years, among 11,738 admissions there were 245 (2.08%) patients with cholestasis (106 women and 139 men). Intrahepatic cholestasis (i.c.) was detected in 46.5%, and extrahepatic (e.c.) in 53.5%. The most frequent cause of i.c. were alcoholic and nonalcoholic chr. liver disease (fatty liver, chr. hepatitis, cirrhosis) (37% and 30%), acute viral hepatitis (15%) and toxic liver injury (14%) respectively. The causes of e.c. were: choledocholithiasis (44%), cancer of the pancreatic head (15%), cancer of gallbladder and extrahepatic ducts (12%) and cancer of liver (10%). The causes of c. were benigne, in 78.2%, while malignant neoplasms were present in 21.8%. Out of the multitude of laboratory tests two appeared particularly significant: glut, transpeptidase was pathologic in 81% of alcoholic liver disease, in 62% of the cases with obstructive jaundice and in 27.7% of malignant neoplasms. LX-lipoprotein examined in 52 patients was positive in 24% of i.c., and 60% of e.c. Proliferation of bile ducts was the most frequent finding in surgical liver biopsies in choledocholithiasis cases.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis, laboratory tests and histology in 245 patients with cholestasis. 52 15

A community survey was undertaken in order to determine the seroepidemiologic pattern of acute viral hepatitis in Auckland. As hospital records and Health Department notifications underestimate the problem, all patients with a serum alanine transpeptidase (ALT) level of greater than 200 mu/l (X 5 normal) were investigated for viral liver disease. Over a four month period a total of 303 cases of acute viral hepatitis were identified, 49 (16.2%) were hepatitis A, 11 with coincident hepatitis B, 88 (29%) were hepatitis B, 80 (26.4%) nonA nonB hepatitis, 81 (26.7%) Epstein Barr virus hepatitis and 5 (1.6%) cytomegalovirus hepatitis. Hepatitis A and hepatitis B occurred with increased frequency among Maoris and Polynesians, while Epstein Barr virus, cytomegalovirus and nonA nonB hepatitis occurred more frequently among Europeans. The incidence of acute symptomatic viral hepatitis (excluding cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus infections) was 78 cases/10(5)/per year for the Auckland region in this survey.
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PMID:Acute viral hepatitis in Auckland. 303 65

The authors report the case of a 63 year-old woman who developed high-grade fever with chills, nausea, diarrhea, severe pain in the right hypochondrium, and jaundice after one month's treatment with 300 mg of hydroquinidine hydrochloride daily. Serum bilirubin and aminotransferases were slightly increased, while alkaline phosphatases and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase serum activities were markedly raised. Histological examination of a liver specimen obtained by the transvenous route showed numerous epithelioid granulomas with giant cell formation and eosinophils in hepatic lobules and portal tracts. Symptoms disappeared three days after withdrawal of the drug, but hepatomegaly and a mild increase in serum gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase persisted more than eighteen months. Quinidine-induced hepatitis is almost always associated with fever, and, in one-third of the cases, with a pseudo-cholangitis picture. Extrahepatic hypersensitivity manifestations are often present. Histological examination of the liver shows granulomatous or cytolytic hepatitis. Withdrawal of the drug is rapidly followed by a favorable outcome; readministration causes immediate relapse; progression to chronic liver disease has never been reported previously.
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PMID:[Hepatitis caused by quinidine. Study of a case and review of the literature]. 373 35

A prospective non-A, non-B follow-up program, implemented in a hepatitis B surface antigen-free dialysis unit, enabled us to report on the natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in hemodialyzed patients between 1980 and 1992. For this program, every patient was prospectively monitored every two weeks for alanine amino transferase (ALT) activity, and every month for gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity and systematic collection of frozen sera. Sequences of stored sera from 217 patients were repeatedly tested for anti-HCV antibodies using second generation assays. Eighty-six of the 217 patients (39.6%), including 61 of the 67 patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis (91%), had HCV infection repeatedly evidenced by positive ELISA in all, and confirmed by RIBA in 84 of 86 (97.5%). In addition, 19 out of 23 patients (82.6%) were positive for HCV RNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 86 anti-HCV positive patients, 41 had previously acquired HCV infection, and 45 seroconverted during chronic dialysis. Of these, all but one patient developed hepatitis with raised ALT activity which lasted for at least six months in all. Only 29 of 45 patients (64.5%) had a history of blood transfusion. Seventy-eight of the 86 patients (91%) who were followed up for one to 11.5 years (median 5) retained anti-HCV for several years. Nineteen liver biopsies performed in 16 patients showed chronic active hepatitis in 8 (50%) and hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis in one patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A twelve year natural history of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialyzed patients. 796 64

We present here three paediatric patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. In case 1, the serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was decreased only temporarily by ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment and 34 months later, sulphasalazine was added because of microscopic colitis. The enzyme level decreased with dual therapy. Similarly, in case 3, first diagnosed as autoimmune hepatitis, the transpeptidase levels remained elevated for 18 months during treatment with UDCA, prednisolone and mizoribin. The enzyme decreased only after a diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis complicated with ulcerative colitis was established and sulphasalazine was introduced. Case 2 also had Crohn's colitis and was put on UDCA and sulphasalazine from the start. The enzyme level was normalized within 1 month and has remained normal for the following 5 years. Liver biopsies were analysed repeatedly in these three patients. In case 1, periductal fibrosis remained unchanged while being treated by UDCA. There appeared to be no progression in liver cirrhosis in case 3 while being treated by UDCA, prednisolone, and mizoribin. In case 2, who has been treated with both UDCA and sulphasalazine from the start, periductal fibrosis and portal fibrosis were remarkably improved 45 months later. We suggest that sulphasalazine in addition to UDCA might be a viable treatment for children with primary sclerosing cholangitis.
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PMID:Three paediatric cases of primary sclerosing cholangitis treated with ursodeoxycholic acid and sulphasalazine. 973 77

Athletes and bodybuilders often misuse androgenic/anabolic steroids. When used in therapeutic doses, these drugs produce clinical jaundice in just a small number of recipients. We present a 26-year-old male bodybuilder who self-administered high doses of androgenic/anabolic steroids that induced liver damage. One month before admission to the hospital, he used testosterone enanthate (500 mg intramuscularly, twice weekly), stanozolol (40 mg/d), and methylandrostenediol (30 mg/d by mouth, for 5 weeks). On admission, his bilirubin level was 470 micromol/L (direct, 360 micromol/L), his aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was 5,870 IU/L, his alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was 10,580 IU/L, his alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level was 152 IU/L, his gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase level was 140 IU/L, his albumin level was 27.6 g/L, and his prothrombin time was 29%. During the patient's prolonged hospitalization, multiple tests and liver biopsy were performed, showing only toxic hepatic lesions. The patient was provided with supportive medical treatment. Clinical signs and laboratory findings improved substantially 12 weeks after the patient discontinued androgenic/anabolic steroids. The reasons for presenting this case were the much higher values of AST and ALT levels than reported in other studies, although the values of bilirubin and ALP were similar to those found in the literature. To our knowledge, it is the first case of toxic hepatitis induced by androgenic/anabolic steroids with predominantly hepatocellular necrosis instead of intrahepatic cholestasis.
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PMID:Androgenic/Anabolic steroid-induced toxic hepatitis. 1235

The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma superimposed in the evolution of autoimmune hepatitis or primary biliary cirrhosis is low, even in patients with long-standing cirrhosis. We report a case of hepatocellular carcinoma occurring in a 46 year old woman with liver cirrhosis following overlap syndrome between autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis, routinely followed while on the waiting list for liver transplantation. The patient had combined biochemical (elevated aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase in the range of 2-3 times above the upper limit of the normal) and serological (anti-smooth muscle antibody > 1/80 and anti-mitochondrial antibody anti-M2 > 1/40) criteria of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed in the setting of chronic liver disease by the combination of two concordant imaging technics (Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging) showing a hepatic nodule with arterial hypervascularization and elevated serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein up to 950 ng/ml. Liver transplantation is the best treatment both for the solitary nodule less than 5 cm and underlying autoimmune cirrhosis. Using the new Model for End-Stage Liver Disease allocation system our patient was placed in a prior position for liver transplantation (MELD 29). Unfortunately, a sudden fulminant liver failure complicated with intravascular disseminated coagulopathy was fatal for our patient while awaiting liver transplantation.
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PMID:Overlap syndrome between autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma. 1505 24

To determine whether the current liver screening program for fatty liver has sufficient scientific evidence to justify its continued implementation. The liver screening program to detect fatty liver was performed on 411 Japanese workers utilizing serum aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), alanine aminotransferase (AST), and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP). Based on the preceding studies, subjects with viral and alcohol hepatitis were excluded from the evaluation. The diagnosis of fatty liver was based on ultrasound findings. The program was evaluated by efficacy and effectiveness; efficacy was measured according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in comparison with the Body Mass Index (BMI). Effectiveness, based on the efficacy determinations, was assessed by means of the positive predictive value (PPV) test performance, the disease characteristics, and the program price. The diagnostic performances of ALT and BMI were nearly acceptable but far from excellent. The areas under the curves of the two indices were 0.69 and 0.63, respectively and these were statistically equivalent. The PPV ranged from 15 to 28% where the prevalence of fatty liver was 12.3%. The price of the program was estimated at US 4 dollars per person based on the medical reimbursement fee rate. The efficacy of the liver screening program was found to be insufficient and BMI monitoring may provide a more suitable and inexpensive alternative. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the program is open to question, considering the generally benign prognosis of the disease in the absence of any accompanying morbid conditions and the high price of the program.
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PMID:Efficacy and effectiveness of liver screening program to detect fatty liver in the periodic health check-ups. 1561 64


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