Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy of Shosaiko-to (SST) on 222 patients with chronic active hepatitis was studied in a double-blind multicenter clinical study. One hundred and sixteen patients received SST in a daily oral dose of 5.4 g for 12 weeks, followed by the same dose for a further 12 weeks. One hundred and six patients received a placebo containing 0.5 g of SST for 12 weeks, followed by a cross-over to SST for a further 12 weeks. Among the liver tests, serum AST and ALT values decreased significantly with the administration of SST. The difference of the mean value between the SST group and the placebo group was significant after 12 weeks. In patients with chronic active type B hepatitis, a tendency towards a decrease of HBeAg and an increase of Anti-HBe antibodies was also observed. No remarkable side effects were noticed.
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PMID:A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial of Shosaiko-to in chronic active hepatitis. 269 17

Although case reports of herpes simplex virus (HSV) causing acute hepatitis in otherwise healthy adults have appeared recently in the literature, a prospective study of the incidence of HSV-hepatitis in the general population hitherto has not been reported. In the present study, serum samples from 124 young adults attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic with either genital herpes infections (n = 86) or non-herpes sexually transmitted diseases (n = 38) (controls) were analyzed for liver enzyme abnormalities (including aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]). Twelve of eighty-six (14%) herpes-infected patients had mildly abnormal liver enzyme tests (less than or equal to twice the upper limit of normal) as opposed to only 1 of 38 controls (2.6%), (P less than .05). All individuals in the herpes-hepatitis group were anicteric, and only two complained of constitutional symptoms (malaise and fatigue). Liver enzyme tests were repeated in nine herpes-hepatitis patients 1 week after their genital lesions had resolved, and in six of nine patients the results had returned to within normal limits. Four patients subsequently returned at the onset of a recurrence of their genital herpes. In all four, serum ALT levels were elevated from the previous occasion, and in three of the four levels just exceeded the upper limit of normal. One patient was followed through three recurrences of his genital herpes. In that individual, the extent of liver enzyme abnormalities appeared to correlate with the presence or absence of his genital lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Genital herpes and hepatitis in healthy young adults. 301 68

Icteric patients with clinical and biochemical evidence of liver disease, admitted into various hospitals in Malaysia, were investigated to determine the cause of their infection. Of these patients, 11.0% (16/145) were found positive for IgM anti-HAV (EIA), 4.1% (6/145) for IgM anti-HBc (EIA), 1.0% (1/102) for IgM anti-CMV (ELISA), 17.2% (16/64) for rising titres of leptospiral agglutinin, and none for heterophile antibody of EBV. Hepatitis NANB accounted for 67.9% of cases. The mean serum transaminases (ALT and AST) values in patients with hepatitis A and B were higher (more than 500IU) than in patients with leptospirosis or non-A, non-B hepatitis, whereas serum bilirubin levels were higher in patients with hepatitis A and leptospirosis than in patients with hepatitis B.
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PMID:Aetiology of acute hepatitis in Malaysia. 302 25

The ratio of the serum aspartate to alanine amino-transferase levels (AST/ALT) is often used as a clue to the etiology of the underlying liver disease. This ratio is usually greater than 2.0 in alcoholic liver disease and less than 1.0 in patients with chronic hepatitis and chronic cholestatic syndromes. We analyzed the AST/ALT ratio in 177 patients with various forms of nonalcoholic chronic liver disease who underwent medical evaluation and percutaneous liver biopsy. In the majority of cases of chronic viral hepatitis, the AST/ALT ratio was less than 1.0. However, there was a statistically significant correlation between the AST/ALT ratio and the presence of cirrhosis. Among 100 patients with chronic type B hepatitis, the mean AST/ALT ratio was 0.59 in those without cirrhosis and 1.02 in those with cirrhosis. Furthermore, the AST/ALT ratio often rose to greater than 1.0 when cirrhosis first became manifest. Thus, the finding of an AST/ALT ratio of greater than 1.0 in a patient with nonalcoholic liver disease should suggest the presence of cirrhosis. In addition, the use of the AST/ALT ratio as a means of separating alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease must be tempered with the knowledge that this ratio may be less helpful in the presence of cirrhosis.
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PMID:Ratio of serum aspartate to alanine aminotransferase in chronic hepatitis. Relationship to cirrhosis. 313 26

Post-infusion hepatitis is known to occur very frequently in haemophiliacs after treatment with unheated commercial clotting factor concentrates, obtained from large plasma donation pool. On the contrary, single-donor cryoprecipitate is likely to carry a lower risk of transmitting hepatitis. To evaluate this hypothesis, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 25 first infused haemophiliacs (from 1981 to 1984) treated with unheated commercial clotting factor concentrates (n = 19) or cryoprecipitate (n = 6). The hepatitis-free interval after the beginning of therapy was expressed as exposure days. The end point of each patient, i.e. the hepatitis occurrence, was defined as an increase of amino-transferases (ALT and AST) and/or the seroconversion of HBV-markers, which were checked every three months. The life-table method and log-rank test showed that cryoprecipitates had a significantly longer hepatitis-free interval (p = 0.0131, log-rank test) and a lower risk of transmitting hepatitis (p = 0.01-0.05, life-table method) than the commercial concentrates. However, the safety of cryoprecipitate therapy was shown to cover only a few exposure days, and so the real advantage of this product depends on the bleeding frequency of the patient concerned. We believe that these methods and our findings may be useful to assess and compare the safety of the new "heat-treated" clotting factor concentrates.
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PMID:Hepatitis-free interval after clotting factor therapy in first infused haemophiliacs. 356 60

Increased alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST) serum levels are usually considered expressions of cellular necrosis, especially in hepatocytes. They represent cellular damage due to burn which, according to many authors, becomes normal before discharge of patients. We studied 43 consecutive burned patients, both during and after recovery, from a minimum of 120 to a maximum of 640 days, and an average of 18.62 blood samples were taken from each patient. Hepatitis A and B markers were tested. Results showed a 67.44% increase in aminotransferases in patients during recovery and a 25.58% increase after discharge. No neopositivity was observed for hepatitis A and B markers. We therefore conclude that the increase of enzymes during recovery expresses a toxic-infective phase and this increase, contrary to what was believed, does not always drop to normal values at time of discharge. Instead, after discharge, higher values can be a manifestation of a Non-A Non-B hepatitis.
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PMID:Alanine and aspartate aminotransferase serum levels in burned patients: a long-term study. 361 54

Although copper is believed to be hepatotoxic in Wilson's disease and Indian Childhood Cirrhosis (ICC), the rat shows only minimal hepatic damage on copper-loading. To investigate the possibility that copper deposition may potentiate the effects of a superimposed hepatitis, D-galactosamine (GalN) was given to copper-loaded and control rats. In the non-copper-dosed rats, GalN 0.85 g/kg i.p. produced elevated serum AST (3731 +/- 545 IU/l; normal 64.8 +/- 2.1), ALT (2090 +/- 190 IU/l; normal 18.0 +/- 0.7), and OCT (16.7 +/- 2.6 mmol/min/ml; normal 0.12 +/- 0), and liver cell necrosis with portal infiltration. In rats whose liver copper was elevated to 1298 +/- 169 micrograms/g (control 18.7 +/- 1.7) by oral copper supplementation, GalN produced much smaller increases in AST (825 +/- 122 IU/l), ALT (103 +/- 15 IU/l) and OCT (0.27 +/- 0.02 mmol/min/ml) and minimal histological damage. Viable bacterial cell counts from faecal homogenates showed that the anaerobically cultured bacteria were reduced on copper-dosing of rats. Therefore the protective effect of copper may be due to a decrease in gut-derived endotoxin acting on the liver, or to an impaired prostaglandin synthesis or perhaps to synthesis of acute phase reactants.
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PMID:Copper protects against galactosamine-induced hepatitis. 365 8

The prevalence of delta coinfection in course of acute B hepatitis has been studied in two periods (September-November 1984: 51 cases; April-June 1985: 50 cases). The prevalence resulted of 37.2% in the first period and of 48% in the second, without a statistically significant increase. Delta coinfection did not show greater severity, as evaluated by the levels of AST, ALT, total bilirubin and prothrombin activity, than hepatitis B not coinfected. The only factor of risk statistically significant for the acquisition of delta coinfection was i.v. drug abuse.
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PMID:[Delta co-infection: prevalence, severity and association with risk factors]. 382 88

A double-blind trial with thymomodulin (TM) was performed in a consecutive series of 50 inpatients affected with acute type B hepatitis. Twenty-six randomly selected patients received TM (Leucotrofina, Ellem), 1 ampoule b.i.d. per os for 30 days, and 24 patients received the same amount of placebo for the same period. TM-treated patients showed accelerated AST and ALT decrease and an earlier HBsAg clearance. However, only the difference in ALT decrease was statistically significant in comparison with the controls (p less than 0.02). Before the treatment was started, lymphocyte subsets, as determined by monoclonal antibodies, showed a different pattern in the two groups despite strict randomization. Nevertheless, by the end of the trial, mean T4+/T8+ ratios were increased in the treated group, but remained unchanged in the control group. The trends in the two groups were significantly different (p less than 0.005). Further information is expected from a long-term follow-up.
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PMID:Attempt to treat acute type B hepatitis with an orally administered thymic extract (thymomodulin): preliminary results. 391 38

Viral hepatitis in chimpanzees produces negligible symptomatology, and serum aminotransferase changes may be minimal. To maximize the predictive value of these determinations, which are the only serum indicators available for non-A non-B (NANB) hepatitis infection, normal ranges for aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST, ALT) were examined and categorized according to age and sex. Males were found to have higher values than females, and adults higher values than juveniles. The kinetic method used and the values obtained are described. Differences in methodologies and reporting units are discussed.
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PMID:The clinical chemistry of chimpanzees. I. Determination of aminotransferase baseline values for hepatitis studies. 615 21


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