Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

'Ausria II' polystyrene beads (Abbott Labs, N. Chicago) are reacted with woodchuck serum positive for WHsAg in a dilution predetermined by titration. This modified bead is used in a blocking assay to detect the presence of antibody to the surface antigen of woodchuck hepatitis virus (anti-WHs). Serum containing woodchuck anti-WHs and commercial horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled anti-HBs are sequentially added. A drop in optical density at 492 nm of 50% or more due to the blocking of HRP conjugated anti-HBs by anti-WHs compared with a control (negative woodchuck serum) is a measure of anti-WHs. The ease and simplicity of converting readily available 'Ausria II' beads to specific reagents for detecting anti-WHs should be welcomed by investigators studying WHV. The method described is both sensitive and reproducible.
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PMID:The hybrid EIA test: a specific and sensitive assay for the detection of woodchuck antibody to hepatitis surface antigen (anti-WHs). 339 3

An immunofluorescence technique using antibodies against the Fc and Fab fragments of human IgG (IgGH) was used to study the absorption of proteins by the intestinal epithelial cells of rainbow trout after oral or anal administration. Cellular absorption of a high molecular weight protein, hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg), was also studied by using two monoclonal antibodies, one specific for the confirmation of the antigen (implying disulfide bridges), and the other that reacts with the constituent polypeptides. Both absorbed IgGH and HBsAg were seen to be segregated in the apical vacuolar system, a characteristic feature of intestinal epithelial cells. The same antibodies were used with an everted sac technique in conjunction with immunofluorescence, to show the intravacuolar degradation of IgGH and HBsAg following absorption. By using an antibody against cathepsin D, it was possible to demonstrate, by immunofluorescence, the localization of this enzyme in the same vacuolar system. After coupling the antibody to peroxidase or to the protein A/colloidalgold complex, the ultrastructural antigenic sites of cathepsin D could be seen to be localized in the interior of the vacuoles. The vacuolar localization of a cathepsin B activity was determined by incubating sections of intestinal mucosa, or isolated epithelial cells, with a specific synthetic substrate (Z-Ala-Arg-Arg-methoxynaphthylamide). The supranuclear hyaloplasmic vacuoles of intestinal epithelial cells may be considered to be phagolysosomes that assure the degradation of absorbed proteins. This function may be of fundamental importance in the in the nutritional processes of this species.
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PMID:Immunological demonstration of intestinal absorption and digestion of protein macromolecules in the trout (Salmo gairdneri). 352 26

Patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, spondylosis, coxarthrosis, ankylosing spondylitis, chronic active and chronic alcoholic hepatitis were studied. The plasma vitamin E content remained unchanged. The TBA-reactive plasma substances (malondialdehyde) content of plasma increased in all patients except those with ankylosing spondylitis. Catalase activity of plasma increased in patients of both sexes suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and spondylosis and coxarthrosis, but decreased in the two hepatitis groups. The glutathione-peroxidase activity of RBC (1:9 haemolysate) increased in female rheumatoid arthritis patients and decreased in those suffering from chronic alcoholic hepatitis. The results showed that chronic inflammatory processes affect the rate of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the biological antioxidant mechanism.
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PMID:Vitamin E content and lipid peroxidation of blood in some chronic inflammatory diseases. 359 51

Mammalian reoviruses are connected with a variety of humans diseases, including gastroenteritis, malabsorption and hepatitis. Recently, reovirus-3 was found to be associated with neonatal biliary atresia. We describe a technique for the rapid isolation and identification of reovirus-3. Mouse fibroblasts (L 929 cells) were grown in monolayers in a RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% calf serum. The cytopathic effects were visualized by the rounding of the L 929 cells and the appearance of fine granulation in the cytoplasm 48 h after the infection. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed swelling and rounding of the infected cells, diminished chromatin in the nuclei, and the absence of mitoses. The immunohistochemical staining by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique was positive in the infected monolayers of the L 929 cells. The positive staining was limited to cytoplasmic inclusions, which were surrounded by a halo and sometimes by vacuoles. We conclude that the described technique is useful for the rapid isolation and identification of reovirus-3.
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PMID:Rapid isolation and identification of reovirus-3. 368 Apr 64

Tubuloreticular inclusions (TRI) developed within the endoplasmic reticulum of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) sampled from eight patients with chronic type B hepatitis during cycles of therapy with DNA-recombinant human alpha-interferon (rIFN alpha A). Each cycle of therapy consisted of a series of six intramuscular injections (triweekly) of a fixed dose of rIFN alpha A (from 18 to 68 X 10(6) IU/dose). In PBMC examined by transmission electron microscopy, TRI were absent prior to therapy and developed during therapy in all cases. Peak serum levels of alpha-interferon (320 to 960 IU/ml) were achieved within 12 hours. At 24 hours. TRI were detected in 0.5 to 6.5% of PBMC sections, and they persisted in 1.4 to 6.8% of sections examined at 48 hours. After five sequential interferon doses, TRI were observed in 1.6 to 9.8% of PBMC sections. TRI could no longer be detected at 5 to 16 days after cessation of rIFN alpha A, but they reappeared during subsequent cycles of therapy. Subpopulations of the PBMC with TRI were differentiated by immunoelectron microscopy utilizing a battery of anti-Leu monoclonal antibodies: surface markers of T cells, helper/inducer or cytotoxic/suppressor T cell subsets, natural killer cells, or B-cells were identified by direct or indirect procedures utilizing avidin and biotinylated peroxidase. In cases analyzed with multiple monoclonal antisera, TRI were expressed in all of the major PBMC subpopulations. Monocytes with TRI were demonstrated by the endogenous peroxidase reaction. TRI were not found in circulating polymorphonuclear granulocytes. Lymphocytes isolated from healthy donors and exposed to rIFN alpha A (100 IU/ml), for 48 to 72 hours in vitro, developed TRI in proportions of PBMC sections (2.3 to 8.4%) comparable to those observed in the interferon-treated patients. Stimulation of lymphocytes with concanavalin A, for 72 hours before rIFN alpha A exposure, enhanced formation of TRI which could then be found in T blasts. Stimulation of donor lymphocytes with Sendai virus, a potent inducer of alpha-interferon, also resulted in formation of TRI by 48 hours. This suggested that lymphocytotrophic virus infections could exercise a primary role in the natural pathogenesis of TRI.
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PMID:Tubuloreticular inclusions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells related to systemic therapy with alpha-interferon. 389 55

National Institute of Preventive Medicine (NIPM) has succeeded in the development of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. The sandwich principle was used for the test. Guinea pig anti-HBs IgG was used for coating microtiter plates and Horseradish peroxidase was conjugated with goat specific anti-HBs. Its stability is longer than 4 months. The lowest detectable dose is 0.7 ng/ml or better for subtype ad of HBsAg tested with Hepatitis Sensitivity Panel, Bureau of Drug and Food, Department of Health. The regression curve was determined by testing 66 samples with Auszyme II (EIA Kit. Abbott Lab.) and NIPM Kit, while Auszyme II used as a reference kit. The two EIA kits correlated well with a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.86. Evaluation on 1,157 patients' and officers' serum samples in Tri-Service General Hospital showed that the positive rate was 24.7% (286/1,157) by RIA (Clinical Assays, Travenol Lab., USA) and that of NIPM EIA Kit was 24.4% (282/1,157). There was no statistical significance in terms of positive rate (p greater than 0.05). The positive rates of 534 blood donors are 22.1% (118/534) and 21.9% (117/534) respectively. Another evaluation on 974 serum samples in National Taiwan University Hospital showed that the positive rate was 27.2% (265/974) by Ausria II-125 (RIA. Abbott Lab.) and that of NIPM EIA Kit was 27.4% (267/974). The undetectable rate and false positive rate of NIPM EIA Kit were 0.41% (4/974) and 0.62% (6/974) respectively. In comparison with four other kind of commercial EIA Kits, the results of NIPM EIA Kit were satisfactory also. We have scaled up the reagent preparations for the kit, except the antibody coated microtiter plate preparation. At the end of March 1985 we will supply 850 EIA kits for the Development Center for Biotechnology for their hepatitis B vaccine production program.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of a domestically prepared enzyme immunoassay kit for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen]. 389 43

Monoclonal hybridoma antibodies (MAb) of defined polypeptide specificity and biological activity were used in a competition binding assay to identify antibody binding sites (epitopes) on the glycoproteins of murine hepatitis virus-4 strain JHM (MHV-4). Individual MAb were labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and used as probes in a competition enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Four topographically distinct antigenic sites were detected on the E2 glycoprotein of MHV-4. Antibodies reacting with these four determinants provisionally designated A(E2), B(E2), C(E2), and D(E2) had corresponding biological activities (M. J. Buchmeier, H. A. Lewicki, P. J. Talbot, and R. L. Knobler (1984) Virology 132, 261-270). Antibodies to sites A(E2) and B(E2) mediated virus neutralization in vitro and passively protected mice against lethal virus challenge in vivo. Antibody to site C(E2) neutralized virus efficiently in vitro but did not alter disease in vivo, while antibody to site D(E2) neither neutralized nor protected. Two major nonoverlapping antigenic sites were defined on the E1 glycoprotein. Overlapping epitopes A(E1) and B(E1) constituted one site and epitope C(E1) the other.
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PMID:Topographical mapping of epitopes on the glycoproteins of murine hepatitis virus-4 (strain JHM): correlation with biological activities. 619 88

For the first time, hepatitis A viral antigen (HAAg) was shown in liver biopsy tissue from a patient in the acute phase of hepatitis type A by light and electron microscopy, using the peroxidase-antibody technique. Under light microscopy, the staining for HAAg appeared as a fine, granular reaction product, scattered throughout the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and sinusoidal lining cells. Standard thin-section electron microscopy revealed virus-like particles, 24 to 27 nm in diameter, in cytoplasmic vesicles of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. By immunoperoxidase electron microscopy, HAAg was detected on particles aggregated within cytoplasmic vesicles of hepatocytes, thus demonstrating that the virus-like particles (24 to 27 nm) are hepatitis A virus. The surrounding membrane of the vesicles was also positive for HAAg. The distribution patterns of HAAg in human liver were virtually identical to those described for experimentally infected marmosets. It is notable that most HAAg was detected within vesicles of liver cell cytoplasm, suggesting the possibility of vesicle-oriented morphogenesis of hepatitis A virus.
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PMID:Detection of hepatitis A antigen in human liver. 628 Nov 90

An autopsy case of pulmonary hypertension in a 29-year-old Japanese female with macronodular, posthepatic liver cirrhosis and hepatitis-B antigenemia was presented. No recognizable known cardio-pulmonary disease or portal thrombosis was obtained. Hepatitis-B antigen was demonstrated in the cirrhotic hepatocytes by a specific peroxidase antiperoxidase method. Characteristic pulmonary arterial changes including plexiform lesions with varying developmental stages were widely observed throughout the lungs. Complication of these two distinct disease processes seems to be rarely encountered in the literature. Discussion was focused on the possible interrelationship between the liver cirrhosis with hepatitis-B antigenemia and pulmonary hypertension. Proposed were presumptive underlying humoral, particularly immunological, abnormalities common to these diseases rather than mere incidental complications.
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PMID:Pulmonary hypertension associated with liver cirrhosis and hepatitis-B antigenemia. 634 Feb 45

An attempt was made to prepare enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The diagnostic reagents were prepared by the 'sandwich" principle in which polystyrene microtiter plates were used. Two-step glutaraldehyde coupling procedure was used for the preparation of antibody-peroxidase (horseradish) conjugate. Purified anti-HBs IgG fraction of guinea pig antisera was used for coating plates and for antibody-enzyme conjugate preparation. This method had been compared with Ausria II-125 (RIA, Abbott Lab.) in 423 government employees. Among 80 (18.9%) positive results six were inconsistent reactions by Ausria II-125. Only one of the six positive specimens was repeatedly positive and was confirmed by Auszyme II (EIA, Abbott Lab.). 14 out of the 343 (81.1%) negative results were positive reactions detected by Ausria II-125. A half of them was still negative detected by Auszyme II. The lowest detectable dose of our EIA, in which the Hepatitis Sensitivity Panel-5 (Abbott Lab.) was used and incubation period was set for 2 hr., was 3.2 ng/ml for ad subtype of HBsAg. While that of Auszyme II was 0.93 ng/ml.
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PMID:Preparation of enzyme immunoassay kit for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. 637 51


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