Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a rare immunologic reaction that may involve skin or various mucosal surfaces. The etiology may range from multiple pharmacologic agents to viral infections. Associated findings can range from minimal skin and mucosal involvement to extensive dermal exfoliation, nephritis, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, and multiple serologic abnormalities. We report a 36 year-old caucasian male who developed a pruritic, raised maculopapular eruption on Day 17 of intravenous vancomycin for treatment of probable bacterial endocarditis. The vancomycin was discontinued. The patient had received a prosthetic aortic valve subsequent to acute rheumatic valve disease 20 years earlier, but had been well until development of endocarditis. The rash became more extensive to involve the torso, abdomen, legs, and arms. His fever persisted, and he developed neutropenia and eosinophilia. Axillary and inguinal lymphadenopathy, pharyngeal irritation, lip swelling, conjunctival injection, and elevated liver function studies also developed following cessation of the vancomycin. Eight days after eruption and fever began, corticosteroid therapy was instituted, with subsequent improvement of symptoms in less than 24 hours. Allergic reactions to vancomycin have included Stevens-Johnson syndrome rarely, and only one other case of adenopathy has been recorded. Most reactions have been in patients with severe renal insufficiency. We believe this patient is the first case of vancomycin-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome in a previously healthy patient to be complicated by lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, and multiple serologic abnormalities.
Allergy Asthma Proc
PMID:Vancomycin-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome. 893 97

Processes for the large-scale fractionation of human plasma using cold ethanol were initially developed by Edwin Cohn and his colleagues at Harvard to provide albumin as a treatment for shock in World War II. Procedures for further purification of gamma globulins and other proteins precipitating at lower concentrations of ethanol were then developed by Oncley et al. Gamma globulin rapidly replaced convalescent and animal sera for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases such as measles, hepatitis, and polio, then came into widespread use as replacement therapy in the primary immune deficiencies, which emerged in the antibiotic era of the early 1950s. Although it took 40 years to develop preparations of gamma globulin that could be safely given intravenously, the eventual accomplishment of that goal has led to better treatment of antibody deficiency syndromes and also the wide use of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Those uses continue to expand even as monoclonal antibodies are being introduced for specific infectious diseases in high-risk populations.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2002 Sep
PMID:A history of immune globulin therapy, from the Harvard crash program to monoclonal antibodies. 1216 2

Chediak - Higashi Syndrome (CHS) is a rare, primary Immunodeficiency disorder with an autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance and characterized by recurrent infection, partial occulocutaneous albinism and an accelerated phase.In this report we describe clinical and laboratory findings from 6 CHS patients. Clinical and laboratory information of six patients who were referred to our center during the last 20 years (from 1983 - 2003) were reviewed.Onset age of disease was between 3 months to 10 years. All patients had history of consanguineous parents and two patients were siblings. All patients had oculocutaneous albinism, nystagmus, recurrent infections which included upper and lower respiratory tract (U and LRT) infections, stomatitis, thrush, and skin abscesses and hepatitis. In laboratory findings, all patients had neutropenia and normal immunoglobulins and normal CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD19 lymphocyte by flowcytometry and three of the four patients had chemotatic defect. Five patients certainly had giant granule in bone marrow neutrophil and in one patient it was equiovocal. Three patients had an accelerated phase, and for one patient bone marrow transplantation was done that was tolerated well and had been well after 7 years.We emphasize the need for early diagnosis on basis of characteristic facies and diagnostic laboratory examinations and early bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in patients.
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2003 Dec
PMID:Report of six cases of chediak-higashi syndrome with regard to clinical and laboratory findings. 1730 79

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) represents a group of inherited disorders of phagocytic system, manifesting recurrent infections at different sites. The present study was accomplished in order to determine the gastrointestinal manifestations of CGD patients. Fifty-seven patients (38 males and 19 females) with CGD, who had been referred to three immunodeficiency referral centers in Iran, were studied during a 24-year period (1980-2004). The median age at the time of study was 14.5 years old (1-56 years). The median onset age of symptoms was 5 months (1 month- 13.75 years), and that of diagnostic age was 5 years (2 months- 54.1 years), with a diagnostic delay of 33 months, on average. Seven patients were presented with acute diarrhea, 3 with oral candidiasis, and 2 with liver abscesses as the first chief complaints. Twenty-four cases (42.1%) had been complicated by gastrointestinal manifestations during their course of the disease. Of those, 12 cases (21.1%) had diarrhea, 7 (12.3%) oral candidiasis, 5 (8.8%) hepatitis, 4 (7.0%) hepatic abscess, and 2 cases (3.5%) gastric outlet obstruction. Also, failure to thrive was detected in 6 patients (10.5%). Four patients died (7%). CGD should be excluded in any patient with gastrointestinal manifestations especially chronic diarrhea, hepatic abscess, and gastric outlet obstruction.
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004 Jun
PMID:Gastrointestinal manifestations of patients with chronic granulomatous disease. 1730 97

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent bacterial infections especially in respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. We present here 2 cases of CVID with gastrointestinal complications.Case 1 is a 25-year-old man with a history of chronic diarrhoea from childhood. Ultrasonography revealed ascites, with liver size smaller than normal. Liver biopsy showed non-specific hepatitis. Lymphoid proliferation and Histiocytosis were reported in his ascites cytology. Moreover friability in colonoscopy due to moderate active chronic colitis was detected. Case 2 is a 26-year-old man with chronic diarrhoea since 8 years. Abdominal sonography revealed increased liver echogenicity, increased liver size, and some enlarged lymph nodes beside pancreas. Colonoscopy revealed friability and decreased vascularity while biopsy showed moderate active chronic colitis. Lymph node biopsy showed unusual immunologic reaction. Moreover, small bowel transition test showed nodularity. CVID should be considered in any patient with gastrointestinal manifestations especially chronic diarrhoea in association with recurrent bacterial infections in other organs. Diagnostic delay results in more morbidity and complications in untreated patients..
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004 Sep
PMID:Gastrointestinal complications in two patients with common variable immunodeficiency. 1730 7

This article presents a case report of a 41-year-old male firefighter with cholecystitis and a history of mildly elevated alanine aminotransferase. Liver biopsy showed periodic acid Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant periportal globules. Retrospective review of clinical data revealed progressive lung function decline despite absent pulmonary symptoms and normal pulmonary function testing. The following disorders should be considered in any patient with elevated transaminases without an apparent etiology: viral hepatitides, medication toxicity, autoimmune hepatitis, alcohol-induced hepatic injury, and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.
Allergy Asthma Proc
PMID:Liver enzyme elevation and normal pulmonary function in an adult with a declining forced expiratory volume in 1 second. 1853 93

Little is known about the general healthcare needs of detainees in police custody. The aims of this study were to: determine the level of general health issues, diseases and/or pathology for detainees in police custody, and to determine how well those general health issues, diseases and/or pathology are being managed. This was done by a detailed analysis of healthcare issues of a cohort of detainees and reviewing intended and prescribed medication needs with current medication availability. In August 2007, a prospective detailed, anonymised, structured questionnaire survey was undertaken of 201 detainees in police custody in London, UK. Of these 83.6% consented to participate in the study. 85.1% of subjects were male; mean age was 33.9 years; 70.8% had English as a first language; 13.7% were of no fixed abode; 70.2% were registered with a general practitioner (primary care physician); 25% were already in contact with other healthcare teams; 7.1% had previously been sectioned under the Mental Health Act 1983; 16.7% had previously intentionally self-injured; 33.9% were dependent on heroin, 33.9% on crack cocaine; 25% on alcohol, 16.6% on benzodiazepines and 63.1% on cigarettes. 56% of subjects had active medical conditions; of those with active medical conditions 74% were prescribed medication for those medical conditions; only 3/70 had their medication available. 28/70 were not taking medication regularly, and many were not taking it at all. Three subjects who had deep vein thromboses were not taking their prescribed anticoagulants and six subjects with severe mental health issues were not taking their anti-psychotic medication. Mental health issues and depression predominated, but there was a very large range of mixed diseases and pathology. Asthma, epilepsy, diabetes, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, hepatitis, and hypertension were all represented. The study has achieved its aims and has also shown that--in part because of the chaotic lifestyle of many detainees--appropriate care was not being rendered, thereby, putting both detainee, and potentially others coming into contact with them, at risk.
 ...
PMID:Healthcare issues of detainees in police custody in London, UK. 2008 45

Drug allergy to antibiotics may occur in the form of immediate or non-immediate (delayed) hypersensitivity reactions. Immediate reactions are usually IgE-mediated whereas non-immediate hypersensitivity reactions are usually non-IgE or T-cell mediated. The clinical manifestations of antibiotic allergy may be cutaneous, organ-specific (e.g., blood dyscracias, hepatitis, interstitial nephritis), systemic (e.g., anaphylaxis, drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome) or various combinations of these. Severe cutaneous adverse reactions manifesting as Stevens Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) may be potentially life-threatening. The management of antibiotic allergy begins with the identification of the putative antibiotic from a detailed and accurate drug history, complemented by validated in-vivo and in-vitro allergological tests. This will facilitate avoidance of the putative antibiotic through patient education, use of drug alert cards, and electronic medical records with in-built drug allergy/adverse drug reaction prescription and dispensing checks. Knowledge of the evidence for specific antibiotic cross-reactivities is also important in patient education. Apart from withdrawal of the putative antibiotic, immunomodulatory agents like high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins may have a role in TEN. Drug desensitization where the benefits outweigh the risks, and where no alternative antibiotics can be used for various reasons, may be considered in certain situations. Allergological issues pertaining to electronic drug allergy alerts, computerized physician prescriptions and decision support systems, and antibiotic de-escalation in antimicrobial stewardship programmes are also discussed.
Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2010 Apr
PMID:Update on the management of antibiotic allergy. 2035 21

Celiac disease has been associated with other autoimmune disorders such as autoimmune hepatitis, moreover it is known that T cell mediated immune response to dietary gluten and released cytokines are important for the entheropathy seen in celiac disease. We investigated celiac autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Sera from 84 patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) type 1 and 88 patients with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) were tested for Immunoglobulin A and G antibodies to Gliadin, Immunoglobulin A antibodies to tissue transglutaminase using enzyme immunoassay, and Immunoglobulin A anti-endomysial antibodies by both indirect immunofluorescence, and enzyme immunoassay. The patients positive for anti-endomysial antibodies and/or anti tissue transglutaminase antibodies were considered for deuodenal biopsy. The study was approved by Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Ethics Committee and all patients gave their written informed consent to participate.Immunoglobulin A anti-endomysial and Immunoglobulin A anti-gliadin antibodies were positive in two out of 84 patients with AIH. Moreover, Immunoglobulin A anti-gliadin antibodies were positive in another patient who was also positive for anti tissue transglutaminase antibodies. Tissue transglutaminase antibodies were positive in eight (9.1%) of 88 patients with CHB, two of which were also positive for anti-endomysial antibodies. One of the patients with CHB was only positive for anti-endomysial antibodies.Compared with the general population, the prevalence of celiac autoantibodies in CHB and AIH patients is relatively high, and it is noteworthy that most positive patients were asymptomatic for celiac disease. We suggest screening for celiac disease before and during treatment in patients with viral and autoimmune hepatitis.
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2010 Sep
PMID:The prevalence of celiac autoantibodies in hepatitis patients. 2095 5

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) is a unique pathogen that causes not only pulmonary but also extrapulmonary manifestations that must be rapidly diagnosed. A 12-year-old boy, with no relevant medical history, presented with fever, severe epigastric pain, and vomiting. Laboratory findings showed fulminant and cholestatic hepatitis, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, acute myocardial infarction, and rhabdomyolysis. His clinical condition rapidly deteriorated during intubation and continuous renal replacement therapy. Despite intensive treatment, he did not recover. We report a case of fulminant and fatal multiple organ failure in a previously healthy boy with Mp infection, describing the possible pathomechanisms of multiple organ failure involved in the disease.
Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2012 Jan
PMID:Fulminant and Fatal Multiple Organ Failure in a 12-Year-Old Boy With Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection. 2221 Nov 73


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