Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Young women who use oral contraceptives over a period of years are prone to the development of hepatic tumors, which must be correctly diagnosed and treated. A 24-year old woman who had used various oral contraceptives (Neogynon 21, Lyndiol, Microgynon) for over 5 years developed a hepatocellular carcinoma of the left hepatic lobe. The diagnosis was reached on the basis of laboratory tests as well as the results of laparoscopic, angiographic, x-ray, sonographic, and scintigrammic examinations. An attempt to remove the tumor surgically resulted in a fatal mass bleeding. No metastiasis of the carcinoma could be established. An examination of the liver revealed an Australia-antigen-positive, chronic-aggressive hepatitis.
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PMID:[Malignant liver tumor after oral contraception]. 45

Microval, a low dose progestin oral contraceptive (OC) containing .03 mg levonorgestrel, provides contraception through 3 mechanisms: rendering the cervical mucus impermeable to sperm, slowing the descent of the egg through the fallopian tube, and causing endometrial atrophy unfavorable to nidation. The Pearl index is about 1%. Formal contraindications to Microval include suspicion of pregnancy, recent history of hepatitis or hepatic insufficiency, and breast or uterine cancer, while relative contraindications include ovarian dystrophy, mastopathy, and history of extrauterine pregnancy, jaundice, or pruritus of pregnancy. As with any other OC, a complete physical examination should be done before prescription to rule out contraindications, and follow-up examinations should be given twice yearly. Irregular cycles, spotting, amenorrhea, edema, and breast discomfort are not unusual at the beginning of treatment. Rifampicine, barbiturates, phenylbutazone, and the hydantoin group of drugs render Microval ineffective. The pill should be taken every day without exception at the same hour, and it is advisable to use another method of contraception during the 1st month of Microval use. A single pill taken 12 hours late can bring a risk of pregnancy. Low dose progestins are of interest for patients with contraindications to synthetic estrogens who desire an OC, but they can induce a relative hyperestrogenism with ovarian dystrophy and other symptoms, and they can cause menstrual irregularity.
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PMID:[Microval]. 392 36

Outlined is a protocol for the administration of emergency contraceptive pills. The indication for such treatment is unprotected intercourse within the past 72 hours. Absolute contraindications include the possibility of an existing pregnancy and a family history of stroke, heart attack, thrombophlebitis, breast or endometrial cancer, or liver tumor. Possibly excluded, depending on evaluation by a physician, are women with abnormal vaginal bleeding, active hepatitis, active gallbladder disease, high blood pressure, acute focal migraine, breastfeeding women, and those unable to understand instructions. The recommended regimen consists of six tablets of Ovral (two taken immediately, two more in 12 hours) or 12 tablets of Lo/Ovral, Nordette, or Levlen (four taken immediately, repeat dosage in 12 hours). The extra pills are to be used in cases of vomiting within three hours of pill ingestion. Women with a history of oral contraceptive-related nausea and vomiting should be provided with Compazine. Women should be informed that this method is effective in only about 92% of cases. All women who receive emergency contraception should be counseled that this is strictly a back-up method and helped to formulate a long-term birth control strategy.
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PMID:Emergency contraceptive pills (ECP) protocol. 1228 80