Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study assessed whether route of cocaine administration (intravenous vs. intranasal) influences cocaine abstinence during the first 6 weeks of outpatient treatment. Fifty-nine persons received behavioral treatment or standard drug counselling in an outpatient clinic. Based on information collected at intake, intravenous users had fewer years of education, were employed in less skilled jobs, were less likely to be married, reported more negative consequences from cocaine use, reported using more cocaine per occasion and spent more money on cocaine per week than intranasal users. Intravenous and intranasal users did not differ significantly in the average duration of continuous cocaine abstinence (mean = 2.6 vs. mean = 3.3 weeks achieved during 6 weeks of treatment). The duration of abstinence between intravenous and intranasal users was equal in the behavioral treatment (mean = 4.2). In standard treatment the average duration was less among intravenous than intranasal users (mean = 0.9 vs. mean = 2.4), but that difference did not achieve statistical significance. Hepatitis and employment instability were associated with shorter periods of cocaine abstinence among intravenous users, whereas employment instability, lower job skill level, drug use severity and reports of memory loss were associated with shorter periods of cocaine abstinence among intranasal users. These results indicate that i.v. cocaine users can achieve a period of initial abstinence in an outpatient setting comparable to the duration of typical inpatient hospitalizations, although special types of outpatient treatment may be necessary to obtain a positive outcome.
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PMID:Relationship between intravenous use and achieving initial cocaine abstinence. 850 24

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia. It is characterized by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, and impairment of the central cholinergic system, which contribute to memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. Cholinesterase inhibitors prevent the hydrolysis of acetylcholine and are currently approved for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Donepezil, a piperidine-based, reversible and specific inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, has been demonstrated to be clinically effective in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate AD. To date, clinical trials have not reported an association between treatment with donepezil and hepatotoxicity. We describe a case of toxic hepatitis, documented by liver biopsy, in a patient treated with donepezil.
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PMID:Donepezil-related toxic hepatitis. 1918 68

Reactivation of human herpesvirus (HHV)-6B is a relatively common occurrence after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), and it is associated with the development of various post-transplant complications. HHV-6 encephalitis appears to be a significant, life-threatening complication caused by HHV-6B reactivation. HHV-6 encephalitis typically develops 2-6 weeks after SCT, and the symptoms are characterized by memory loss, seizures, and consciousness loss. Magnetic resonance imaging typically shows limbic encephalitis. Recent large-scale studies and a prospective study showed a similar incidence of HHV-6 encephalitis development, with 7.9-9.9% in cord blood transplant recipients and 0.5-1.2% in bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplant recipients. Epidemiological studies suggest that post-transplant immune reactions such as GVHD, pre-engraftment immune reaction, or engraftment syndrome play important roles in the development of HHV-6 encephalitis. The mortality rate remains high, and even among survivors, many patients are left with serious neurological impairments, such as memory disturbance and seizures. Elucidation of the pathophysiology and establishment of appropriate prophylactic measures are necessary to overcome this serious complication. Besides encephalitis, associations between HHV-6 and various post-transplant complications have been reported, including pneumonitis, gastroenterocolitis, hepatitis, bone marrow suppression, and GVHD. Further investigations are needed to determine the role of HHV-6 in these complications.
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PMID:[Human herpesvirus-6 associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. 2645 56