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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is caused by dengue virus infection. The classical manifestations consist of fever, thrombocytopenia, and hemoconcentration. However, its unusual complications may be fatal, such as prolong shock, massive bleeding, volume overload, and unusual manifestations, for example, severe rhabdomyolysis. Here we report a case of 17-year old Thai man who was referred to our hospital because of 7-day fever with thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration and right pleural effusion. The serology tests confirmed to be dengue infection. He developed various complications: severe hepatitis, coagulopathy, and heavy proteinuria; encephalopathy that needed a respiratory ventilator. On day 12 of fever, he had myalgia and passed dark urine. Serum creatinine and serum creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) were found abnormally high. He was diagnosed as severe rhabdomyolysis with acute kidney injury, and immediate hemodialysis was performed. He did not respond to treatment and expired within three hours. Although the mechanism of severe rhabdomyolysis in dengue fever is not clearly known, it may theoretically be proposed such as direct muscle cell injury leading to myositis by dengue virus, myotoxic cytokines which are produced in response to viral infection, dehydration or hypophosphatemia.
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PMID:FATAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS IN DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER: A CASE REPORT. 2650 41

The most common conditions causing cholestatic jaundice in infants are biliary atresia, neonatal hepatitis, and Alagille syndrome. In these disorders, the clinical presentation includes jaundice, pale stools, dark urine and hepatomegaly. Splenomegaly is not an early feature since it is due to portal hypertension, a later event. The finding of cholestatic jaundice and a large spleen usually raises the suspicion of Niemann-Pick type C disease (NP-C), a lysosomal storage disorder. We present and discuss here a case of an infant with liver disease and splenomegaly that were not ascribed to NP-C, but to Gaucher disease type 2. Liver biopsy, enzymatic studies and whole exome sequencing allowed to make the diagnosis. Although rare, Gaucher disease can cause neonatal hepatitis. A prompt recognition is advocated.
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PMID:Neonatal Jaundice with Splenomegaly: Not a Common Pick. 2684 48

We identified a case of acute Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection linked to cannabis use. The local Public Health department received report of a man in his mid-20s with a classic presentation of hepatitis - jaundice, abdominal pain, vomiting, general malaise, and dark urine - as well as elevated serum aminotransferase levels and a positive anti-HAV IgM. Upon questioning, he reported no contact with ill individuals, or travel outside his metropolitan area. His exclusive source of water was the local municipal supply. He reported consuming mainly pre-packaged lower risk foods from large chain-style supermarket stores and eating at several local restaurants. While administering the questionnaire, the investigator identified that the patient smoked cannabis. Upon request, the patient agreed to provide a sample of cannabis for testing purposes. A viral elution of fresh cannabis leaves was completed. The sequences derived from the patient's serum sample and the eluate from the cannabis leaves were identical, but did not match any other HAV sub-genotype 1B sequences from Canadian isolates within the National Microbiology Laboratory database. Hepatitis A virus can survive >60 days when dried and kept at room temperature and low humidity; HAV can remain infectious in water at room temperature for 300 days. It cannot be concluded with certainty that the cannabis was the source of the hepatitis A; however, as other sources were excluded, or were of lesser probability, the association of cannabis with his disease acquisition remains strong.
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PMID:Hepatitis A virus infection associated with cannabis use. 2977 55

Cholestasis refers to impairment in formation or excretion of bile. This can be due to defects in intrahepatic production of bile, defects in the transmembrane transport of bile, or mechanical obstruction to bile flow. Clinical features of cholestasis reflect the retention of components of bile (bilirubin, bile acids, cholesterol) in the body. In the neonatal period, hyperbilirubinemia can be categorized as either unconjugated (and often benign) hyperbilirubinemia, or conjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to cholestasis. It is for this reason that the first laboratory evaluation in a patient with jaundice, dark urine, and/or acholic stool is a fractionated bilirubin. This article serves as a practical primer for pediatric and neonatology trainees and covers common causes of neonatal cholestasis, as well as the diagnostic work-up and treatment. Causes that are discussed include biliary atresia, idiopathic neonatal hepatitis, gestational alloimmune liver disease, metabolic and genetic diseases, total parenteral nutrition cholestasis, and congenital infection. [Pediatr Ann. 2018;47(11):e433-e439.].
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PMID:Neonatal Cholestasis: A Primer of Selected Etiologies. 3042 85

BACKGROUND Statins are effective in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and are generally safe, but can rarely result in devastating adverse effects. With the increasing indications and prescriptions of statins, rare adverse effects are more likely to be seen and reported. Unfortunately, there are no accurate predictive tools to estimate the risk of developing these adverse effects. Post-marketing surveillance helps in collecting data on adverse effects and assists in developing better prognostic tools that can help physicians make better therapeutic decisions. CASE REPORT A 67-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with generalized body aches, muscle weakness, jaundice, dark urine, and decreased urine output. He was started on atorvastatin 4 months prior to presentation after having an episode of myocardial infarction, and he was diagnosed as having statin-induced hepatitis, rhabdomyolysis, and acute kidney injury. A basic workup excluded other possible causes. The patient, unfortunately, died of unknown causes on day 6 after admission, and an autopsy was not performed. CONCLUSIONS Statins are effective and safe but can result in rare and dangerous adverse effects. Physicians should counsel their patients on proper identification and timely reporting of such adverse effects. Physicians also should be encouraged to report any adverse drug reactions and help in promoting post-marketing surveillance studies. The present case is an excellent example of the importance of these studies, especially for commonly-used drugs.
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PMID:Statin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis, Acute Kidney Injury, and Hepatitis Leading to Death. 3110 1


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