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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case is reported of a 43-year-old man who presented prostatitis and hepatitis due to Brucella melitensis. His symptoms were icterus, weakness, anorexia, fever, and urinary discomfort. Physical examination revealed icterus and hepatosplenomegaly. Lymphomonocytosis, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and abnormal liver functions had been detected in laboratory tests. Brucella melitensis was isolated from prostatic fluid and blood cultures.
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PMID:Prostatitis and hepatitis due to Brucella melitensis: a case report. 951 79

The discomfort and frustration often experienced by patients with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders may lead many to seek alternative health care (AHC). This study was conducted to describe AHC use by patients with GI disorders in a convenience sample (N = 73) from a tertiary hospital in Florida. AHC was explored within social exchange theory. Measurement instruments included the Alternative Health Care Gastrointestinal Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Alternative Health Care Use Questionnaire, and Alternative Health Care Advantages/Disadvantages Questionnaire. The study indicated that 32 subjects (43%) had used AHC for their GI disorders during the past 2 years. Most frequently used AHC included relaxation therapy, herbs, lifestyle diets, megavitamins, massage, and home remedies. There was a greater use of AHC by young persons (t = 2.39, p = .02) and by those not retired (chi 2 = 4.58, p = .03). AHC was associated with perceived rewards (r = .38, p = .03) and perceived profits (r = .38, p = .03). AHC was not associated with type or duration of GI disorder or other demographic variables. Subjects specifically cited benefits with relaxation therapy, vegetarian diets, spiritual healing, fish oil for inflammatory bowel disease, and use of milk thistle for hepatitis.
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PMID:A study of alternative health care use for gastrointestinal disorders. 1109 4

Frequent analysis of the intrahepatic cellular immune response during chronic hepatitis B infection is not feasible with the liver tissue biopsy technique, due to its risk profile and patient discomfort. We investigated whether the relatively safe and patient-friendly cytological fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) technique is suited for this purpose. FNABs taken during hepatitis flares in three chronic hepatitis B patients treated with interferon-alpha, showed significant increments of CD8(+)-lymphocytes compared with the FNABs taken before and after the flares. No increments were observed in peripheral blood. The increments of intrahepatic CD8+ lymphocytes detected by the FNAB were related to anti-viral immune reactivity, since they coincided with significant serum hepatitis B virus DNA level reductions and in two of three patients with HBeAg seroconversion. In conclusion, the FNAB technique is suited to investigate the intrahepatic immune response during chronic hepatitis B infection on a frequent basis.
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PMID:The intrahepatic immune response during chronic hepatitis B infection can be monitored by the fine-needle aspiration biopsy technique. 1455 98

Viral hepatitides are common diseases of modern man in both industrialized and developing countries, with a varying prevalence of particular types and mode of transmission. In current medicine, viral hepatitides are classified in the A-E nomenclature, differentiating viruses that can be etiologically defined with certainty on the basis of serum markers and hepatitides exhibiting all clinical and laboratory characteristics of viral hepatitis but of as yet nondemonstrable causative agents, classified in the non-A, non-E hepatitis group. Two issues are of high relevance in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitides: route of transmission (fecal-oral or parenteral) and basic mechanism of hepatocyte lesion. Although all hepatitis viruses replicate within the hepatocyte, the exact mechanism of hepatocyte necrosis has not yet been fully elucidated, i.e. direct cytotoxicity or hepatoprogressive immune response mediated primarily by the specific cytotoxic CD8 lymphocytes. Depending on the site of entry, the virus replicates in the adjacent lymphatic tissue for some time, followed by primary viremia, virus replication in the lymphoreticular organs (lymph nodes, liver, spleen), and eventual entry in the target cells--hepatocytes, accompanied by a varying grade of necrosis and inflammatory reaction. The clinical and laboratory signs of the disease correspond to the degree of liver necrosis and are not specific for particular types of viral hepatitis. The most frequent symptoms common to all types of viral hepatitis of moderate severity include elevated body temperature persisting for days, fatigue, gradual loss of appetite, nausea, dull pain and discomfort on DRL, vomiting, multiple loose stools, dark urine, jaundice of the skin and mucosa, and light stools. Generally, the ultimate outcome of the disease is elimination of the virus and complete recovery, however, a fulminant course with lethal outcome or transition to chronic disease may also occur, making viral hepatitides a major public health problem worldwide. In classical infectology, four clinical stages of the disease have been described: incubation or preclinical stage characterized by intensive virus replication; prodromal or preicteric stage with pronounced general symptoms of infection; icteric stage; and stage of recovery. The stages may show great interindividual variation in length and severity. The development of molecular technologies over the last decade has greatly contributed to better understanding of the pathogenesis of viral hepatitides and allowed for appropriate monitoring of the effect of antiviral therapy. However, major disadvantage of these tests is their high cost. The basic clinical characteristics of and diagnostic options for particular types of viral hepatitis are described, with special reference to the latest important concepts on the disease pathogenesis.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects and diagnosis of viral hepatitis]. 1458 62

We report a singular clinical condition observed following a short duration treatment with sulphasalazine (SSZ) in a 64-year-old woman affected by psoriatic arthritis. Two weeks after starting treatment, a high degree, subcontinuous fever occurred, together with systemic discomfort, fatigue, headache, and ultimately a moderate wakefulness impairment. Upon admission to the hospital, a malar rash became evident. Modest notes of hepatotoxicity were also evident. All of the symptoms suddenly resolved after SSZ withdrawal. The markers of hepatitis become negative just 2 months later. It is interesting to note that after dismissal, in order to counteract the severe arthritic conditions and the presence of a type 2 diabetes, a combined therapy with methotrexate and cyclosporin had to be used, with no renal or hepatic side effects and remarkable therapeutic effects. No markers of autoimmunity were found in this patient. The chronology and the clinical events here described may confirm the hypothesis of a idiosyncratic reaction to SSZ, closely resembling a rare, sometimes irreversible, condition known as "the 3 week sulphasalazine syndrome".
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PMID:Abrupt occurrence of high fever and rash in a patient treated with sulphasalazine for psoriatic arthritis. 1497 71

In acute stage of virus hepatitis B patients often complain of dyspeptic discomfort. They may be a consequence of alimentary tract motor activity disorders including these of gallbladder. Routine ultrasonography in an early phase of virus hepatitis often reveals gallbladder wall thickening what may confirm the above thesis. Thus, a group of 15 patients in an acute phase of virus hepatitis B was subjected to examinations. Gallbladder motor activity was assessed by ultrasonographic method determining its total volume and ejection fraction and volume after test meal stimulus. First examination was performed in the first week since the appearance of yellowing of the walls, successive in 4 and 8 week of the disease. Obtained results were compared to the values obtained in the group of 25 healthy volunteers. It was found out that gallbladder volume was significantly decreased and ejection fraction increased in the acute phase of virus hepatitis B than in the controls. This may speak for gallbladder hyperreactivity in patients in the course of virus hepatitis B. These disorders decreased during two-month observation but even in the 8 week the investigated parameters differed from those found in the control group.
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PMID:[Gallbladder motor activity in patients with virus hepatitis B]. 1505 48

Liver biopsy is the most accurate method for the staging and grading of diffuse hepathopathies. In viral hepatitis staging is required in order to assess firstly if the patient should be treated or not and, secondly, to assess the prognosis. In alcoholic and non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis we only appreciate the prognosis by staging, because the therapy is the same. In this study we analyze the experience of our centre in performing ultrasound-assisted liver biopsies in diffuse chronic hepatopathies. Between 1993-2003 we performed 1460 ultrasound-assisted liver biopsies, all on inpatients, in 93.8% of the cases for the evaluation of viral hepatitis. In the last few years we used sedation with midazolam i.v., the saturation of O(2) being recorded. In the 10 years of the study we encountered one major complication (haemo-peritoneum) (0.07%), treated by conservative methods. The minor complications we encountered, pain and discomfort, were always alleviated by minor analgesics. Vaso-vagal reactions were frequent before we started using midazolam (8.05%), but were no longer present after we performed sedation. None of the liver biopsies was followed by the death of the patient. In 1.37% of the cases we obtained inadequate liver specimens. We performed multiple passages in 0.96% of the cases. In conclusion, ultrasound-assisted liver biopsy is still the "gold standard" of hepatologic evaluation, being a safe and accurate method for staging the diffuse chronic hepatopathies.
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PMID:Ultrasound assisted liver biopsy for the staging of diffuse chronic hepatopathies. 1580 Jul 1

A hiccup is involuntary, paroxysmal inspiratory movements of the chest wall associated with diaphragm and accessory respiratory muscle contractions, with the synchronized closure of glottis. The mechanism underlying this common primitive reflex plays an important role in protecting airways against esophageal aspiration. The hiccup reflex mechanism is based on the afferent pathway (vagus and phrenic nerve and sympathetic fibers innervating chest organs, the abdomen, the ear, the nose and the throat stimulation, and the stimulation of hiccup center in the central nervous system, mainly reflecting psychogenic or metabolic disorders) and the efferent pathway (phrenic nerves). An incidental hiccup is a common problem, usually resolves spontaneously and does not present a clinical issue. The clinical issue arises in the case of pathologic persistent hiccups or symptomatic secondary hiccups which may lead to significant fatigue, insomnia or depression. Generally, pathologic hiccups are associated with considerable discomfort concerning both the "stigmatized" person and his or her personal surroundings in which it evokes different emotions, from amusement through impatience to uneasiness and the suggestion of a medical visit as an expression of concern for a given person. The most common causes of pathologic symptomatic hiccups are nervous system diseases, either the central nervous system (proliferative, angiogenic, inflammatory disorders), or the peripheral nervous system: the irritation of the phrenic nerve (proliferative disorders, goitre) and the vagus nerve (otolaryngologic diseases, meningitis, esophageal, stomach and duodenal diseases, hepatitis, pancreatitis, enteritis). The vagus nerve irritation with subsequent hiccups may be caused by chest disorders (injury, surgery) and heart diseases (myocardial infarction). In the present paper we describe the case of a 62-year-old male with recurrent hiccups associated with exertion as a secondary symptom of myocardial ischemia.
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PMID:Hiccups as a myocardial ischemia symptom. 1847 62

Black cohosh is one of the most popular herbal therapies for premenstrual discomfort, hot flushes and other climacteric and menopausal symptoms. Most often, it is tolerated well. However, there are some recent reports on serious adverse events, probably associated with this complementary and alternative herbal medicine. We report a case of coagulation activation, fluid retention and transient autoimmune hepatitis most likely triggered by the use of black cohosh. Diagnostic procedures aimed to explain lower leg edema are not uncommon in the age group of women suffering from climacteric and menopausal symptoms. Therefore, black cohosh-induced fluid retention and coagulation activation should be considered in differential diagnosis, especially if thrombosis has been excluded.
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PMID:Coagulation activation and fluid retention associated with the use of black cohosh: a case study. 1965 87

A 42-year-old Indian man received 450 mg rifampicin (RIF) and 150 mg isoniazid (INH) daily after being diagnosed of a latent tuberculosis infection. Baseline serum aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels were within normal limits. On day 31 of treatment, the patient experienced epigastric discomfort and general malaise and one week later he developed nausea and episodic vomiting. The patient missed his first scheduled clinic appointment and he continued taking RIF-INH despite his symptoms. He visited the tuberculosis clinic on day 47 of treatment where he was found to be jaundiced and his liver enzymes were elevated. RIF-INH was stopped and the patient was admitted to our hospital as a case of RIF-INH induced hepatitis. On the 7th day of hospitalization, the patient developed consciousness disturbance with flapping tremor and high ammonia level. The patient was diagnosed with fulminant hepatic failure and transferred immediately to the medical intensive care unit, where he died 4 days later.
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PMID:Rifampicin-isoniazid induced fatal fulminant hepatitis during treatment of latent tuberculosis: A case report and literature review. 2085 96


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