Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aspirin (ASA) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) share common pharmacologic effects in the prevention of inflammation, at least in part through inhibition of prostaglandin formation. ASA and NSAIDs have predictable side effects such as gastric pain, ecchymosis, and tinnitus. They also cause anaphylactoid shock, urticaria/angioedema, nephropathy, and hepatitis in individuals who appear to be normal and in whom prediction of such reactions cannot be made. Two selected populations of patients are likely to experience hypersensitivity reactions to both ASA and NSAIDs. Patients with asthma have an 8% to 20% chance of experiencing asthmatic attacks after ingesting ASA and NSAID. If such patients have associated rhinosinusitis (polyps), prevalence increases to 30% to 40%. Patients with chronic urticaria/angioedema have a 21% to 30% chance of experiencing an urticarial flare after ingesting ASA and NSAIDs.
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PMID:Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of adverse reactions to aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 643 54

Cholesterol-lowering drugs include three major pharmacological classes: a) fibrates, b) statines, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and c) cholestyramine. The late eighties were characterized by the introduction of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in therapeutics. For 12 months (1st January-31 December 1991), a prospective intensive program of pharmacovigilance investigated the occurrence of side effects among the three pharmacological classes of cholesterol-lowering drugs in a specialized unit for prevention of atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. Among 3,506 out patients who received cholesterol-lowering drugs, 36 side effects were reported (i.e. 1 side effect for 98 out-patients). Most of the side effects were observed with statines (61%). The most frequently observed side effects were gastralgia (19.5%) observed with the three classes of drugs and hepatitis with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (8.5%) or fibrates (3%) whereas myopathy (12%) only occurred with statines. The other side effects were cutaneous (14%: eczema, skin rashes) or neuropsychiatric (11%: insomnia...) ones. This study emphasizes the low frequency of severe side effects (myopathy: 1 per 1,000 prescriptions, hepatitis: 1 per 1,000 prescriptions) with cholesterol-lowering drugs in current practice.
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PMID:[A one-year prospective and intensive pharmacovigilance of antilipemic drugs in an hospital consultation for prevention of risk factors]. 814 47

Liver function must be closely monitored in HIV-positive patients. The level of the liver enzymes is directly related to the amount of toxins being removed from the bloodstream. Hepatitis is an inflammation and infection of the liver. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and the Epstein-Barr virus can cause hepatitis, as can drug or alcohol use. Some medications taken by those with AIDS inhibit the liver's ability to function effectively. Symptoms of liver damage include fever, stomach pain, and jaundice. Reducing drug and alcohol use, taking medication, and modifying the diet may reduce further liver damage.
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PMID:[The liver and HIV/AIDS]. 1136 70

Access to HCV (Hepatitis C virus) care for HIV/HCV-co-infected patients is an urgent public health concern. The objective of the present study was to describe the self-reported health status of HIV/HCV-co-infected and HCV-mono-infected injection drug users and to describe their access to HCV-related care. Beginning in May 1996, persons who had injected illicit drugs in the previous month were recruited into the Vancouver Injection Drug User Study (VIDUS). At baseline and then semi-annually, participants complete an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Blood is drawn at each semi-annual interview and tested for HIV and Hepatitis C infection. Data for this descriptive, cross-sectional study were drawn from the most recent of either the July 2003 or December 2003 nurse-administered questionnaire. Statistics used were the chi-square, Wilcoxon Rank Sum and Student's t-test. Logistic regression was used to examine factors independently associated with accessing HCV care. There were 707 individuals eligible for this analysis, including 240 HIV/HCV-co-infected and 467 HCV-mono-infected persons. Co-infected individuals were more likely to be female, younger, of Aboriginal ethnicity and less likely to use heroin daily. The HCV-mono-infected group tended to report higher rates of HCV-related symptoms, including fatigue, liver pain, nausea, night-sweats and stomach pain. However, it was the HIV/HCV-co-infected group who were more likely to report that they believed their hepatitis C was affecting them. The HIV/HCV-co-infected group were also more likely to report having received any hepatitis-related follow-up care, including blood work, liver biopsies and referrals to specialists. In logistic regression analysis, factors independently associated with ever receiving any hepatitis C related follow-up were HIV/HCV-co-infection (AOR 3.1; 95% CI: 2-4.7), being older (AOR 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02-1.06 per year older), using heroin daily (AOR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.36-0.82) and believing that hepatitis C was affecting one's health (AOR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0-2.1). In conclusion, our data indicate more HCV healthcare utilization among those HIV/HCV-co-infected.
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PMID:Differences in access to care among injection drug users infected either with HIV and hepatitis C or hepatitis C alone. 1697 Dec 76

Plants have been used since ancient times to cure certain infectious diseases, and some of them are now standard treatments for several diseases. Due to the side effects and resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics and most drugs on the market, a great deal of attention has been paid to extracts and biologically active compounds isolated from plant species used in herbal medicine. Artemisia absinthium is an important perennial shrubby plant that has been widely used for the treatment of several ailments. Traditionally, A. absinthium has always been of pharmaceutical and botanical importance and used to manage several disorders including hepatocyte enlargement, hepatitis, gastritis, jaundice, wound healing, splenomegaly, dyspepsia, indigestion, flatulence, gastric pain, anemia, and anorexia. It has also been documented to possess antioxidant, antifungal, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, anti-ulcer, anticarcinogenic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidepressant, analgesic, immunomodulatory, and cytotoxic activity. Long-term use of A. absinthium essential oil may cause toxic and mental disorders in humans with clinical manifestations including convulsions, sleeplessness, and hallucinations. Combination chemotherapies of artemisia extract or its isolated active constituents with the currently available antibabesial or anti-malarial drugs are now documented to relieve malaria and piroplasmosis infections. The current review examines the phytoconstituents, toxic and biological activities of A. absinthium.
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PMID:Bioactive Compounds, Pharmacological Actions, and Pharmacokinetics of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium). 3258 87