Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A party of 57 people dined together in a restaurant in Hamamatsu City on December 11, 2001. The next day, 22 of them developed symptoms of acute gastroenteritis, such as diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. Examination of 4 fecal specimens from these patients by ELISA for Norovirus (Norwalk-like virus, NV) detected both genogroup I (GI) and genogroup II (GII) NV in all the 4 specimens. In addition, RT-PCR and real-time PCR methods for NV detected the NV gene. Approximately one month after the outbreak of the food poisoning (acute gastroenteritis) by NV, 4 individuals in the same party developed type A hepatitis. Both RT-PCR and real-time PCR methods for hepatitis A virus (HAV) detected the HAV gene in their fecal specimens. The party of these patients ate purple Washington clam (Saxidomus purpuratus, imported from China) steamed with red pepper. Since this food appeared to have caused the viral infections, the one with the same lot number was subjected to viral examinations, which successfully detected the NV GI, NV GII, and HAV genes. These results led to the conclusion that the clam contaminated with NV and HAV had caused the food poisoning. The DNA sequences of the NV detected in the patients and the clam had 74 to 99% homology, indicating strains of various genotypes. All the strains of HAV that were derived from the patients and the clam were genotype 1A, and these sequences had over 95% homology, but were not completely identical. This outbreak led to the demonstration of imported fishery products as a cause of type A hepatitis, and indicated the need for guiding and enlightening people on the importance of adequate cooking of bivalves.
 ...
PMID:[A food poisoning outbreak caused by purple Washington clam contaminated with norovirus (Norwalk-like virus) and hepatitis A virus]. 1266 Oct 84

Though abdominal tuberculosis is fairly common in our country, incidence of tuberculous hepatitis is rare. The authors reported a case who presented to the surgical OPD of the NRS Medical College, Calcutta with complaints of right upper quadrant abdominal pain, flatulent dyspepsia, nausea and occasional vomiting. Ultrasonography (USG) revealed fibrotic gall bladder without any calculus suggesting chronic acalculus cholecystitis. On exploration of the abdomen, the gall bladder was found to be fibrotic and thickened without any calculus. Multiple scarred nodules of different sizes were found in the liver. Cholecystectomy was done and a scarring nodule from the liver was taken for histopathological examination which revealed a tuberculous granuloma. Histopathology of the gall bladder showed cholesterosis. The patient responded to antituberculous drugs.
 ...
PMID:Hepatic tuberculosis--a case report. 1279 46

In Bucaramanga, Colombia, dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) has become endemo-epidemic since 1992. A cross-sectional study covering a period of 10 years (February, 1992 to February, 2002) was undertaken in children under 13 years of age hospitalized at the University Hospital. Observations were recorded on the clinical features, laboratory tests and the natural development of the disease. A total of 763 patients were examined, of whom 617 were classified as having DHF according to the WHO criteria (9.1% Grade I, 61.5% Grade II, 21.7% Grade III and 7.5% Grade IV). One hundred forty six patients could not be classified. The highest incidence took place in 1997, 1998 and 2001. Seventy four per cent of patients came from the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga; 48% were males; 0.3%, newborns; 11.8%, infants; 23%, pre-school children, and 64.9%, school children. The most important clinical features were fever and haemorrhagic manifestations (100%); vomiting (60%); abdominal pain (57%); headache (50%); osteomyalgia (40.8%); hepatomegaly (33%), and macular rash (29%). Among the haemorrhagic manifestations we found petechiae (56%); positive tourniquet test (35%); gastrointestinal bleeding (34%), and epistaxis (32%). Serous effusion was found in 17.7% of cases. Alarm signs of shock were found in 29%. Fifty two per cent had leucopenia and 37.3% atypic lymphocytes. Among other unusual manifestations were hepatitis, encephalopathy, alithiasic cholecystitis, acute renal failure, haemophagocytic syndrome and coinfections. Of the 617 cases, 12 died (1.5%).
 ...
PMID:[Dengue haemorrhagic fever in children: ten years of clinical experience]. 1287 57

Viral hepatitides are common diseases of modern man in both industrialized and developing countries, with a varying prevalence of particular types and mode of transmission. In current medicine, viral hepatitides are classified in the A-E nomenclature, differentiating viruses that can be etiologically defined with certainty on the basis of serum markers and hepatitides exhibiting all clinical and laboratory characteristics of viral hepatitis but of as yet nondemonstrable causative agents, classified in the non-A, non-E hepatitis group. Two issues are of high relevance in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitides: route of transmission (fecal-oral or parenteral) and basic mechanism of hepatocyte lesion. Although all hepatitis viruses replicate within the hepatocyte, the exact mechanism of hepatocyte necrosis has not yet been fully elucidated, i.e. direct cytotoxicity or hepatoprogressive immune response mediated primarily by the specific cytotoxic CD8 lymphocytes. Depending on the site of entry, the virus replicates in the adjacent lymphatic tissue for some time, followed by primary viremia, virus replication in the lymphoreticular organs (lymph nodes, liver, spleen), and eventual entry in the target cells--hepatocytes, accompanied by a varying grade of necrosis and inflammatory reaction. The clinical and laboratory signs of the disease correspond to the degree of liver necrosis and are not specific for particular types of viral hepatitis. The most frequent symptoms common to all types of viral hepatitis of moderate severity include elevated body temperature persisting for days, fatigue, gradual loss of appetite, nausea, dull pain and discomfort on DRL, vomiting, multiple loose stools, dark urine, jaundice of the skin and mucosa, and light stools. Generally, the ultimate outcome of the disease is elimination of the virus and complete recovery, however, a fulminant course with lethal outcome or transition to chronic disease may also occur, making viral hepatitides a major public health problem worldwide. In classical infectology, four clinical stages of the disease have been described: incubation or preclinical stage characterized by intensive virus replication; prodromal or preicteric stage with pronounced general symptoms of infection; icteric stage; and stage of recovery. The stages may show great interindividual variation in length and severity. The development of molecular technologies over the last decade has greatly contributed to better understanding of the pathogenesis of viral hepatitides and allowed for appropriate monitoring of the effect of antiviral therapy. However, major disadvantage of these tests is their high cost. The basic clinical characteristics of and diagnostic options for particular types of viral hepatitis are described, with special reference to the latest important concepts on the disease pathogenesis.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical aspects and diagnosis of viral hepatitis]. 1458 62

Liver diseases specific of pregnancy, the most common hepatic complications of pregnancy, are always associated with a sometimes asymptomatic increase in serum aminotransferase activity. The most frequent of the liver diseases specific of pregnancy in normotensive pregnant women is cholestasis of pregnancy, the cause of generalised pruritus, and, in those with pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia which requires short-term cessation of pregnancy. Similar treatment is required by acute fatty liver of pregnancy the diagnosis of which must be done in the third trimester when recent polydipsia, nausea or vomiting occurs. Moreover, pregnancy increases the incidence and/or the severity of herpes simplex hepatitis (for which acyclovir therapy is urgently required) and hepatitis type E. Pregnancy may also unmask untreated cases of autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson's disease or Budd-Chiari syndrome.
 ...
PMID:[Hepatic complications of pregnancy]. 1472 76

Lactic acidosis (LA), a rare but life-threatening adverse effect associated with antiretroviral therapy, has been reported with an increasing frequency since the mid-1990s. From June 1994 to June 2002, a total of six patients, four males and two females with a median age of 43 years (range, 30 to 74 years), had been diagnosed with LA. The estimated incidence of LA was 5.1 per 1000 patient-years (PYs) on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 4.5-5.5 per 1000 PYs) and 4.4 per 1000 PY on nucleoside analogues (NAs) (95% CI, 3.9-4.7 per 1000 PYs). Their median body mass index at diagnosis of LA was 17.6 kg/m(2) (range 16.3 to 22.6 kg/m(2)). The median CD4+ lymphocyte count at the initial diagnosis of HIV infection and at the onset of LA was 38 cells/ micro L (range, 4 to 103 cells/ micro L) and 108 cells/ micro L (range, 79 to 224 cells/ micro L), respectively. The most common symptoms were nausea, vomiting, and dyspnoea. All of the patients had findings suggestive of NA-related mitochondrial toxicity, such as myositis, pancreatitis, fatty hepatitis, peripheral neuropathy or lipodystrophy. The prescribed NA related to LA were stavudine in six patients, lamivudine, five, and didanosine, one. Despite treatment, all patients died of persistent circulatory collapse following LA. The median duration from diagnosis to death was eight days (range, 4-17 days). Our report highlights that clinicians caring for patients with AIDS should be alerted to the potentially fatal LA associated with antiretroviral therapy when patients present with low body mass index, lipodystrophy, unexplained abdominal symptoms, dyspnoea, or elevated aminotransferases.
 ...
PMID:Fatal lactic acidosis associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection in Taiwan. 1507 19

An 8-year-old female Shih Tzu was presented with weight loss and vomiting. Alanine aminotransferase was high and abdominal radiographs revealed hepato- and splenomegaly. Mild anaemia, neutrophilia with left shift, eosinophilia, a thrombocytosis with dysplastic features of eosinophils and platelets, were detected. The animal was initially considered to have hepatitis and was treated accordingly, but clinical signs persisted. Histological examination of liver biopsy samples showed disruption of the hepatic lobule, with extensive infiltration by haemopoietic cells. Further investigation of the bone marrow suggested a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome. The animal was treated with cytarabine ocfosfate, a prodrug of cytosine arabinoside, and appeared to recover.
 ...
PMID:A severe hepatic disorder with myelodysplastic syndrome, treated with cytarabine ocfosfate, in a dog. 1508 10

Rifampicin re-administration may cause immunologically mediated acute tubulo-interstitial injury. Retrospectively, 170 consecutive cases with acute renal failure (ARF) following re-treatment with rifampicin (71% males, 29% females, age 21 to 68 years) were analysed, which accounted for 12% of all ARF patients treated by two large dialysis referral centres in Romania, Timisoara and Iasi, between 1974-2001 and 1988-2001, respectively. The most frequent clinical features of rifampicin-induced ARF were: Anuria, gastro-intestinal (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea) and "flu-like" symptoms. Urine analysis revealed sterile leucocyturia in 54%, proteinuria in 31%, haematuria in 26% and haemoglobinuria in 7% of cases. Haemolytic anaemia was frequent, found in 66% of the patients; half of these had Hct values of < 30%, thrombocytopenia and also more severe renal damage (a longer anuric phase and a slower recovery of the renal function), thus suggesting a severe multi-target autoimmune aggression. The association of hepatic injury--not explained by prior hepatic disease, B or C hepatitis virus infection or history of alcohol abuse--was encountered in 17% of the cases, without a significant influence on the renal and the general outcome. The outcome of rifampicin-induced ARF is generally favourable, with complete recovery of the renal function within 30 days in 52% of the cases and within 90 days in 92% of the cases. The mortality rate was 3.5%, compared to 21% for the overall ARF population treated during the same period (p < 0.05).
 ...
PMID:A clinical description of rifampicin-induced acute renal failure in 170 consecutive cases. 1519 54

A 4-year-old male Boxer dog with a history of vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss moved from West Africa to Lyon, France, where it was further evaluated. Radiographs revealed pleural effusion and enlargement of tracheobronchial lymph nodes and liver. Cytologic examination of the pleural effusion and a fine needle aspirate specimen of the liver showed mixed mononuclear inflammation with nonstaining rod structures within epithelioid histiocytes. At necropsy, the main gross pathologic findings were exudative pleuritis, nodular hepatitis, and infarcts and caseous nodules in the kidneys. The main histologic lesions were granulomatous hepatitis, granulomatous pneumonia, fibrinous leukocytic pleuritis, necrotic and fibro-calcified granulomatous lymphadenitis, and granulomatous nephritis. A Ziehl-Neelsen stain applied to both cytologic and histologic samples was positive for acid-fast bacilli. Bacterial culture of the pleural fluid was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cytology is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of this important zoonotic disease.
 ...
PMID:Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a dog from Africa. 1533 56

The successful cultivation of the virus of infectious hepatitis in chick embryo tissue culture and in the amniotic cavity of the embryonated hen's egg is supported by a comparison of the disease induced in volunteers by the cultivated virus with hepatitis without jaundice resulting from experimental infection with natural infectious hepatitis virus. Both types of viral preparations produced illnesses in comparable percentages of volunteers (83 and 75 per cent, respectively) after similar average periods of incubation (24.4 and 23.4 days, respectively) and of similar average duration (28.3 and 27.6 days, respectively). The disease could be divided in both groups of patients into a primary stage, followed after a short interval of relative well being by the secondary stage. The illnesses in both instances were characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, enlarged, tender livers and abnormal liver function tests, and frequently temperature elevations. They differed in that jaundice was observed in 31 per cent of the cases resulting from infection with natural virus but not in any patients infected with the cultivated virus.
 ...
PMID:Studies on the agent of infectious hepatitis; the disease produced in human volunteers by the agent cultivated in tissue culture or embryonated hen's eggs. 1543 37


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>