Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four infants with Lues connata, three with the early stage of the disease (patients 1-3), are reported. Diagnosis was made after exclusion of other diseases. Initially an infectious disease was expected, since anemia, leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly and a bad condition were found. In two patients bone structure was abnormal. Elevated serum concentrations of liver enzymes (ALAT, ASAT) were the indication for liver biopsy in one patient, in whom an accompanying hepatitis was diagnosed. Treatment was performed with penicillin, no JARISCH-HERXHEIMER reaction was observed. The Lues tests were negative during pregnancy but a displacental transfer of pathogenic agents could be assumed. Patient 4 was diagnosed at 9 months of age. Infection of the mother probably occurred in the last 6 weeks of pregnancy. It can not be decided if the baby has a connatal or acquired Lues. The titer decrease of the CMT-test after the end of the penicillin therapy is a marker for a successful treatment. If treatment was started at 2 years of age a total clinical recovery can be expected. The case reports demonstrate that negative Lues test during pregnancy do not exclude Lues connata in newborns. The Lues diagnosis should be considered if an infectious disease in a newborn can not be diagnosed. A general Lues serodiagnostic test is recommended in all newborns before they leave the obstetrics department.
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PMID:[Congenital syphilis]. 130 79

Fifty infants with obstructive jaundice were reviewed. Other than jaundice, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were the other common presentations. The mean age of referral was 9.4 weeks. This was unsatisfactory as the prognosis depends on the age of corrective surgery. Majority of the non surgical cholestasis were due to idiopathic hepatitis. These patients did well as all of them were asymptomic and had no evidence of liver disease at 2 years of age.
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PMID:A clinical study of obstructive jaundice among Singapore infants. 130 62

Fifty-five patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV)-associated neonatal hepatitis (NH) were followed for 12 to 90 months. Six patients (10.9%) died from either a fulminant course or a chronic liver disease. Among the remaining 49 patients, whose liver function was completely recovered, there were eight with retardation of developmental or growth status, and two with hearing impairment. Overall, 20.4% of the survivors suffered from a long-term impact. The unfavorable outcome was related to several clinical and pathological parameters. These included persistence of clay-colored stool, presence of splenomegaly, ascites or anemia, high peak total and direct bilirubin, low nadir albumin levels, diffuse giant cell transformation and cirrhosis of the liver. The seropositivity of CMV infection did not significantly correlate with the outcome.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus-associated neonatal hepatitis. 133 53

The signs that may arise after perinatal infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have been classified by the Centers for Disease Control, but the clinical usefulness of the classification system and the prognostic importance of each disease pattern have not been established. We sought to address these issues by analysing data from the Italian Register for HIV infection in children. We studied 1887 children born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers. 1045 were identified at birth and the others were registered later (median age 4.8 [range 0.4-72] months). HIV-1-associated signs developed in 433 (81.8%) of 529 seropositive infected children at a median age of 5 (0.03-84) months. These signs appeared significantly earlier in the 102 children who died of HIV-1-related illness than in those who are still alive (median 3 [0.03-55] vs 6 [0.03-84] months; p less than 0.001). The cumulative proportion surviving at age 9 years was 49.5% (95% confidence interval 27-65%) and the median survival time was 96.2 months. Separate analysis of the 112 seropositive infected children followed from birth and older than 15 months gave similar results. Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, parotitis, skin diseases, and recurrent respiratory tract infections formed the mildest disease pattern. Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis and thrombocytopenia were signs of intermediate disease. By contrast, in multivariate analysis specific secondary infectious diseases, severe bacterial infections, progressive neurological disease, anaemia, and fever were significant and independent negative predictors of survival. Growth failure, persistent oral candidosis, hepatitis, and cardiopathy were associated in univariate analysis with significantly shorter survival. Our findings suggest that the outlook for children with perinatal HIV-1 infection is better than previously thought and that a new clinical staging system of single disease patterns is needed.
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PMID:Prognostic factors and survival in children with perinatal HIV-1 infection. The Italian Register for HIV Infections in Children. 134 67

Sarcoidosis and malignant lymphoma can occur in the same patient; sarcoidosis appears first, the malignant lymphoma follows later. The case histories of three patients illustrate what Brinker first coined as the "sarcoidosis-lymphoma syndrome". In two patients a pulmonary sarcoidosis stage I was diagnosed over 30 years respectively 4 years prior to the histological diagnosis of highly malignant Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The third patient suffered from generalized sarcoidosis with splenomegaly, , granulomatous hepatitis and interstitial lung disease, in addition to which a lymphoproliferative syndrome was diagnosed. Comparing the pathogenesis of malignant lymphoma and sarcoidosis, parallels such as T-cell dysfunction, which probably facilitates malignant transformation of B-cells, become apparent. In both diseases the transforming gene could be the Ebstein-Barr virus.
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PMID:[The "sarcoidosis-lymphoma syndrome"--a lymphocyte dysregulation?]. 149 11

A red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) with signs of respiratory distress and diarrhea was captured in the Manchac Wildlife Management Area, Louisiana (USA) and died the following day. At necropsy, the carcass was emaciated and there were splenomegaly, and fibrinous pericarditis, airsacculitis, and perihepatitis. Microscopically, there were fibrinous pericarditis and airsacculitis, myocardial necrosis, necrotizing hepatitis, splenic necrosis with reticuloendothelial cell hyperplasia, interstitial pneumonia and focal pancreatic necrosis. Intracytoplasmic chlamydial inclusion bodies were noticed in macrophages in the fibrinous exudate covering air sac and pericardium, and in spleen, liver, heart, lung, and pancreas. Schizonts compatible with a Sarcocystis sp.-like protozoon were present in the walls of air capillaries in the lung. A Chlamydia sp.-like organism was isolated in embryonating chicken eggs and cell culture and identified as C. psittaci with immunofluorescent staining.
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PMID:Chlamydiosis in a red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis). 160 82

In the US and northern Europe, the prevalence of pregnant syphilitic women is estimated at .1-.6%, while in South Africa it was 7.6% in 1982. In 1978, there 108 cases in the US which increased to 268 reported cases in 1985. The increase of congenital syphilis (CS) by 25% from 1985 to 1988 was attributed to the spread of crack cocaine in the US. The rate was 10.5 cases/100,000 live births in the US during this period, a 21% increase. In contrast, in the Netherlands there were 2.5 cases/100,000 live births during 1982-85. Clinical symptoms appear 3 weeks after birth, but some are present at birth such as hepatosplenomegaly, bloated abdomen, cutaneous lesions, and nasal discharge turning into purulent rhinitis. Anemia occurs in 90% of children with CS. Generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly with hepatomegaly, and syphilitic hepatitis may also occur. Syphilitic skeletal abnormalities include osteochondritis, periostitis, osteomyelitis, and osteitis. Meningovascular syphilis produces nervous system effects. CS complications include nephrotic syndrome and acute glomerulonephritis. Ocular abnormalities are caused by treponemes found in the cornea, sclera, uvea, retina and the optic nerve. Chorioretinitis and iridocyclitis are common ocular lesions. The pathogen Treponema pallidum can be diagnosed by dark field microscopy, by immunofluorescence, or by histopathological examination of silver-stained preparations. Pregnancy women with syphilis are treated with penicillin although failures have been reported after single or 2 or 3 in administrations of 2.4 MU benzathine penicillin and after giving tetracycline in 3rd trimester pregnancy. The CDC recommendation for treating infants with CS is iv 50,000 U/kg penicillin G every 8-12 hours for 10-14 days or im 50,000 U procaine penicillin once daily for 10-14 days. Single administration of 50,000 U/kg benzathine penicillin is recommended for newborn children whose mothers have been treated with erythromycin.
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PMID:Congenital syphilis. 161 61

One hundred forty-four of 166 adults with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) admitted to an Egyptian fever hospital were followed for 12 months. The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier rate in 95 with hepatitis B virus (HBV) hepatitis decreased from 53% at three months to 13% at 12 months. At 12 months, 22% of the male patients had persistent HBsAg compared with only 7% of the female patients. The HBsAg carrier rate was 25% at 12 months in those with schistosomiasis compared with 9% in those with only acute HBV infection. Splenomegaly persisted in those with palpable spleens at the initial examination and others developed splenomegaly. The prevalence of splenomegaly increased from 11% on admission to 20% at 12 months in those with only AVH, and from 40% to 69% in those with concomitant schistosomiasis. Patients with concomitant schistosomiasis had higher mean values for liver function test results and a greater proportion had abnormal liver function test results during hospitalization and follow-up than those with AVH only. Concomitant schistosomiasis increased the prevalence and prolonged splenomegaly and morbidity due to AVH. Both male sex and concomitant schistosomiasis prolonged the HBsAg carrier state. We propose that AVH frequently converts uncomplicated intestinal schistosomiasis to hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.
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PMID:The impact of endemic schistosomiasis on acute viral hepatitis. 176 2

We report a patient with eosinophilic fasciitis, reactive hepatitis and splenomegaly. Administration of prednisone resulted in normalization of liver enzymes and spleen-size and an improvement of his clinical condition. These uncommon manifestations are only part of the broadening clinical spectrum, which is discussed briefly.
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PMID:Eosinophilic fasciitis presenting with a reactive hepatitis. 180 2

Patients with portal hypertension without a demonstrable cause have been reported in the literature under several different terms, such as tropical splenomegaly, phlebosclerosis, obliterative portal venopathy of the liver, hepatoportal sclerosis, noncirrhotic portal fibrosis and idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH). Such patients have been described worldwide, with a greater frequency in India and Japan. The etiology of IPH is still unknown, although some of the theories that have been proposed are: exposure to toxic substances or drugs, relationship with the hepatitis-B virus, immunologic abnormalities, systemic or intra-abdominal infections and clotting abnormalities. The main histopathologic findings are periportal fibrosis, obliteration of small portal veins and sclerosis of the interhepatic portal system. Although these abnormalities could be secondary to portal hypertension, it has been proposed that the vascular changes are the primary event that leads to portal hypertension. The site of increased resistance in IPH is found at the presinusoidal level with some component at the sinusoidal and postsinusoidal level. The main symptoms and signs in IPH are upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding secondary to esophago-gastric varices, symptoms related to anemia, and splenomegaly. The long-term prognosis for patients with IPH is better than for cirrhotic patients, with a 77% survival at ten years. Variceal bleeding is the main cause of death, and some treatment to prevent bleeding or its recurrence is warranted. Although no comparative trial has been performed in IPH patients, the surgical management could be the first choice for elective treatment in these patient without liver failure, because of the high re-bleeding rates with chronic sclerotherapy. Pharmacologic management could be considered for prophylactic treatment of these patients.
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PMID:[Idiopathic portal hypertension]. 186 3


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