Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Most studies on health related quality of life (HRQoL) of chronic liver patients were done in small clinical populations or restricted to one aetiology or disease stage. There is still a need for a study in a large liver patient population with various aetiologies and disease stages, approaching a population-based study. We evaluated the impact of liver disease aetiology on generic HRQoL, disease-specific HRQoL and fatigue and we compared HRQoL and fatigue between aetiological groups and healthy Dutch controls. Members of the Dutch liver patient association completed the Liver Disease Symptom Index, Short Form-36, and Multidimensional Fatigue Index-20. We compared the HRQoL between patients with viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, cholestatic diseases, hemochromatosis and other liver diseases by linear, ordinal and logistic regression, corrected for disease stage and other significant factors. Viral hepatitis patients showed a worse mental health than other aetiological groups. Hemochromatosis patients demonstrated 17% more bodily pain than viral hepatitis patients and the strongest decrease in role emotional health with increasing age. Aetiological groups showed a worse generic HRQoL and more fatigue than controls. In conclusion, viral hepatitis and hemochromatosis patients have a more impaired HRQoL than patients of other liver disease aetiological groups.
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PMID:Generic and disease-specific health related quality of life of liver patients with various aetiologies: a survey. 1733 30

Corticosteroids have been used extensively since cortisone was first synthesized in the 1950s. Glucocorticoids are derived from cortisone and are used in treatments for inflammation, dermatitis, allergic reactions, asthma, hepatitis, lupus erythematosus, nausea, vomiting and inflammatory bowel diseases. In the setting of palliative care, glucocorticoids have many uses, including many symptoms of malignancy, nausea, vomiting, depression, fatigue, anorexia and cachexia.
J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2007
PMID:Role of corticosteroids in palliative care. 1803 21

Transcatheter arterial embolizations of severe arterioportal shunt (A-P shunt) were performed with steel coils in 3 patients with hepatocellurlar carcinoma (HCC) as shown below. Case 1: A 56-year-old man with HCC associated with portal hypertension (esophageal varices and ascites abnominal pain), portal vein tumor thrombus and severe A-P shunt was performed in critical conditions. Case 2: A 51-year-old man with HCC, lung and adrenal gland metastases was accompanied with severe portal hypertention caused by A-P shunt and was in a harmful condition similar to case 1. Case 3: A 68-year-old woman with HCC associated with autoimmune hepatitis was performed a hepatic resection. Then multiple intrahepatic recurrences appeared 6 months later. A-P shunt made impossible to detect the feeding artery of tumor. After embolization of A-P shunt, esophageal varices and ascites resolved, and abdominal pain improved in cases 1 and 2. In addition, embolization enabled to perform transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in case 3. This procedure is a useful tool to improve various symptoms due to A-P shunt and to continue treatments for HCCs.
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PMID:[The efficacy of transcatheter embolization of severe arterioportal shunts in hepatocellular carcinoma]. 1821 9

Sarcocystis sp is a tissue coccidian parasite in humans that causes intestinal and muscular sarcocystosis in immunocompetent patients. Intestinal sarcocystosis can be diagnosed at the tissue level in the lamina propria of the small bowel and by fecal examination. Muscular sarcocystosis is diagnosed by microscopic examination of muscle biopsies. This report describes a case of systemic sarcocystosis in an HIV-infected patient. We studied a 31-year-old patient with AIDS, chronic diarrhea, cholestatic hepatitis, and musculoskeletal pain by stool analysis and endoscopy with duodenal and liver biopsy specimens that were processed for routine histology. The microgamete and macrogamete stages of Sarcocystis sp were present in the lamina propria, with sporulated oocysts in feces. Schizont stages of the protozoa were found in liver biopsy. In summary, sarcocystosis should be considered another opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients.
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PMID:Systemic sarcocystosis in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 1860 66

Elevated serum transaminase levels can have many different etiologies, especially in the pregnant patient. Hypoxic hepatitis is a distinct syndrome caused by decreased hepatic blood flow that presents with a marked, but transient, increase in liver enzymes. A 28-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2 with history of gastric bypass, presented in the second trimester with bright red blood per rectum, syncope, and epigastric pain. Laboratory studies were significant for anemia, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets, raising concern for hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP syndrome) and the need for emergent delivery. Complete evaluation included an upper endoscopy, which revealed a bleeding jejunal ulcer that was subsequently cauterized. Shortly after cauterization, the patient's laboratory values normalized and her pain resolved. Diagnosis of hypoxic hepatitis was made after exclusion of other liver-toxic entities, thus preventing delivery of a preterm infant. Hypoxic hepatitis may masquerade as other clinical syndromes, especially in the pregnant patient. Meticulous physical examination and assessment of laboratory values is essential for making a proper diagnosis and guiding management.
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PMID:Hypoxic hepatitis in a pregnant patient: a complication of gastric bypass surgery. 1875 30

We report a case of multisystem organ failure after large volume subcutaneous injection of castor oil for cosmetic enhancement. An unlicensed practitioner injected 500 mL of castor oil bilaterally to the hips and buttocks of a 28-year-old male to female transsexual. Immediate local pain and erythema were followed by abdominal and chest pain, emesis, headache, hematuria, jaundice, and tinnitus. She presented to an emergency department 12 hours postinjection. Persistently hemolyzed blood samples complicated preliminary laboratory analysis. She rapidly deteriorated despite treatment and developed fever, tachycardia, hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, respiratory distress, and anuric renal failure. An infectious diseases evaluation was negative. After intensive supportive care, including mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis, she was discharged 11 days later, requiring dialysis for an additional 1.5 months. Castor oil absorption was inferred from recovery of the Ricinus communis biomarker, ricinine, in the patient's urine (41 ng/mL). Clinicians should anticipate multiple complications after unapproved methods of cosmetic enhancement.
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PMID:Multisystem organ failure after large volume injection of castor oil. 1913 11

The origins of myrrh and frankincense are traced to the Arabian Peninsula. According to Herodotus (5th century BC): "Arabia is the only country which produces frankincense, myrrh, cassia, and cinnamon.., the trees bearing the frankincense are guarded by winged serpents of small size and various colors." Diodorus Siculus wrote, in the second half of the first century BC, that "all of Arabia exudes a most delicate fragrance; even the seamen passing by Arabia can smell the strong fragrance that gives health and vigor." He also mentioned gold mines so pure that no smelting was necessary. The Magi, carrying myrrh, frankincense, and gold, came from the East: Arabia. The frankincense trade route, with transport by donkeys and later by camel caravans, reached Jerusalem and Egypt from the Dhofar region of what is today Oman, through Yemen, turning north to follow the Red Sea coast. It is likely that the same or similar species of the resin-bearing plants grew across the Red Sea in the area that is now Somalia and Ethiopia, while the collection of the gum resins was initiated in Arabia. Myrrh contributed much in the human welfare. Schistosomiasis was known in ancient Egypt since remote times. Haematuria with urinary bladder disturbances was mentioned in four Papyrus papers dated back to 1950-1900 BC, and Schistosoma ova was detected in a cirrhotic liver of a mummy from 1200 BC (Ruffer, 1910). Also, Fasciola eggs were detected in a mummy (Looss, 1896). Fascioliasis infected over 17 million people worldwide causing marked morbidity and mortality (Haseeb et al., 2002). Schistosomiasis affected over 200 million people in 74 countries and territories worldwide (WHO, 1999) causing several chronic complications. Both were incriminated to predispose or accompanied human hepatitis and predisposed to HCV (Wahib et al., 2006). Most zoonotic helminthes induced immune response (Nutman, 2001) characterized by producing of type 2 cytokines, Ig G1, IgG2, IgE antibodies and eosinophil and mast cell activation (Hoffman et al., 2002). Treatment of fascioliasis required high or drug multiple doses with side effect (Farid et al., 1990). In schistosomiasis, praziquantel (PZQ) in use for > 20 years was faced with low efficacy (Leishout et al., 1998), or with increased resistance (Coles et al., 1986; Watt et al., 1988; Herrera et al., 1994; Ismail et al., 1994; 1999; Tonelli et al., 1995; Stelma et al., 1995; Fallon et al., 1997; Bennett et al., 1997; Boisier et al., 1998; Periera et al., 1998; Kusel and Hagan, 1999; Liang et al., 2000; King et al., 2000; N'Goran et al., 2003; Raso et al., 2004), potentiality of carcinogenicity, genotoxicity (Rosenkranz et al., 1995), mutagenicity (Montero et al., 1993), big dose lethality and enhanced clastogenicity of environmental pollutants (Anwar, 1994). On the other hand, Nomicos (2007) in USA reported that since antiquity, the genus Commiphora is composed of more than 200 species, and exploited as a natural drug to treat pain, skin infections, inflammatory conditions, diarrhea, and periodontal diseases. He added that in more recent history, products derived from C. myrrha and various other species of Commiphora are becoming recognized to possess significant antiseptic, anesthetic, and antitumor properties. Traditional practice and evidence-based research have supported that these properties are directly attributable to terpenoids (especially furanoses-quiterpenes), the active compounds present in myrrh essential oil. Very recently, current studies have focused on applying clinical trial methodologies to validate its use as an antineoplastic, an antiparasitic agent, and as an adjunct in healing wounds. Weeks and Simpson (2007) in USA presented the molecular phylogeny of Commiphora, a predominantly tropical African, arid-adapted tree genus to test the monophyly of its taxonomic sections and to identify clades to help direct future study of this species-rich and geographically widespread taxon. The multiple fossil calibrations of Commiphora phylogeny proved that it is sister to Vietnamese Bursera tonkinensis and that its crown group radiation corresponds with the onset of the Miocene. Auffray (2007) in France studied the impact of two types of antioxidant on sebum squalene peroxidation by UV irradiation. The first type was free radical scavenger (Butyl hydroxyl toluene and an olive extract rich in hydroxytyrosol). The second type was the essential oil of C. myrrha, a singlet oxygen quencher. These properties were confirmed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test for anti-radical capacity and 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran test for the capacity to quench singlet oxygen. Also, the author extended an ex vivo method to classify the efficacy of cosmetics to protect squalene by collecting sebum in vivo and irradiating it in a controlled way. The squalene monohydroperoxide formation was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography. This method compared the efficiency of 3 antioxidants at 0.6% in a cosmetic formulation to protect squalene from photo oxidation. The data showed that essential oil of C. myrrha gave the best protection against squalene peroxidation, and that squalene peroxidation during solar exposure was mainly because of singlet oxygen and not due to free radical attack, and that sun care cosmetics should make use not only of free radical scavengers but also of singlet oxygen quenchers. This study aimed to review more than 70 out of hundreds papers (Pub-med-indexed for Medline) on the medical importance and safety of Commiphora molmol and other Commiphora species.
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PMID:An update review on Commiphora molmol and related species. 1920 61

Chronic widespread pain is associated with several medical and psychiatric disorders including, but not limited to, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, mood disorders, hepatitis, endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism, and rheumatologic disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. Careful and comprehensive differential diagnosis must be performed to ensure a correct diagnosis before an appropriate treatment can be selected. Fibromyalgia, in particular, is challenging to diagnose and treat because it shares many characteristics with other disorders and is commonly concurrent with major mood disorders. A comprehensive disease management strategy including patient education, pharmacotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and aerobic and other forms of exercise can be beneficial for many patients with fibromyalgia.
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PMID:Pain and the brain: chronic widespread pain. 1940 95

We describe the case of a 40-year old Iranian man who was admitted to our hospital with severe abdominal pain, abnormal liver function tests and normocytic anemia. Suffering from multiple sclerosis, he was a regular user of opium for pain relief. Basophilic stippling of erythrocytes pointed towards the diagnosis of lead intoxication, the most likely source being contaminated Iranian opium. Serum lead and zinc protoporphyrin levels were strongly elevated. To assess the hepatotoxic effects of lead poisoning a liver biopsy was performed. Pathomorphologic findings of hepatotoxicity, rarely reported in humans, included active hepatitis together with extensive microvesicular and macrovesicular steatosis, hemosiderosis and cholestasis, and a lymphocytic cholangitis. Whilst treated with chelating therapy, liver enzymes returned to normal, suggesting reversibility of the histological findings.
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PMID:Hepatic morphopathologic findings of lead poisoning in a drug addict: a case report. 1956 57

The adverse events of the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates are reviewed. Oral bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate and ibandronate), mainly used for the treatment of osteoporosis, have been associated with adverse events from the upper gastrointestinal tract, acute phase response, hypocalcaemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism, musculoskeletal pain, osteonecrosis of the jaw and ocular events. Intravenous bisphosphonates (pamidronate, ibandronate and zoledronic acid), used in oncology and for the treatment of osteoporosis, have been associated with all the above adverse events, except those from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, pamidronate and zoledronic acid have been associated with renal toxicity. Association of bisphosphonates with atrial fibrillation and atypical fractures of the femoral diaphysis remains uncertain. There are a few case reports relating bisphosphonates to cutaneous reactions, oral ulcerations, hepatitis and esophageal cancer. Generally, intravenous are more potent than oral bisphosphonates and the frequency and severity of some of the bisphosphonate- associated adverse events are dose and potency dependent.
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PMID:Bisphosphonate-associated adverse events. 1957 Jul 37


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