Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A phase II study with cyproterone acetate (CPA) was done as the primary treatment in female breast cancer patients. Twenty-three patients, mean age 64 years, range 52-75 years, were entered and treated with CPA 400 mg daily. Twenty patients were evaluable and responses were sparse. There was one partial and one complete remission, 17 patients were stable and one patient progressed within 3 months. Side-effects were frequent: five patients complained of nausea, three had severe weight loss, one suffered from depression and seven showed disturbed liver function tests. Six patients had to stop treatment for side-effects, while two other patients were taken off treatment because they developed an acute necrotizing hepatitis. The hepatitis recovered after drug withdrawal in both patients. The serum levels of CPA, cortisol, androstenedione, DHAS, LH, FSH and prolactin were measured during CPA treatment. The levels of cortisol and androstenedione did not change, while LH, FSH and DHAS were suppressed. The DHAS showed an inverse relation to serum CPA concentrations. The prolactin levels rose uniformly. The therapeutic effect of CPA in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer is disappointing, and inferior to that of other progestins. Side-effects are frequent, possibly as a result of the high dosage used in this study. The hormonal changes are different from those of other progestins, which may explain the different efficacies.
 ...
PMID:Clinical and endocrine effects of cyproterone acetate in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. 296 61

The paper is concerned with the results of hormonal studies on virus hepatitis in 84 children aged 2 to 14, of them 28 had a mild form of disease, 50--medium grave and 6--a severe form of disease. A study was made of the blood content of ACTH, STH, TSH, cortisol, aldosterone, T3, T4, prolactin, and alpha-fetoprotein. The hormones were determined by a radioimmunoassay using Sorin kits (France). A considerable increase in the blood content of ACTH, cortisol, aldosterone and a moderate increase in STH, TSH and T4 concentrations were noted at the height of virus hepatitis. The above changes were interpreted as a result of combined manifestation of a stress reaction and a decrease in the catabolism of some liver hormones. An assumption has been made of a possibility of the effect of late hormonal shifts on the outcome of virus hepatitis of development of chronic hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:[Endocrine changes in children with acute viral hepatitis]. 343 65

Seven males with liver cirrhosis associated with hepatitis and one with schistosomal liver fibrosis were studied for hypophyseal gonadal dysfunction and compared to six age matched controls. Cirrhotics as a group had higher serum 17 beta estradiol levels (22.1 +/- 6.3 vs 7.8 +/- 0.8 pg/ml, p less than 0.05) which did not rise after four days of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation. Conversely, there was an adequate rise in serum testosterone level after hCG stimulation (332.8 +/- 99.7 ng/dl baseline to 887.6 +/- 67.1 ng/dl, p less than 0.01). Compared to the controls, cirrhotics had lower baseline serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (3.6 +/- 1.7 vs. 10.2 +/- 1.5 mIu/ml, p less than 0.02) and higher serum prolactin (13.5 +/- 2.5 vs. 6.8 +/- 1.0 ng/ml, p less than 0.05). Pituitary dynamic function testing in cirrhotics revealed blunted response of luteinizing hormone (LH) and FSH, to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in four out of eight subjects tested. We conclude that the mechanism of hypogonadism in non-alcoholic cirrhosis is mostly hypogonadotropic in origin rather than primary gonadal injury which is common in alcoholic cirrhosis.
 ...
PMID:Hypophyseal-gonadal dysfunction in men with non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis. 392 49

Two strains of transplantable rat pituitary tumors, MtT SA5 and MtT SA6, have been established in female nude mice from a single original pituitary tumor which had spontaneously occurred in a female Wistar rat at 759 days of age. MtT SA5 tumor produces prolactin (PRL), growth hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone, and MtT SA6 tumor secretes PRL and growth hormone. Additionally, both tumors induce severe nephropathy and promote pathogenicity of murine hepatitis virus, resulting in hepatic necrosis. Electron micrographs of MtT SA5 and MtT SA6 tumors revealed three and two types of cells, respectively, in reference to secretory granules. The tumors seem to consist of mixed population, each cell secreting each hormone. Since marked adrenal enlargement and relatively low serum corticosterone levels were found in MtT SA5-bearing rats, it is suggested that MtT SA5 tumor secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone and/or its related peptides which induce adrenal hyperplasia with little or no stimulation of corticoid production. In nude mice bearing MtT SA5 tumor, concentrations of growth hormone in serum and tumor tissue were exceedingly higher than those of PRL, while they were in the same magnitude in MtT SA6-bearing nude mice. We also found that PRL levels in serum and tumor tissue of MtT SA5-bearing nude mice were much higher in males than females, although those of MtT SA5-bearing rats were not significantly different in both sexes.
 ...
PMID:Functional and morphological characteristics of transplantable rat pituitary tumors established in nude mice. 654 Jun 21

The effects of liver transplantation on the pituitary-gonadal axis and sex-hormone metabolism were evaluated by studying hormonal status (androgens, oestrogens, and gonadotropins) and sex-hormone-binding globulin levels in men with advanced liver disease of both alcoholic and viral origins. Comparison of the results prior to and 6 months after liver transplantation showed that successful liver transplantation in men induced significant differences in sex-hormone levels and in pituitary-gonadal function in both alcoholic and post-hepatitis patients. Plasma testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels increased, oestrogen (oestrone and oestradiol) and androstenedione levels fell while gonadotropin (FSH and LH) levels increased. There was also a fall in plasma prolactin levels. Sex-hormone binding globulin plasma levels were elevated prior to transplantation and decreased thereafter. These data show that male patients with advanced liver disease have biological hypogonadism and feminization, irrespective of the aetiology, and that these abnormalities rapidly improve after successful liver transplantation. Therefore in men with advanced liver disease the biochemical signs of sex hormone disturbance are reversible and may be largely related to the liver disease.
 ...
PMID:Effect of liver transplantation on sex-hormone disorders in male patients with alcohol-induced or post-viral hepatitis advanced liver disease. 801 56

We report the case of a 45-year-old woman suffering from anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive chronic active hepatitis and amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome due to a prolactin-secreting pituitary microadenoma. She was repeatedly given alpha-interferon for hepatitis, and a concomitant normalization of plasma prolactin levels, with disappearance of the related symptoms, was observed during the treatment. Further experience is needed in order to verify the therapeutical effectiveness of alpha-interferon on prolactin-secreting tumors.
 ...
PMID:[Normalization of the prolactin values during alfa-interferon therapy: the considerations with a female patient with anti-HCV-positive chronic hepatitis and prolactin-secreting hypophyseal microadenoma]. 876 48

Two eukaryotic human prolactin (hPRL) expression vectors, based on a selectable dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) marker, were used to transfect dhfr(-) Chinese- hamster ovary (CHO) cells. One vector, p658-hPRL, contains the hepatitis-B virus-X cDNA coding for a viral transactivator and sequences mediating dhfr mRNA degradation. The other, pEDdc-hPRL, carries the encephalomyocarditis virus leader sequence coupled to hPRL cDNA to provide high-level protein expression, possibly via a mechanism of internal translation initiation in dicistronic mRNA. Without methotrexate (MTX) amplification, p658-hPRL-transfected stable cell lines, secreting up to approximately 10 microg of hPRL/10(6) cells per day, could be rapidly obtained; production by pEDdc-hPRL-transfected cells was about 10-fold lower. However, a three-step MTX amplification of the latter led to clones secreting up to approximately 30 microg of hPRL/10(6) cells per day. A pilot production using a hollow-fibre bioreactor indicated that highly concentrated hormone levels in the medium could be obtained, with a production of up to 150 microg of hPRL/ml per day. SDS/PAGE analysis indicated that recombinant hPRL contained approximately 10% glycosylated PRL. Chromatographically purified non-glycosylated and glycosylated recombinant hPRL had bioactivities of 35 and 16 i.u./mg, respectively (Nb2 cell bioassay). This appears to be the first report describing production and purification of recombinant hPRL from CHO cells, secreted at levels higher than reported thus far in eukaryotic systems.
 ...
PMID:High-level synthesis of human prolactin in Chinese-Hamster ovary cells. 1100 73