Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Problem of HBV and HCV coinfection is controversial. HCV superinfection seems to be the co-factor of HBV infection, so as factor inhibiting HBV replication. According to some authors in HBV, HCV co-infection more advanced morphological liver changes and progression to hepatocellular carcinoma were observed. It concerns so patients with active as an "occult" hepatitis B. In this work the results of our own investigations were presented in which beneficial influence of HCV superinfection on chronic B hepatitis in children was revealed. Our study confirmed opinions of both viruses interference.
 ...
PMID:[HBV and HCV coinfections in children--own investigations]. 1468 64

FREQUENT COINFECTION: One third of HIV-infected patients also carry the hepatitis C virus. Liver disease (fibrosis) in hepatitis C progresses faster and is more severe in HIV patients than in non-coinfected patients. HEPATITIS C SHOULD BE TREATED: The prolongation of survival of HIV patients since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatments (HAART), the faster progression of HCV-related cirrhosis in cases of HIV-HCV coinfection, the increased mortality associated with hepatitis, and the hepatotoxicity of antiretroviral treatments are all arguments in favor of treating hepatitis C in HIV patients. A combination of peginterferon and ribavirin is the treatment of choice for hepatitis C. It has been assessed in patients with HIV-HCV coinfection and showed satisfactory levels of prolonged virologic response. A treatment of 48 weeks is recommended regardless of genotype. Early virologic response is an excellent predictive factor for prolonged response; if no response is observed at 12 weeks, treatment can be stopped. IMPACT OF HAART: Antiretroviral treatment seems to have a positive effect on the course of hepatitis C that exceeds its risk of hepatotoxicity.
 ...
PMID:Should HIV/HCV coinfected patients with severe hepatitis be treated for hepatitis C. 1631 18

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is often associated with severe forms of liver disease. However, comprehensive studies are lacking, and scant information is available regarding the virological behavior over time in coinfected patients. This study enrolled 133 untreated HBV/HCV-positive patients (male/female = 102/31; median age 51 years [range: 22-83 years]) who were longitudinally followed up for 1 year with bimonthly evaluation of HBV/HCV viremia levels and liver biochemistry. Thirty of these patients had triple infection with hepatitis Delta virus (HDV), while 103 patients were HDV-negative. In the HDV-negative group, active infection with both HBV and HCV was revealed in 24 cases, inactive infection by both viruses was seen in 15 cases, active HBV/inactive HCV was seen in 15 cases, and inactive HBV/active HCV was seen in 49 cases. However, 32 subjects (31%) presented dynamic virological profiles characterized by fluctuation of HBV and/or HCV viremia levels that at different time points were over or under the cutoff limits. Consequently, a correct diagnosis could be performed in these subjects only by serially repeating the virological tests 1 year apart. Similarly, 15 of the 30 HDV-positive subjects showed active HBV and/or HCV infection, with fluctuating virological patterns in 8 cases. In conclusion, this study showed that the virological patterns in HBV/HCV coinfection are widely divergent and have dynamic profiles. A careful longitudinal evaluation of the viremia levels of both viruses is essential for making a correct diagnosis and tailoring the appropriate therapeutic schedule in coinfected patients.
 ...
PMID:Longitudinal evaluation reveals a complex spectrum of virological profiles in hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients. 1632 13

Chronic hepatitis B infection presents a number of challenges to clinicians. There are additional considerations when defining management strategies for individuals with advanced liver disease, or coinfection, or those at high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Treatment of decompensated cirrhosis is particularly important. Evidence suggests that suppression of viral replication through nucleos(t)ide analog therapy leads to longer time to transplantation, improved liver function, and improved survival times. The use of interferon in patients with decompensated hepatitis B is associated with serious complications and is currently contraindicated for these patients by the AASLD Practice Guidelines. Hepatitis B coinfection is often associated with more extensive disease. In patients with HBV/HCV coinfection, one disease is usually dominant and consequently should be the focus of therapy. HIV/HBV coinfection increases the risk of progressive liver disease. Therapeutic agents active against both viruses should be utilized at the correct dose to limit the development of resistance. Agents specific for HBV, e.g., entecavir, enable hepatitis to be treated while avoiding the risk of HIV resistance developing. Dual infection with HBV and HDV is particularly challenging. Nucleos(t)ide analogs are ineffective in treating HDV infection, and there is limited data concerning the efficacy of interferon in this setting. The association between chronic hepatitis B infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is well established. In patients at high risk of HCC, screening regimes may be effective. Furthermore, there is an increasing body of evidence indicating that effective suppression of viral replication may be associated with a reduced risk of HCC.
 ...
PMID:Optimizing management strategies in special patient populations. 1644 49

Hepatitis virus coinfections [HBV plus HCV coinfection (HBV/HCV) or HBV plus HDV coinfection (HBV/HDV)] may progress more rapidly to cirrhosis than hepatitis B or C monoinfections in immunocompetent patients. Only limited information is available on the outcome of coinfected patients after liver transplantation. We studied survival rates of 204 patients with viral hepatitis transplanted at our center between 1972 and 1997. HBV/HDV and HBV/HCV coinfections were present in 23 and nine individuals, respectively, while 97 patients had monoinfection by HCV and 75 had HBV monoinfection. Survival of coinfected patients was significantly longer than that of monoinfected patients (14.4 +/- 0.9 vs. 8.5 +/- 0.6 yr; p = 0.0003). The same was true for graft survival (p = 0.0002). In Cox's regression, viral coinfection (p = 0.0001), absence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (p = 0.00001) and no retransplantation (p = 0.02) were independently associated with patient survival. After exclusion of patients with HCC (n = 62), survival of coinfected patients was still significantly longer than that of monoinfected individuals (p = 0.002). The improved outcome was similar for both HBV/HDV and HBV/HCV coinfections. In contrast to immunocompetent patients, individuals with multiple hepatitis virus infections had an improved outcome after liver transplantation. Thus, viral coinfections may be associated with ameliorated courses of diseases under certain conditions.
 ...
PMID:Longer survival of liver transplant recipients with hepatitis virus coinfections. 1742 55

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) share similar transmission routes, but concurrent acute HCV and HBV infection was rarely reported. Little is known about viral interaction and hepatic biochemical features of acute HBV and HCV coinfection. We report an intravenous drug abuser with simultaneous acute HBV and HCV infections presenting as biphasic elevation of both alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin levels. HCV infection is the major cause of continuing hepatitis after termination of HBsAg antigenemia.
 ...
PMID:Simultaneously acute hepatitis B virus and C virus coinfection and subsequent chronic hepatitis C. 1745 1

Because of the shared modes of transmission, hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is not uncommon in highly endemic areas and among subjects with a high risk of parenteral infections. The worldwide prevalence of HBV/HCV coinfection is unknown and might be underestimated with the phenomenon of silent (occult) HBV infection. HCV superinfection in patients with chronic HBV infection was the most common clinical features of coinfection in Asia-Pacific countries. Further, most, but not all, clinical observations suggested that interference between the two viruses was more frequently characterized by an inhibition of HBV replication exerted by HCV. However, longitudinal follow-up studies have demonstrated that the virological patterns in coinfection cases are widely divergent and have dynamic profiles over time. As compared with monoinfected patients, HBV/HCV coinfected persons tend to have more severe liver injury, a higher probability of liver cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation, and a higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Detailed serological and virological evaluations are required for coinfected patients before initiation of antiviral therapy. Previous studies demonstrated that HBV/HCV coinfected patients responded poorly to interferon (IFN) monotherapy. Currently, for patients with dominant HCV infection and low level HBV viremia (<10(4) IU/mL), IFN or pegylated IFN plus ribavirin can achieve comparable sustained virus response as expected with HCV monoinfection. However, phenomenon of reciprocal viral interference can happen, and resultant "flare" of hepatitis activity may cause liver function deterioration. For coinfected patients with dually-active HBV/HCV, the optimal regimen for therapy remains unclear although adding oral nucleos(t)ide analogs to pegylated IFN and ribavirin seems a reasonable empiric option.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus coinfection: epidemiology, clinical features, viral interactions and treatment. 1839 82

In 2007, incarcerated persons accounted for 0.41% (approximately 16,500) of the Croatian population. In the heterogeneous structure of the prison population in Croatia, some 25%-30% of the prisoners are drug abusers. In this study, we intended to determine precisely the structure of the prison population in Croatia and the prevalence of HBV and HCV markers in this population. It is well known that HBV and HCV infection can spread within prisons, and therefore we tried to determine the rate of acute HBV and HCV infection among prisoners in Croatian prisons. In total, 25.7% of prisoners were positive for some viral hepatitis markers (HBV 11.3%, HCV 8.3%, and HBV/HCV 6.3%). The rate of HBV infection was very high among intravenous drug users (26.2%) and relatively high among highly promiscuous individuals (19.9%). HCV infection was most prevalent among intravenous drug users (50.2%) and relatively high among highly promiscuous individuals (7.5%). HBV/HCV coinfection was recorded in 23.5% of prisoners. Acute infection with HBV was detected in 0.3% and with HCV in 1.2% of the study population. One fourth of all prisoners had contact with HBV, HCV, or both viruses. It is evident that both hepatitis virus infections (HCV more and HBV less) are spreading within prisons among prisoners. The opportunity of screening, testing, vaccination, treatment and education of high-risk individuals while they are in the controlled environment of a correctional facility is a good policy for both individuals and the community.
 ...
PMID:[Prevalence of hepatitis B and C among prison population in Croatia]. 2019 6

Long-term changes in the frequency and outcome of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection have seldom been analysed. This retrospective, longitudinal study includes 398 consecutive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients with anti-HDV antibodies who attended our institution between 1983 and 2008. At enrolment, 182 patients had acute and 216 chronic hepatitis. Patients were grouped into two periods. Those who attended between 1983 and 1995 and those between 1996 and 2008. The former group was significantly younger, mainly intravenous drugs users, and had a greater incidence of acute HDV and HIV and HCV coinfection. Patients with acute HBV/HDV coinfection cleared both infections in 90% of cases, while all patients with HDV superinfection evolved to chronic disease. One hundred and fifty-eight patients with chronic HDV were followed for a median period of 158months. Seventy-two per cent of the patients remained stable, 18% had hepatic decompensation, 3% developed hepatocellular carcinoma, and 8% cleared HBsAg. Liver-related death was observed in 13% of patients and mainly occurred in patients from the first period (P=0.012). These results indicate an outbreak of HDV at the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, with a large number of acute HDV cases affecting predominately young, male intravenous drug users. Currently, patients with chronic HDV disease are older, and factors associated with worse prognosis include the presence of cirrhosis and age at the time of diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Clinical outcome of acute and chronic hepatitis delta over time: a long-term follow-up study. 2054 96

Immigration from developing regions to Western countries has resulted in an increased rate of non-B subtypes in the HIV population. However, it is unclear whether these HIV variants remain confined to foreigners or are already spreading among natives. Since many immigrants come from regions in which hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are endemic, HIV-hepatitis coinfection might be more frequent in newly diagnosed HIV persons. Herein, we report changes in the prevalence and distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in Madrid, Spain over the past 10 years as well as the rate of chronic HBV and HCV coinfection in 1854 newly diagnosed HIV-1 individuals. Overall 18.2% carried HIV-1 non-B subtypes, although the prevalence increased over time reaching a peak of 19.4% in the last period (2007-2010). The most common non-B variants were CRF02_AG (37%), G (12%), A (9.9%), and C (7.8%). In native Spaniards the rate of non-B subtypes increased from 1.5% in 2000-2002 to 7.2% in 2003-2006 and to 11.4% in 2007-2010 (p = 0.04). Chronic hepatitis B and C were found, respectively, in 4.2% and 8.3% of the study population. While the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B has remained fairly stable over time across distinct populations, the rate of chronic HCV infection has experienced a significant decline, mainly in native Spaniards as a result of a reduction in intravenous drug use. In summary, the prevalence of HIV-1 non-B subtypes is rising in newly diagnosed HIV-1 individuals in Spain, including the native population. In contrast, the rate of HBV coinfection remains unchanged and the rate of HCV coinfection has declined.
 ...
PMID:Changing rate of non-B subtypes and coinfection with hepatitis B/C viruses in newly diagnosed HIV type 1 individuals in Spain. 2103 16


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>