Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity of GOT, GPT, APh, liver APh, gamma GTP, AAP and serum cholinesterase were determined in 80 patients with chronic liver diseases, diagnosed clinically, laparoscopically and by liver biopsy. Out of the patients with liver cirrhosis (51), those with portal cirrhosis (40) have a considerably higher activity of gamma GTP, intestinal APh than the patients with postecrotic cirrhosis (11). Cholinesterase activity is markedly lower in patients with cirrhosis and ascites than in the patients without ascites. With the histological data about the activity gamma GTP and GOT are considerably higher without activity. Examinations were carried out also upon patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis (4), chronic persisting hepatitis (9), liver cancer (12) and liver steatosis (4). The data revealed that the majority of the enzymes are with a higher sensitivity (especially gamma GTP, GOT, liver APh, cholinesterase) but with more restricted diagnostic and differential-diagnostic potentialities in view of the great dispersion of the enzyme activities with the separate liver diseases.
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PMID:[Comparative laparoscopic, bioptic and clinical enzymological studies in liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases]. 14 93

From March 1963 through June 1976, 111 patients received orthotopic liver homografts. Forty-two of the recipients had congenital biliary atresia. Other common diagnoses were chronic aggressive hepatitis, Laennec's cirrhosis, and primary hepatic malignancy. There were also other assorted, less common diagnoses. Thirty-one of the 111 patients (28%) lived at least one year and 15 are still alive with follow-ups of 2 1/2 to 8 1/2 years. Seven of the patients lived for more than five years, and 6 of these 7 are still alive. In 1975 and 1976, clinical-pathologic correlations on all these patients were carried out with Professor K.A. Porter of London. The most common causes for failure were technical misadventures, including biliary tract problems, vascular thromboses, and the use of ischemically damaged livers. Rejection was less of a problem than had been realized. In view of these findings, improvements in intraoperative and postoperative management were made with particular reference to biliary tract drainage and to the use of microvascular techniques. Treatment of a new series of 30 patients was begun in July 1976, and completed in December 1977. After 6 to 22 months, 15 of the 30 most recently treated patients are alive, all living outside the hospital. Thus, the outlook after transplantation appears to have greatly improved, and a one-year survival rate of 50% is projected.
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PMID:Liver transplantation. 35 95

Secretory IgA (sIgA) were searched in 60 sera of healthy blood donors and in 1 590 sera of subjects having various diseases. 20 percent of these subjects showed an increased amount of sIgA in their sera. The only subjects presenting a constant increase (sometimes more than 20 fold the normal amount) were people with liver diseases. Quantitation of sIgA, in relation with the determination of the IgA/transferrin ratio (IgA/T) in sera, showed an important difference between Laennec's cirrhosis on one hand and virus hepatitis or post-hepatitic cirrhosis on the other. In Laennec's cirrhosis a moderate increase in sIgA went with a strong elevation of the IgA/T ratio, the latter being proportional to the degree of evolution of the disease. In virus hepatitis, the sIgA amount was largely increased while the IgA/T ratio remained at a normal value.
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PMID:[Use of serum s-IgA detection in liver pathology (author's transl)]. 39 19

A prothrombin complex concentrate was used in attempts to control life-threatening hemorrhage in 4 patients with chronic liver disease. The population manifested profuse bleeding from varices and/or hemorrhagic gastritis; 3 had Laennec's cirrhosis and 1 had postnecrotic cirrhosis from childhood hepatitis. In all patients the complex was given in amounts needed to raise the prothrombin (factor II) level to approximately 100% of normal. In all 4 cases the prothrombin time and prothrombin complex factors approached normal within 1-2 hr after beginning the infusion. In all patients bleeding ceased with correction of the clotting status. One patient rebled several hours after completing the infusion. In several patients, increases in factors V and VIII were noted following infusion of the concentrate. A further unexpected finding was a spontaneous increase in factors II and IX at 3 days postinfusion. Prothrombin complex concentrate appears to be useful in controlling the hemorrhage of chronic liver disease when used alone or in combination with other modalities to correct specific hemostatic defects; however, patients may be expected to rebleed when the effect of the concentrate wears off. Its use, therefore, should probably be restricted to those patients who are to undergo corrective surgery of the bleeding point once hemostasis is achieved.
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PMID:Prothrombin complex concentrate: use in controlling the hemorrhagic diathesis of chronic liver disease. 108 Mar 55

The rate of hepatic metabolism of dimethylaminoantipyrine (aminopyrine), which occurs primarily through N-demethylation, was assessed by measurement of the specific activity of 14CO2 excreted in breath samples obtained 2 hours after oral administration of a trace dose of [14C]aminopyrine. The percentage of administered 14C excreted in 14CO2 in 2 hours was 7.0 +/- 1.3 (SD)% in control patients, and significantly less (P less than 0.01) in patients with portal cirrhosis (2.6 +/- 1.2%), fatty liver (4.7 +/- 1.1%), hepatitis (2.6 +/- 1.4%), and hepatic malignancy (3.5 +/- 1.8%). In 16 of 24 subjects with cholestasis not caused by malignant disease the mean 14CO2 excretion was normal. The 14CO2 excretion in patients with portal cirrhosis correlated highly with aminopyrine metabolic clearance rate (r equals 0.92), serum albumin (r equals 0.75), and retention of bromsulphalein (r equals 0.73). Abnormal 14CO2 excretion returned to normal in patients with hepatitis, when the hepatitis resolved. The data suggest that the aminopyrine breath test is a safe, simple, qualitative and quantitative liver function test.
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PMID:Quantitative assessment of hepatic function by breath analysis after oral administration of (14C)aminopyrine. 120 Apr 95

The levels of cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) were assessed in surgically resected ten human liver tumors and their adjacent tissues by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and Scatchard analysis. The tissues adjacent to hepatocellular carcinomas usually showed portal cirrhosis or hepatitis. There was no significant difference in the dissociation constant (Kd) values of binding proteins of CRBP or CRABP between tumors and adjacent tissues. Five of the ten liver tumors showed similar levels of CRBP as in their adjacent tissues whereas three of the ten liver tumors showed about 40% or less contents of CRBP in comparison with their adjacent tissues and two others had no CRBP activity. By contrast, CRABP activities were found in five liver tumors and in adjacent tissues of one case, whereas there were no detectable CRABP activities in the adjacent tissues except in one case.
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PMID:Cellular vitamin A-binding proteins in liver tumors and adjacent tissues. 298 34

When larvae of C. sinensis reach the biliary system and mature, the flukes provoke pathological changes, both as a result of local trauma and of toxic irritation. The appearances vary with duration and severity of the infestation, but they are sufficiently distinctive and characteristic to allow a classification into four phases as follows; 1st phase, desquamation of epithelial cells, 2nd phase, hyperplasia and desquamation of epithelial cells, 3rd phase, hyperplasia and desquamation of epithelial cells, and adenomatous tissue formation, and 4th phase, marked proliferation of the periductal connective tissue with scattered abortive acini of epithelial cells and fibrosis of the wall of the bile duct. The onset of symptoms and signs is at times gradual, at times sudden. Chill and fever up to 40 degrees C occur during the acute stage, i.e. the period less than a month after parasite invasion. And a few weeks later, the chronic stage follows with the classical clinical features. In general, symptoms and signs can be classified as follows: mild, essentially symptomless, progressive, with irregular appetite, gastrointestinal disturbances, oedema, hepatomegaly, etc., and severe, with a syndrome associated with portal cirrhosis and hypertension. Pathogenic changes and complications are generally restricted to foci, but may eventually affect the whole liver. Calculi, acute suppurative cholangitis, recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, cholecystitis, hepatitis, and acute pancreatitis are important complications. Carcinoma of the liver is often found in association with clonorchiasis, too.
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PMID:Clonorchis sinensis: pathogenesis and clinical features of infection. 639 2

Seventy-two long-surviving liver transplant recipients were evaluated prospectively, including a baseline allograft biopsy for weaning off of immunosuppression. Thirteen were removed from candidacy because of chronic rejection (n = 4), hepatitis (n = 2), patient anxiety (n = 5), or lack of cooperation by the local physician (n = 2). The other 59, aged 12-68 years, had stepwise drug weaning with weekly or biweekly monitoring of liver function tests. Their original diagnoses were PBC (n = 9), HCC (n = 1), Wilson's disease (n = 4), hepatitides (n = 15), Laennec's cirrhosis (n = 1), biliary atresia (n = 16), cystic fibrosis (n = 1), hemochromatosis (n = 1), hepatic trauma (n = 1), alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (n = 9), and secondary biliary cirrhosis (n = 1). Most of the patients had complications of long-term immunosuppression, of which the most significant were renal dysfunction (n = 8), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 2) or verruca vulgaris of skin (n = 9), osteoporosis and/or arthritis (n = 12), obesity (n = 3), hypertension (n = 11), and opportunistic infections (n = 2). When azathioprine was a third drug, it was stopped first. Otherwise, weaning began with prednisone, using the results of corticotropin stimulation testing as a guide. If adrenal insufficiency was diagnosed, patients reduced to < 5 mg/day prednisone were considered off of steroids. The baseline agents (azathioprine, cyclosporine, or FK506) were then gradually reduced in monthly decrements. Complete weaning was accomplished in 16 patients (27.1%) with 3-19 months drug-free follow-up, is progressing in 28 (47.4%), and failed in 15 (25.4%) without graft losses or demonstrable loss of graft function from the rejections. This and our previous experience with self-weaned and other patients off of immunosuppression indicate that a significant percentage of appropriately selected long-surviving liver recipients can unknowingly achieve drug-free graft acceptance. Such attempts should not be contemplated until 5-10 years posttransplantation and then only with careful case selection, close monitoring, and prompt reinstitution of immunosuppression when necessary.
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PMID:Weaning of immunosuppression in long-term liver transplant recipients. 783 42

A new non-linear mathematical model was constructed in order to perform in vivo quantification of the RES phagocytic function. This method is based on the same technical facilities as used for the routine liver-spleen scintigraphy with radiocolloids [1, 2]. But kinetic modeling of dynamic Tc-99m-sulfur colloid data produced estimations of the functional RE-parameters: the clearance rate of the colloidal particles, the rate of phagocytosis, and the RES functional volume, which can not be obtained by classical approaches. This non-linear model was designed on the basis of the principal characteristics of particulate material interaction with macrophages (attachment, phagocytosis, digestion) [3, 4, 5]. The theoretically examined behavior of this in vivo mathematical model corresponds with the experimental behavior of the RES. The mathematical expression of the dynamics is the system of non-linear differential equations with constant coefficients that have no analytical solution. Fitting of the normalized heart blood time-activity curve was obtained to identify the unknown model parameters via non-linear regression. For this purpose general interactive PASCAL procedure IDPAR for a PDP-11/34 computer was used (an IBM PC version is also available). Two to three iterations were needed to estimate the set of unknown parameters for any patient study (1-1.5 min). A very good fitting was obtained between experimental and model curves in every case of different pathologies (error of the approximation is about 2-3%). Studies were performed using an in vivo bolus injection of 3.6 mg/80 kg commercially available colloid KOREN labeled with 3m-Ci 99m-Tc (analog of TCK-1). Our method was used to determine the RES functional parameters for patient groups with different levels of the RES dysfunction. Obtained results illustrate the possibilities of our technique to quantitatively estimate not only great pathology (portal cirrhosis), but also small changes of the RE-function (case of hyperlipidemia and ulcer gaster). In all patient groups marked changes of Tc-99m-sulfur colloid turnover were observed. In general, tracer clearance from the circulation was decreased, and the rate of phagocytosis and the RES volume were diminished compared with controls. The effect of a reduction of phagocytosis increases when the RES dysfunction becomes stronger. It can be shown that a non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test gives a significant difference (P95%) for these patient groups. Further, we represent the possibility of using the model for monitoring changes of the RES-function parameters during and after therapy. The quantitative test of the RES function can significantly enhance the diagnosis and management of different diseases. Serial colloidal studies may document changes in the RES-function for the tumors, cirrhosis, hyperlipidemia, reticulosis, hepatitis, thrombosis, infection, AIDS, burn injury, shock and trauma patients. The technique may be useful for the different RES investigations with laboratory animals. Created computer software can be used as a tool for kinetic models, simulation, and unknown parameters identification.
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PMID:A non-linear mathematical model for the in vivo evaluation of the RES phagocytic function. 859 76

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a frequent complication of cirrhosis with ascites. As clinical symptoms are often mild or lacking, the condition may not be perceived in otherwise severely ill patients. This study focuses on diagnostic and prognostic aspects in 25 patients with 26 episodes of SBP. A microbiological diagnosis was established in 18 patients by positive culture of ascitic fluid or positive gram stain. In 8 episodes the diagnosis was presumed on the basis of an elevated polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) count in the ascitic fluid (> 250 PMN/microliters). The mean (+/- SD) age of the 11 women and 14 men was 55 +/- 14 years; 16 were attributed to Child grade C, 9 to Child grade B liver dysfunction. In 19 cases, cirrhosis was confirmed histologically. The underlying liver disease was Laennec's cirrhosis in 13 cases, hepatitis-B virus associated chronic liver disease in 7 cases and primary biliary cirrhosis in 2 cases. At the time of diagnosis, 6 of 25 patients had no fever, 13 of 25 patients had no abdominal pain, 10 of 24 patients showed no abdominal tenderness upon palpation and 5 of 26 patients had no fever or abdominal pain. 17 of 26 patients showed signs of portosystemic encephalopathy. The total white blood cell count in the ascitic fluid was 3627 +/- 3978/microliters with 71 +/- 29% polymorphonuclear cells in the group with microbiologically proven peritonitis and 5105 +/- 2860 cells/microliters (80 +/- 13%) in the group with negative ascitic fluid culture, respectively. Gram stains were positive in 8 cases and culture in 16 of 25 patients. E. coli was cultured in 8 episodes and Str. pneumoniae in two. In-hospital mortality was 61% in the group with microbiologically proven peritonitis and 14% in the group with negative ascitic fluid culture (p = 0.062); 6-month mortality rate was 78% and 86% respectively (p = 0.91). Prognosis was worse in patients Child grade C (p = 0.027), in patients lacking symptoms or signs of peritoneal irritation (p = 0.017), in patients with septic shock (p = 0.018) and in patients with elevated serum-creatinin levels at the time of diagnosis (p = 0.05). SBP is a treatable complication with high mortality of advanced liver disease. Clinical manifestations may be non-specific or absent. We recommend that diagnostic paracentesis be performed in all patients with cirrhosis and ascites if their clinical condition is rapidly worsening.
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PMID:[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: diagnostic and prognostic aspects]. 884 98


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