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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two-hundred and thirty-six courses of high-dose chemotherapy with bone marrow transplantation for solid tumors in children were reviewed in order to assess the incidence of hepatic abnormalities and their etiology. Bacterial and fungal hepatitis were excluded from this study. Hepatic complications occurred after 43 courses (20 per cent) in 39 patients. Four patients had hepatic abnormalities after two consecutive courses. Predisposing factors were found to be conditioning regimen including busulfan and previous high dose chemotherapy. Veno-occlusive disease occurred in 11 children and had a fatal outcome in 4. In 9 children, hepatitis was a symptom of diffuse viral infection. In the other 23 courses, hepatitis was isolated but it was difficult to determine whether its etiology was viral (cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, HBs, non A non B) or toxic. In these latter forms, the outcome was always good.
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PMID:[Hepatic complications after high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow autograft in solid tumors in children]. 296 80

Monoclonal antibody-secreting cell lines were isolated after transformation of peripheral blood leukocytes with Epstein-Barr virus. Blood samples were obtained from human donors having circulating antibodies against hepatitis viruses (HAB, HBV), rubella, or rabies virus and from a chimpanzee infected with HAV. Dextran-isolated leukocytes were submitted to Epstein-Barr virus infection at low cell concentrations (1 X 10(4) cells X ml-1). Proliferating clones could be observed in 50-100% of the cultures within 4-6 weeks. Out of 1 ml blood (1 X 10(6) leukocytes) 1-10 stable clones were isolated, secreting specific anti-viral antibodies. These clones were fused with an aminopterin-sensitive, ouabain-resistant, non-immunoglobulin producing mouse-human hybridoma (Org MHH.1). From such fusions 10-90% of the cultures yielded viable hybridomas of which 45% produced antibodies with the same specificity as of the parental EBV transformant. Immunoglobulin production of both EBV transformants and hybridomas was shown to be stable for more than 6 months and at a concentration up to 100 micrograms X ml-1 X 48 h-1. Chimpanzee EBV-transformed lymphocytes proliferated excellently in vitro. Mouse-human hybridomas, however, could be more easily cultivated, cloned and scaled up than the parental EBV-transformed lymphocytes. In conclusion, stable, monoclonal antibody-secreting cell lines of either human or chimpanzee origin could be isolated with an efficiency that exceeds by 10-100-fold standard murine hybridoma technology.
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PMID:Human and chimpanzee monoclonal antibodies. 298 74

Since patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) have evidence of abnormal function of the humoral immune system, we determined if B cells from patients with this disease show evidence of activation and can be stimulated by polyclonal activators. Using a reverse hemolytic plaque assay, it was found that patients with PBC had a significant increase in the number of circulating immunoglobulin-secreting cells, compared to normal controls and patients with chronic type B hepatitis virus (HBV) infection. However, the total number of activated cells was less than 1% of the total circulating B-cell population. Furthermore, we were unable to detect an increase in the expression of transferrin receptors, a membrane receptor associated with B-cell activation, in the majority of B cells in patients with PBC. In other studies, immunoglobulin production by lymphocytes from patients with PBC, when stimulated with the polyclonal activators pokeweed mitogen and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), was reduced. This hyporesponsiveness was not due to a decrease in the number of B cells, as determined by staining with the monoclonal antibody anti-Leu 12. Furthermore, the decreased response to B cells to polyclonal activation in PBC patients was not due increased suppressor T-cell function, since EBV-simulated cultures of lymphocytes from patients with PBC demonstrated diminished suppression of immunoglobulin-secreting cells after 14 days of culture compared to controls. These findings suggest that the humoral abnormalities in PBC are due to the activation of a small subpopulation of B cells rather than to generalized B-cell hyperactivity.
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PMID:Circulating activated B cells in primary biliary cirrhosis. 299 32

We report our experience with 29 symptomatic herpesvirus infections occurring during the course of 87 pediatric transplant procedures performed over the 10-year period, 1973 to 1982. The yearly attack rate ranged from 0.05 to 0.40 case per cumulative patient years at risk. A greater proportion (9 of 14) of children who received more than 10 units of whole blood or packed red blood cells prior to transplantation developed a viral infection compared with those given 10 transfusions or fewer (8 of 25) (P = 0.10). Fever occurred in 22 (76%) children, pulmonary disease in 8 (28%), hepatitis in 11 (35%), leukopenia in 7 (24%), thrombocytopenia in 9 (31%) and central nervous system disease in 3 (10%). Herpesvirus infections were responsible for allograft loss in 7 (24%) patients. However, no differences in the actuarial graft survival curves were noted for transplants performed since 1979 in children with and without viral infection. The etiologic viral agents were cytomegalovirus in 19 (65%) episodes, herpes simplex virus in 8 (28%), Epstein-Barr virus in 2 (7%) and varicella-zoster virus in 2 (7%). Cytomegalovirus-infected patients were younger and more commonly developed primary infection compared with children with herpes simplex virus disease who were more likely to have secondary infection and to manifest a mucocutaneous vesicular rash. We conclude that the etiologic agents and clinical features of herpesvirus infections are similar in pediatric and adult renal allograft recipients. Moreover except for distinctive syndromes such as mucocutaneous vesicular eruption or a central nervous system lymphoma, the various herpes-viruses cause clinically indistinguishable illnesses in pediatric transplant patients with similar end organ involvement and untoward renal consequences.
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PMID:Clinical manifestations of herpesvirus infections in pediatric renal transplant recipients. 299 34

There is sufficient knowledge of the biochemistry of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) persistence and gene expression in latent growth-transforming infection and of the persistence and expression of other oncogenic viruses to permit interesting and possibly useful comparisons. Most smaller oncogenic viral genomes usually persist solely as integrated DNAs despite their ability to circularize. Papilloma and hepatitis viruses may persist as episomes, and parts of their genomes may integrate. Usually, only the oncogenic fragment of adenovirus DNA is integrated into cell DNA. In contrast, the entire EBV genome persists in cells as an episome or as integrated DNA. Thus, EBV may have novel mechanisms to maintain its complete genome as an episome or as a complete integrated virus DNA. Three viral genes are expressed in latently EBV-infected growth-transformed cells, each of which encodes one RNA and one protein. Two of the proteins are probably nuclear DNA-binding proteins; the third is probably a membrane protein. Thus, the repertoire of genes expressed is similar in complexity and intracellular distribution to that expressed by papova and adenoviruses in cellular transformation. The papova and adenovirus-transforming genes are partially analogous to retrovirus oncogenes. This similarity cannot as yet be extended to EBV. There is no homology at the DNA-sequence or protein-sequence level between EBV and other viral or cell oncogenes. Thus, it remains important to pursue analysis of the EBV-transforming genes. Identification of these genes is a first step in discerning their function in latent growth-transforming cell infection. Parts of each of these genes are being made in bacteria. The bacterial products enable us to make antisera that are specific for each of the viral proteins. These antisera can also be used to identify the viral proteins within latently infected growth-transformed cells or within cells stably expressing transfected virus genes. The antisera can also be used to study the association of Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) 1 and 2 with DNA and of the lymphocyte-determined membrane antigen (LYDMA) with the cell membrane. The three genes must be introduced into nontransformed cells to determine whether, alone or in combination, they are sufficient to accomplish cell growth transformation.
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PMID:Biochemistry of latent Epstein-Barr virus infection and associated cell growth transformation. 299 95

Serum samples obtained from 44 patients with virus A hepatitis, 23 patients with virus B hepatitis, 65 patients with virus non A, non B hepatitis and 100 healthy adults were studied for the presence of Epstein-Barr (EB) virus in the indirect immunofluorescence test. In this work lymphoblastoid cell lines PH3-J-1 and CN37 were used. Among patients with different forms of hepatitis, the statistically significant elevation of the titers of antibodies to EB virus was detected only in the group of patients with virus non A, non B hepatitis, and in 6 cases the etiological role of EB virus was confirmed by serological and hematological methods.
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PMID:[Detection of Epstein-Barr viral antibodies in patients with acute viral hepatitis]. 300 73

Heat treatment at 60 degrees C for 10 h in solution (pasteurization) was introduced into the manufacturing process of antihemophilic cryoprecipitate (AHC) and factor VIII concentrates (F VIII) to reduce the risk of transmission of hepatitis to hemophiliacs. Since the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may also be transmitted to hemophiliacs by antihemophilic plasma protein preparations, we have investigated inactivation of the AIDS virus HTLV III by pasteurization in AHC or F VIII and included in this study cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), poliovirus and vaccinia virus. Each of these viruses was efficiently inactivated by pasteurization although considerable differences were observed between the different viruses HTLV III was rapidly inactivated, becoming nondetectable within 30-60 min. Our findings indicate that pasteurized AHC or F VIII should have a high margin of safety regarding the transmission of AIDS or any other infectious disease caused by viruses such as those tested.
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PMID:Inactivation of the AIDS-causing retrovirus and other human viruses in antihemophilic plasma protein preparations by pasteurization. 301 43

Papular acrodermatitis (Gianotti-Crosti syndrome) was seen in a six-year-old girl. The disease was marked by the characteristic triad of a papular-vesicular rash, lymphadenopathy and liver damage. Serological findings suggest an infection with Epstein-Barr virus as the causative factor. In such cases hepatitis-B induced papular eruptive acrodermatitis should be considered in differential diagnosis.
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PMID:[Infantile acro-localized papulovesicular syndrome]. 301 24

Until 20 years ago the only chronic viral diseases known were those considered to be confined to the nervous system. As a result of recent advances in epidemiology, molecular biology and immunology, new viral diseases have been recognized and their clinical features and pathogenesis elucidated. Chronic disease may result from infection with the hepatitis B and D viruses and whatever agent or agents cause hepatitis non-A, non-B, the herpesviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus and human T-lymphotropic virus type III. These diseases have common features, including long-term or even lifetime asymptomatic carriage, viremia, with virus free in the plasma or attached to circulating mononuclear cells, presence of virus in body secretions, irreversible tissue injury in target organs and oncogenic potential. New information on these diseases is reviewed. Other chronic diseases for which the cause is currently unknown may eventually prove to be due to viral infection. In addition, vaccines may be developed for prophylaxis of some chronic viral diseases and associated malignant diseases.
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PMID:Chronic viral diseases. 302 3

The clinical and pathologic features of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) hepatitis in 3 children are described. Manifestations included fever, hepatomegaly, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and failure of uptake of technetium by the reticuloendothelial system of the liver. Histologic features may mimic chronic active hepatitis and lymphoid malignancy. Two patients underwent exploratory laparotomy because of suspected tumor. Recognition of the wide spectrum of hepatic involvement in infectious mononucleosis is important in the differential diagnosis of hepatomegaly. Diagnosis should be made by measurement of IgM-specific EBV antibodies.
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PMID:The spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis in children. 302 40


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