Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is often associated with lethal lymphoproliferative diseases in immunologically compromised individuals. Recently, we have studied a 20-month-old boy with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) who had succumbed to infectious mononucleosis (IM) complicated by fulminant hepatitis and virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome following EBV infection. EBV genomes were detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow. According to restriction endonuclease analyses, the EBV-DNA pattern was similar in all samples except for the EBV-DNA from the bone marrow. Additionally, circular EBV-DNA (suggesting a latent infection) predominated in spontaneously established lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from both the lymph node and cord lymphocytes co-cultured with PBL. In contrast, both circular and linear EBV-DNA (suggesting a lytic infection) were noted in spontaneously established LCLs derived from his PBL. Furthermore, LCLs derived from both the lymph node and cord lymphocytes co-cultured with PBL expressed fewer reactive cells for early antigen (EA) and viral capsid antigen (VCA) than spontaneous LCLs from his PBL, thus providing evidence for different B cellular susceptibility to EBV infection in this patient with XLP. Finally, defective EBV-specific cytotoxic T cell activity was observed in this patient. Latent EBV infected cells may easily escape immunosurveillance by the host. These findings may explain the fatal course of EBV infection in this patient.
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PMID:Differential cellular susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus infection in a patient with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease. 217 37

Both humoral and cell-mediated immunity to Epstein Barr virus related antigen have recently been reported and are thought to be important for the generation of Epstein Barr virus induced human diseases. For this reason, to study immunological features in Epstein Barr virus induced hepatitis (EBH), we studied the ratio of various immunocompetent cells in peripheral blood and compared them to that of healthy control and acute hepatitis (disease control). We found that a significant elevation of CD8+ CD11- cells existed in EBH patients (48.9 +/- 18.3% in EBH, 17.0 +/- 6.9% in AH and 13.6 +/- 7.0% in healthy control) and atypical lymphocytes which are frequently observed in EBH belong to CD8+ CD11- cells. Regarding the study of surface expression of activated T cell markers, we found that these CD8+ cells also expressed HLA-DR antigen on their cell surface. Furthermore, the percentage of CD8+ CD11- cells returned to normal level with the recovery of their liver function. From these results, we can assume that activated CD8+ CD11- cells may have an important roles in generation of EBH.
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PMID:[The analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with Epstein Barr virus induced hepatitis]. 217 74

Fourteen patients with T-cell-derived leukemia and lymphoma underwent high-dose chemoradiotherapy and anti-T-cell monoclonal antibody-treated autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). All patients were either in sensitive relapse or had adverse prognostic features, and five patients had a history of bone marrow involvement with disease. Patients received a median of 2 (1 to 3) prior chemotherapy regimens; 10 patients received local radiotherapy. After high-dose ablative therapy, greater than 500/mm3 granulocytes and greater than 20,000 untransfused platelets/mm3 were noted at a median of 23 (13 to 48) and 26 (15 to 43) days post-ABMT, respectively. Natural killer (NK) cells, T cells (predominantly T8+), and monocytes were noted within the first 1 to 2 months post-AMBT, as seen in other series. Disease-free survival was a median of 10.1 months, 5.9 months for patients with T acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma and 25.6 months for patients with T non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Toxicities were common and severe. Thirty-six percent of patients developed bacteremias early post-BMT. Late complications included a skin rash consistent with graft versus host disease; infections with Herpes zoster, hepatitis, and Pneumocystis carinii; and the development of Epstein-Barr virus associated lymphoproliferative syndrome. Our findings suggest that patients who have undergone T-depleted ABMT have a profound immunodeficiency not reflected in the phenotypic reconstitution of the T and NK cells. Characterization of the functional deficiency may facilitate the development of methods to reduce the long-term toxicity of AMBT in these patients.
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PMID:T-cell-depleted autologous bone marrow transplantation therapy: analysis of immune deficiency and late complications. 219 91

We analysed the serum samples and the liver biopsies of six consecutive chronic HBsAg/anti-HBe carriers admitted to hospital because of an episode of acute hepatitis. The six patients became positive for IgM anti-HBc and negative for HBeAg, hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) markers, IgM anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV), anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) and anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Two patients showed positivity for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA in serum obtained on admission, with no positivity in the subsequent weeks; the results of the other four patients were always negative for seric HBV-DNA. The Southern-blot analysis of the DNA extracted from the liver tissue of four subjects showed the presence of HBV-DNA in the form of replicative intermediates; focal positivity of HBcAg was detected in the liver of only one. The liver biopsies of the last two patients were negative for HBV-DNA and for HBcAg. The analysis of HBV-DNA in the liver extracts and the demonstration of an increase of the IgM anti-HBc titre at the time of the abrupt elevation of the aminotransferase levels seem to be the most useful tools in revealing HBV activation as a cause of acute hepatitis in chronic HBsAg carriers, overall when the phase of viremia is transient.
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PMID:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers and HBV-DNA in serum and liver tissue of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic type B hepatitis. 236 78

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from a patient chronically infected with hepatitis D virus (HDV) were immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus transformation. Two stable monoclonal cell lines, derived from the same parent culture, were established and produced antibodies of the IgG isotype that were specific for the hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg). Both monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) recognized the major HDAg polypeptides of 24 kilodaltons and 27 kilodaltons that were previously detected by polyclonal antibodies to HDAg in both liver and serum from HDV-infected humans, chimpanzees, and woodchucks. This result indicates that the major polypeptides of HDAg share common epitopes. The MAbs also reacted with minor polypeptides of lower molecular weight, which were present in infected liver. In vitro translation products of HDV-specific RNA from infected liver were also detected by the MAbs; these polypeptides were 24 kilodaltons and 27 kilodaltons, respectively, and comigrated with liver- or serum-derived HDAg. In contrast, HDV RNA isolated from virions in serum was not translated into HDAg polypeptides in the in vitro system.
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PMID:A human monoclonal antibody that recognizes viral polypeptides and in vitro translation products of the genome of the hepatitis D virus. 244 71

Antibody profiles for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were determined on 55 serum samples collected from patients with chronic renal failure who were on long-term haemodialysis for periods ranging from 8 months to 5 years and 3 months. The exposure rates for HBV, HAV, CMV, EBV and HIV were 94.5%, 100%, 94.5%, 94.5% and 0% respectively. Among the 7 HBsAg carriers, 1 and 3 were positive for e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe), respectively and three negative for both. These 7 carriers were also negative for anti-delta antibody. A comparison of the above antiviral profiles to those of voluntary blood donors and general population in this district revealed tht there is no difference for HBV, HAV, CMV and EBV exposure rates, VDRL, alpha-fetoprotein and CEA were also tested and the results showed no abnormalities. Only 3 patients had abnormally elevated SGOT and SGPT levels; the causes were undetermined because all of them gave positive HBV, HAV, CMV and EBV antibody profiles. In conclusion the screening of HBsAg and VDRL in the blood banks virtually eliminated possible infections of HBV and spirochate by blood transfusion and the patients with chronic renal failure who are maintained on long-term haemodialysis are generally not at higher risks of hepatitis-related viral infections.
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PMID:[Hepatitis-related viral markers in patients under long-term hemodialysis]. 245 21

We have previously used Epstein-Barr virus transformation to established two clonal lymphoblastoid cell lines (48-1 and S-1) producing monoclonal antibodies against microtubular aggregates that appear in the hepatocytes of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH). To obtain additional antibodies directed against the same structure, the mouse hybridoma method was employed. Partially purified microtubular aggregates were prepared from liver homogenates of a chimpanzee with NANBH and used as the immunogen. Hybridoma cultures were first screened by radioimmunoassay against the partially purified antigen and secondly by immunofluorescence (IF) using liver sections from a chimpanzee with NANBH. Twenty-seven cultures exhibited positive IF reactions similar to those observed with the original antibodies, 48-1 and S-1, and were cloned by limiting dilution. The specificities of the monoclonal antibodies were tested by IF on liver biopsy specimens from chimpanzees with hepatitis A, B, D or NANBH and from normal chimpanzees. All the antibodies proved to be IgG. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that all 27 antibodies bound to the same structure, the microtubular aggregates, in hepatocytes of chimpanzees with NANBH. To determine the size of the antigen polypeptide recognized by these antibodies, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot assays were performed. Nine of the 27 antibodies specifically reacted with a single polypeptide of Mr 44K (p44). The remaining 18 antibodies detected no antigen polypeptide on the filters. The anti-p44 antibodies were then tested using cross-competition assays with 125I-labelled antibodies, and were found to be classifiable into three groups. In addition, the results indicate that at least three distinct epitopes are located on p44: epitope A recognized by group 1, epitope B recognized by group 2 and epitope C recognized by group 3.
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PMID:Production of antibodies directed against microtubular aggregates in hepatocytes of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis. 249 61

In order to determine whether the immunological abnormalities described in intravenous drug addicts (IDA), are due to HIV infection, other viral infections or to the abuse of narcotic drugs, we studied the T lymphocyte subsets and serological markers of infection with hepatitis B and delta virus, cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus, in 49 IDA. The immunological and serological features of IDA were compared with the control group, made up of 20 healthy subjects. In intravenous drug abusers we found a significant increase in the number of total lymphocytes (P less than 0.01), T-lymphocytes (P less than 0.05), T-suppressor cells (P less than 0.05), and serum IgG levels (P less than 0.0001) as compared with the control group. The prevalence of serological markers of infection with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis delta virus, cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus was significantly higher in IDA as compared with the controls. In conclusion our study demonstrates that T-lymphocyte subsets in IDA seronegative for HIV infection are characterized by an enhancement of peripheral lymphocyte cells with a normal OKT4/OKT8 ratio.
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PMID:[Immunological aspects in anti-HIV seronegative drug addicts. Correlation with the duration of heroin addiction and other viral infections]. 255 64

Hepatitis non-A, non-B (HNANB) is due to one or more transmissible agents, probably viruses. Epidemiologically, HNANB is transmitted predominantly by transfusion of blood or plasma derivatives, and percutaneous inoculation, but a non-percutaneous transmission by the fecal-oral route is also established. However, despite 10 years of intense world-wide research, the transmissible agent, or agents, have not been identified and there are no serological assays for either an antigen or an antibody that can be used to detect this infection. The clinical diagnosis of HNANB remains, therefore, a diagnosis of exclusion mainly of hepatitis A and B, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus and drug-induced liver disease. In contrast to hepatitis A and B, the clinical and biochemical course of HNANB tends to be less severe and the proportion of asymptomatic and anicteric cases is higher, but fulminant hepatitis and fatalities also occur. Typically, there is a fluctuating waxing and waning pattern of the serum aminotransferase activities in HNANB. HNANB has a relative high tendency to progress to a chronic stage. The exact frequency of HNANB-induced liver cirrhosis and convincing evidence for an association with hepatocellular carcinoma cannot be assessed, although the persistence of the infectious agent in chronic HNANB and the existence of a chronic asymptomatic carrier state have been proved. By light microscopy there is a broad morphologic spectrum of acute and chronic viral hepatitis, but no single pathognomonic lesion exists that allows a reliable distinction to be made of HNANB from hepatitis A and B. Electron microscopy of liver biopsy specimens of chimpanzees, experimentally infected with HNANB agents, permits the visualisation of cytoplasmic changes, which appear to be specific for infection with HNANB viruses. In human liver biopsy specimens from patients with HNANB, identical ultrastructural cytoplasmic changes could not consistently be demonstrated. In contrast, intranuclear aggregates of spherical and tubular particles measuring 20-29 nm, first described in experimental HNANB in chimpanzees, have been repeatedly demonstrated in acute and chronic HNANB in man. These nuclear particles have been considered as compelling evidence of human HNANB infection. The specificity has been challenged, however, by the demonstration of identical particles in other viral and non-viral hepatopathies and in liver biopsies of healthy volunteers. By immune electron microscopy, a multiplicity of virus-like particles are described in association with HNANB.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Hepatitis non-A, non-B: epidemiologic, clinical, serologic and morphologic aspects]. 258 79

Specific human monoclonal anti-CMV antibodies have been isolated and characterized. The first patient had a chronic T cell lymphocytic leukaemia and a subclinical CMV infection developed at the same time as a monoclonal peak of kappa IgG3. The purified F (ab')2 fragment of the IgG3 had an intense anti-CMV activity. A second monoclonal antibody, also a kappa IgG3, was isolated in a non-immunodepressed patient with a primary CMV infection (chronic pyrexia and hepatitis). The immunotransfer showed that the anti-CMV IgM and IgG of the patient's serum reacted particularly with the p51 protein of virus capsid. The monoclonal IgG3 was specific for the same p51. The third monoclonal anti-CMV Ig studied was synthesized in vitro by the B lymphocytes of a renal transplant patient immortalized by the Epstein-Barr virus. This kappa IgM produced continuously reacted strongly with the nucleus of the cells infected by the CMV. Human monoclonal anti-CMV antibodies could be used for the early detection of viral antigens by immunofluorescence and might also be used to treat severe cases of CMV infection.
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PMID:[Human monoclonal anti-cytomegalovirus antibodies]. 282 59


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