Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thymectomized DBA/2 mice, irradiated with 720 rad/min and reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow, were treated i.p. with 1 g/kg body weight D-galactosamine-HCl (DGA). Light and electron microscopic changes characteristic of the toxic effect of the agent, such as hepatocellular cytoplasmic inclusions and unicellular necrosis, could be observed but no inflammatory reaction was detectable in the liver. The phagocytic activity of Kupffer cells proved to be unchanged in immunosuppressed animals. Liver regeneration following DGA injury took place in 120 hours exactly as in animals having an intact immune system. The experiments suggested that T-lymphocytes participate in the development of DGA-hepatitis and their absence does not influence the restoration of liver injury. The experimental system described seems to be suitable for separating primary and secondary events and also for studying the role of the immune system in toxic liver injury.
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PMID:D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in immunosuppressed mice. 608 23

Liver regeneration has been studied in necrotic hepatitis of 21 rabbits infected with the haemorrhagic disease virus (VHD). Formalin fixed and paraffin embedded liver sections have been immunostained for the proliferation associated antigen PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen-clone PC10) and counterstained with toluidine blue that enhances histologic recognition of mitoses. Hepatocyte and bile duct proliferative activity has been quantified, by means of image analysis, both as PCNA reactivity and mitotic activity. The results, compared with a semiquantitative estimation of liver necrosis, showed a positive correlation between hepatocyte proliferative activity and liver necrosis, both in acute and subacute hepatitis. In the chronic phase a residual proliferative activity appeared in bile duct cells.
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PMID:[Regenerative activity in experimental hepatitis in rabbits with viral hemorrhagic disease (VHD)]. 770 42

Liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy results in proliferation of virtually all of the cells in the remnant liver, leading to restitution of mass within a few days. The regenerating liver maintains its functional capacity, and liver-specific factors, such as C/EBP's, continue to be expressed. Growth-induced transcription factors Stat3 and NF-KB regulate the expression of growth-response genes, ultimately leading to cell growth. Although well-modulated levels of cytokines may promote liver regeneration posthepatectomy, aberrant production of cytokines that can be seen in hepatitis, cirrhosis, and after liver transplantation may lead to hepatomas, fibrosis, and liver failure.
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PMID:Liver regeneration in health and disease. 879 76

Endogenous opioids participate in growth regulation. Liver regeneration relates to growth. Thus, we explored the expression of methionine enkephalin and of the delta opioid receptor 1 immunoreactivities with a polyclonal rabbit antibody in deparaffinized liver of patients with chronic liver disease. Fifteen of a total of fifty-eight samples expressed both opioid receptor and methionine enkephalin immunoreactivities, one sample expressed receptor but not methionine enkephalin immunoreactivity, and two samples expressed methionine enkephalin but not receptor immunoreactivity. Ten of the 45 (22%) samples from patients with chronic hepatitis C, four of the eight (50%) samples from patients with chronic hepatitis B, one of the five (20%) samples from patients with autoimmune hepatitis expressed both met-enkephalin and delta opioid receptor 1 immunoreactivities. The expression of methionine enkephalin and delta opioid receptor 1 immunoreactivities suggests that methionine enkephalin exerts an effect in situ, which may include regulation of liver regeneration. However, another possibility that concerns an effect of methionine enkephalin in the liver arises. As morphine, which acts via opioid receptors, has been reported to increase hepatitis C virus replication in vitro and to interfere with the antiviral effect of interferon, methionine enkephalin, analogous to morphine, may enhance the replication of the hepatitis C virus in the liver of patients with this type of viral hepatitis, and interfere with the therapeutic effect of interferon. These results may explain at least in part, why some patients with chronic hepatitis C infection do not respond to interferon therapy.
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PMID:Human hepatic met-enkephalin and delta opioid receptor-1 immunoreactivities in viral and autoimmune hepatitis. 1875 88

Diagnosis of acute onset autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is the most challenging task because of atypical clinicopathological features. We examined the nature of acute onset AIH consisting of nonsevere, severe, and fulminant AIH based on our published data and other published papers, and propose how to diagnose and treat this intractable hepatitis. We analyzed clinical, biochemical, immunological, radiological, and histological features of acute onset AIH. Thirty percent of fulminant hepatitis was due to AIH and autoimmune acute liver failure (ALF) was not rare. The important characteristic of acute onset AIH is its histological, radiological, and clinical heterogeneity. Sometimes acute onset AIH develops into ALF in a sub-acute clinical course without appropriate diagnosis and treatment, and becomes resistant to immunosuppressive therapy and has poor prognosis. Unenhanced computed tomography (CT) often shows heterogeneous hypoattenuation in autoimmune ALF. The revised original scoring system (1999) performed better in patients with acute onset AIH than the simplified scoring system (2008). Liver regeneration from periportal progenitor cells to mature hepatocytes was impaired in ALF, resulting in resistance to immunosuppressive therapy. Precise histological evaluation (the presence of centrilobular necrosis/collapse) along with the revised original scoring system and CT findings of heterogeneous hypoattenuation after systematic exclusion of other causes 36 plays an important role in the diagnosis. The most important strategy for autoimmune ALF is to diagnose and treat acute onset AIH before its development into ALF. Liver transplantation should be considered before the occurrence of infectious complications in the case of fulminant liver failure.
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PMID:Autoimmune acute liver failure: an emerging etiology for intractable acute liver failure. 2620 68