Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a 47-year-old male patient a tonsillar swelling was pointed out in May, 1991. Lymph node biopsy revealed that he had malignant lymphoma (diffuse large cell type). He had no hepatic dysfunction on admission, but because of positive hepatitis B (HB) antigen and negative HB antibody, he was diagnosed as an asymptomatic HB carrier. The staging examination showed that he had stage IIA lymphoma. Treatment with the COP-BLAM regimen was initiated on June 8. But the level of serum GOT and GPT increased to 286 IU/l and 392 IU/l, respectively. Serum DNA polymerase also increased to 9492 cpm. Interferon-alpha (3 x 10(6) units daily) was administered intramuscularly from June 8. Serum DNA polymerase decreased to zero on September 2, and his HBe antibody became positive indicating seroconversion. COP-BLAM chemotherapy without prednisolone was initiated from September 9 and complete remission was achieved. He was discharged from our hospital on September 25. It has been frequently reported that asymptomatic HB antigen carriers developed fulminant hepatitis during the course of chemotherapy. Our case suggests that it is necessary to continue chemotherapy in order to attain seroconversion by early use of interferon-alpha, when lymphoma patients display aggravated hepatic dysfunction and increased DNA polymerase levels.
 ...
PMID:[Successful interferon-alpha treatment of hepatitis B developing during chemotherapy of malignant lymphoma]. 143 50

The 2'-fluorinated arabinosyl-pyrimidine nucleosides, 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (FIAC) and 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-methyluracil (FMAU), are new antiviral compounds with in vitro inhibitory activity against the DNA polymerase of hepadnaviruses. Those compounds also induced permanent inhibition of viral replication in woodchucks chronically infected by woodchuck hepatitis virus. The effects of these antiviral compounds were assessed in ducks chronically infected by duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV). Following intraperitoneal administration for 5 days, FMAU (2 mg/kg/day) and FIAC (10 mg/kg/day) induced a transient decrease in DHBV replication, as shown by the decrease in both the serum and liver DHBV DNA level. After stopping therapy, DHBV replication rebounded immediately to the pretreatment level. The supercoiled form of liver viral DNA was found to be less affected by the therapy. By contrast, no obvious antiviral effect was observed with vidarabine monophosphate (ara-AMP) (80 mg/kg/day) therapy. No sign of toxicity was observed during the course of the treatment. These preliminary results confirmed in the DHBV model the higher efficacy of FIAC and FMAU as compared to ara-AMP. Pharmacokinetic studies are needed to explain the differences observed in viral replication in these 2 models of HBV infection.
 ...
PMID:Effects of 2'-fluorinated arabinosyl-pyrimidine nucleosides on duck hepatitis B virus DNA level in serum and liver of chronically infected ducks. 162 11

Among 262 inpatients with hematologic diseases who were referred for chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy between January, 1985, and December, 1989, nine (3.4%) patients, including two with Hodgkin's disease (HD), three with acute myeloblastic leukemia, one with chronic myelogenous leukemia, two with multiple myeloma and one with aplastic anemia, were found to be hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers before their chemotherapy began. All six HBV carriers who received chemotherapy containing glucocorticoid showed mild-to-moderate elevations in serum transaminase levels after the chemotherapy. Five showed a rise in titer of the hepatitis B surface antigen, HBsAg. In contrast, three HBV carriers not receiving glucocorticoid showed no change in serum transaminase after chemotherapy. One HBV carrier with HD suffered from severe icteric hepatitis after the withdrawal of multiagent chemotherapy containing glucocorticoid. The HBV-DNA polymerase rose markedly and was accompanied by a marked rise in titer of HBsAg. The results warn us to keep in mind the possibility of glucocorticoid inducing an activation of HBV infection, which may result in severe hepatitis in some HBV carriers. Although further investigation is required, it is recommended that HBsAg-positive patients with hematologic malignancies should, if possible, be treated without glucocorticoid.
 ...
PMID:Activation of hepatitis B virus infection by chemotherapy containing glucocorticoid in hepatitis B virus carriers with hematologic malignancies. 175 16

To determine whether natural human interferon administered under the usual therapeutic dosing scheme would inhibit the hepatic drug metabolism, we performed an antipyrine test in eight patients with chronic B or non-A, non-B hepatitis before and after a subchronic interferon therapy (6 megaunits/day for 17 +/- 4 days, mean +/- SD). Six patients received interferon-beta and 2 received interferon-alpha. To circumvent a possible influence of interferon-induced fever on the hepatic drug metabolism, the antipyrine test during the interferon therapy was performed at least 14 days after the interferon-induced fever disappeared. The kinetic parameters of antipyrine were obtained from seven saliva samples over 32 hours postdose. There were no significant differences in any kinetic parameters of antipyrine observed before and during the interferon therapy. With the sample size of the study, there was only a 20% chance (i.e., beta-power = 0.8 at alpha = 0.05) that we might have missed a 17% reduction in antipyrine clearance by the interferon therapy (type II error). On the other hand, the subchronic interferon therapy lowered serum aminotransferases and DNA polymerase activity significantly (P less than .05) compared with the respective baseline values. Our results suggest that the subchronic therapeutic dosing scheme of interferon as conducted in the present study does not cause the inhibitory effect on the oxidative drug metabolism to a statistically significant or clinically relevant degree in patients with chronic hepatitis, while it improves their liver function. Further studies are required for determining if different types of interferons administered under the different dosing schemes would alter the hepatic drug metabolism and the inhibitory effect would be time-dependent.
 ...
PMID:Effects of subchronic treatment with natural human interferons on antipyrine clearance and liver function in patients with chronic hepatitis. 211 64

Serum DNA polymerase activity (DNA-P) was detected in 27.6 per cent of non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis patients, 8.7 per cent of patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD), 8.6 per cent of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients and 19.0 per cent of HBsAg-negative blood donors with elevated serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) concentrations. In contrast, none of the patients with hepatitis A, drug-induced liver injury or non-alcoholic fatty liver had DNA-P in their sera in the acute phase of the illness. All HBsAg-positive samples with detectable DNA-P were strongly positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, but the samples from patients with NANB hepatitis and ALD and HBsAg-negative blood donors had no HBV DNA. Sensitivity to actinomycin D showed the heterogeneity of DNA-Ps in HBsAg-negative blood donors; the enzyme activity of one type was inhibited by 100 micrograms/ml of actinomycin D, whereas the other was not. The preference for exogenous template primers of these DNA-Ps was different to those of HBV and human retroviruses. The results reveal the prevalence of serum DNA-P in NANB hepatitis patients and suggest that two distinct agents are relevant to the aetiology of NANB hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence and heterogeneity of serum DNA polymerase activity in patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis and HBsAg-negative blood donors with elevated SGPT. 212 73

A 5 bp insertion was introduced into the BstEII site at nucleotide 2815 in DNA of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and a mutant HBV genome was produced, which coded for envelope and core proteins, but not for DNA polymerase, due to a frameshift. Cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2) were simultaneously transfected with a plasmid harbouring a tandem dimer of the mutant HBV DNA and another plasmid harbouring a tandem dimer of DNA of woodchuck hepatitis virus or duck hepatitis B virus. The replication of mutant HBV DNA, incapable of encoding DNA polymerase, was accomplished by cotransfecting woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA, but not by duck hepatitis B virus DNA. These results indicated a trans-complementation of the C and P genes in mammalian hepadnaviruses beyond a species barrier.
 ...
PMID:Trans-complementation of the C gene of human and the P gene of woodchuck hepadnaviruses. 215 4

A viricide capable of eliminating hepatitis B virus (HBV) from chronic carriers should, theoretically, decrease the risk of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Extracts of Phyllanthus amarus have been shown to inhibit the DNA polymerase of HBV and woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) in vitro. Three of four recently infected WHV carriers treated i.p. with P. amarus extract lost WHV, animals infected for greater than or equal to 3 months showed a decrease in virus levels. Preliminary results in human carriers treated orally with P. amarus for 1 month indicated that approximately 60% of the carriers lost HBV during the observation period.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis B virus and primary hepatocellular carcinoma: treatment of HBV carriers with Phyllanthus amarus. 215 92

Seventeen patients with chronic active type B hepatitis were treated with prednisone for 4 weeks. All were initially hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and 14 were DNA-polymerase-positive as well. In the follow-up period of 1 year, 10 patients became persistently negative for DNA polymerase and 11 cleared HBeAg from serum, while among 17 matched untreated controls only one lost DNA polymerase and HBeAg. However, 1 patient who was initially DNA-polymerase-negative and who lost HBeAg after treatment reactivated to HBeAg after 4 months and DNA polymerase appeared in his serum. He suffered prolonged exacerbation of liver disease after treatment and died of liver failure. Short-term corticosteroid therapy may be of value in patients with chronic active type B hepatitis, however, in some cases such treatment may be disastrous.
 ...
PMID:Short-term corticosteroid therapy for chronic active hepatitis B. 229 53

Because the risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and hepatitis B (HBV) are similar and therefore coinfection is not uncommon, a detailed histological and immunohistochemical study of chronic hepatitis B infection in a group of 20 HIV positive Caucasian males (who did not have AIDS) and 30 HIV negative controls were undertaken. Using both the conventional histological classification and the Knodell histological activity index it was shown that HIV negative patients were more likely to have active disease and also more scarring than HIV positive patients. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) expression was not significantly different between the two groups but expression of hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) and HBV-DNA polymerase was greater in those who were HIV positive. HIV positive patients are therefore more likely to have immunohistochemical markers of active viral replication, although histologically, liver disease is less severe. These findings have important implications for assessing the biopsy specimens in this group of patients and for treatment strategies aimed at improving their immune function.
 ...
PMID:Histological and immunohistochemical study of hepatitis B virus in human immunodeficiency virus infection. 233 17

The treatment of woodchuck hepatitis virus infections with 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (FIAC) and 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-methyluracil (FMAU), given intraperitoneally, caused complete and permanent decrease of serum virus endogenous DNA polymerase and viral DNA in all treated woodchucks but was associated with severe toxicity. By contrast 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-ethyluracil (FEAU) induced a sustained, although less dramatic, decrease of viral replication without apparent toxic effect. FEAU was also effective when given orally. However, in both cases this inhibitory effect was transient.
 ...
PMID:Inhibitory effects of 2'-fluorinated arabinosyl-pyrimidine nucleosides on woodchuck hepatitis virus replication in chronically infected woodchucks. 233 60


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>