Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In our series of 110 patients, 22 developed a total of 32 gastrointestinal complications after renal transplantation, leading to a fatal issue in 9 (41%). Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is to be regarded as the principal complication which, particularly in combination with liver failure due to Australia antigen positive hepatitis, led to death. Other complications were pancreatitis, diffuse oesophagitis, ileus, fistulae with abscesses, and malignancy. The radiological findings, pathogenesis and therapeutic results are discussed.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal complications after renal transplantation. 34 Dec 16

Forty-two cases with Wilms' tumor encountered in the National Taiwan University Hospital from 1978 through 1989 were retrospectively reviewed. Included were 19 boys and 23 girls, with an age range at diagnosis from 7 days to 10 years; a majority were in the first 6 years of life. The presenting symptoms and signs included: abdominal mass (89.2%), hypertension (57.9%), hematuria (28.2%), gastrointestinal symptoms (26.3%), fever (24.3%), and body weight loss (21.6%). The initial laterality of tumor was 28 right and 14 left, with one contralateral and one ipsilateral relapse. One extrarenal Wilms' tumor (right inguinal lymph nodes) was encountered. Every case was confirmed by pathology. Histologic findings included typical Wilms' tumor (35/42), rhabdoid (3/42), anaplastic (3/42), and clear cell (1/42) types. The common sites of metastasis were lung, liver and bone. Major complications during or following therapy were severe pancytopenia, ileus, sepsis or pneumonia, delayed wound healing and tumor rupture with hemorrhage. Rare complications included irradiation hepatitis (venooclusive disease) and colitis. There were 20 deaths. The causes of death were respiratory or hepatic failure due to tumor metastasis, sepsis and internal hemorrhage. Mortality (19/20) usually occurred within two years after diagnosis and therapy. The two-year's relapse-free survival and two-year's survival rates were 51.2% and 53.7%, respectively.
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PMID:Clinical observation of Wilms' tumor. 217 35

A multicenter prospective randomized trial of four versus six weeks of amphotericin B, 0.3 mg/kg per day, plus flucytosine, 150 mg/kg per day, was performed with 194 patients with cryptococcal meningitis. One or more toxic drug reactions developed in 103 patients: azotemia (51), renal tubular acidosis (two), leukopenia (30), thrombocytopenia (22), diarrhea (26), nausea/vomiting (10), and hepatitis (13). The four- and six-week regimens were complicated by toxicity in 44 percent and 43 percent of cases, respectively. Toxicity appeared during the first two weeks of therapy in 56 percent and during the first four weeks in 87 percent. Azotemia did not occur more frequently in renal transplant recipients or diabetic patients. Cytopenias did not appear more often in patients with hematologic malignancies or those receiving immunosuppressive therapies. Toxic reactions that contributed to death developed in five patients (two with azotemia, one with pancytopenia, one with hepatitis, one with ileus). Amphotericin B-induced azotemia was not a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of bone marrow, gastrointestinal, or hepatic toxicity attributable to flucytosine. Flucytosine toxicity was associated with peak serum flucytosine levels of 100 micrograms/ml or more during two or more weeks of therapy (p = 0.005). Peak 5-fluorouracil levels were not predictive of toxicity. An initial dose of flucytosine is recommended based on the creatinine clearance: 150 mg/kg per day at a creatinine clearance above 50 ml/minute, 75 mg/kg per day at a creatinine clearance of 26 to 50 ml/minute, and 37 mg/kg per day at a creatinine clearance of 13 to 25 ml/minute. The serum creatinine level should be monitored twice weekly and the creatinine clearance weekly during therapy in order to anticipate changes in serum flucytosine concentration. In addition, it is recommended that the serum flucytosine level be determined two hours after an oral dose once a week, and that the dose be adjusted to maintain a level of 50 to 100 micrograms/ml.
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PMID:Toxicity of amphotericin B plus flucytosine in 194 patients with cryptococcal meningitis. 330 26

Cervical carcinoma is usually treated by extensive total hysterectomy such as Okabayashi's procedure. However, since the introduction of the criteria for classification of stage Ia lesions in 1978 by the Registration Committee for Cervical Carcinoma of the Japan Association of Obstetrics and Gynecology, surgical procedures have been categorized in greater detail, and reduced operations have begun to be performed. Generally, simple hysterectomy is performed for stage 0 cervical carcinoma, and semi-extensive hysterectomy is indicated for stage Ia lesions. In this study, reduced operations were evaluated in 254 patients with stage 0 and 288 with stage Ia cervical carcinoma selected from 1,412 patients with cervical carcinoma treated at our department between 1976 and 1985. The time required for the operation was 90.8 +/- 34.8 min for simple, 126.7 +/- 36.5 min for semi-extensive, and 173.5 +/- 42.5 min for extensive hysterectomy. The volume of bleeding was 274.5 +/- 257.7 ml for simple, 545.4 +/- 758.2 ml for semi-extensive, and 805.7 +/- 441.6 ml for extensive hysterectomy. The frequency of blood transfusion increased with the increase in the extent of surgery, being 9.0, 22.9, and 61.8% for the respective operations. The incidence of postoperative complications (cystoplegia, renal disorders, fistula of the urinary tract, ileus and hepatitis) also increased to 12.4% for semi-extensive and 44.8% for extensive hysterectomy. Simple hysterectomy was sufficient for stage 0 lesions, and side effects associated with this operation were infrequent and mild. Curative conization was performed for 14 patients who expressed a desire to have babies, and no recurrence has been observed to date. Semi-extensive hysterectomy was performed in 77% of stage Ia patients, and extensive and simple operations were performed in 8.0% and 10.4%, respectively. Close histological evaluation and postoperative care were carried out, particularly for patients who underwent simple hysterectomy. All these patients are currently alive without signs of recurrence. Two patients received only curative conization due to their strong desire to have babies and are currently being followed up. Both of these patients showed small degrees of interstitial invasion of less than 2mm.
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PMID:[Reduced operation for cervical carcinoma and its evaluation]. 338 33

The incidence, nature, and radiographic features of gastrointestinal complications encountered in a group of 567 consecutive spinal-cord-injury patients are reported. Eighty-seven episodes of gastrointestinal complications developed in 63 (11%) patients. During the first month postinjury, these complications consisted of ileus, gastric dilatation, the body cast syndrome, peptic ulcer disease, and pancreatitis. More chronically these patients presented with fecal impactions, peptic ulcer disease, the superior mesenteric artery syndrome, hepatitis, amyloidosis, and the precocious appearance of diverticulosis, hiatus hernia, and gastroesophageal reflux. Radiographic findings were diagnostic in the majority of cases and aided in the early diagnosis of these potentially life-threatening complications.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal complications of spinal cord injury. 733 76

A 13-year-old boy sustained an acetabular fracture which was complicated by entrapment of the small bowel. Five days after injury, the incarcerated bowel was freed from the fracture site, and primarily reanastamosed after excision of a 5-cm segment. The postoperative course was complicated by a prolonged fever of unknown origin which finally was attributed to hepatitis. Ten months after injury, the patient was ambulating with the aid of a cane. Only 5 comparable cases of mechanical entrapment of small bowel in pelvic fractures were found in the literature. In all 5, the diagnosis was difficult, and in 2, the patients died from this complication of pelvic fracture. The possibility of bowel entrapment should be considered in all instances of prolonged ileus associated with pelvic fracture.
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PMID:Bowel entrapment by pelvic fracture fragments: a case report and review of the literature. 737 Dec 87

Experience in surgical treatment of 53 patients with internal biliodigestive fistulas is analysed. The formation of the fistula in all cases was caused by cholelithiasis with obstruction of the bile ducts, purulent cholangitis, angiocholitis, cholangiolytic abscesses of the liver, pancreatitis, hepatitis, as well as cholelithic ileus. Cholecystectomy, removal of the stones from the bile ducts, restoration of the main route of bile drainage, elimination of the pathological communication, and closure of the defect in a hollow organ should be considered the operation of choice. In cholelithic ileus operation for correction of the intestinal obstruction is also expedient. Postoperative complications were encountered in 35.8% of cases. Hepatorenal insufficiency developed in 8, incompetence of the choledochus sutures in 3, an external biliary fistula in 2, hepatic abscess in 1, pancreatitis in 2, and suppuration of the postoperative wound in 3 patients. Among the 53 patients treated by operation, 49 (92.5%) recovered and 4 (7.5%) died from various postoperative complications.
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PMID:[Internal biliodigestive fistulas]. 829 90

We report the outcome of a 30-month programme to rederive 310 specific pathogen-free mouse strains to populate a new individually ventilated cage barrier facility at the Mary Lyon Centre (MLC), Medical Research Council (MRC) Harwell. The mice were rederived in a self-contained quarantine suite and embryo-recipient females were health-screened to assess microbiological status, before moving their offspring into the new facility. The MLC currently houses approximately 49,000 mice in about 9750 cages and we have 30 months of follow-up health screen data. Embryo rederivation and hysterectomy have high safety margins; however, the precaution of performing the programme in isolators facilitated the containment and decontamination of two mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infection outbreaks. Rederivation of the colony has eliminated endemic MHV, mouse adenovirus type 2 (MAV-2), Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, pinworms, intestinal protozoa, Pasteurella pneumotropica, Helicobacter spp. and mites. The improvements in microbiological status have had notable benefits for mouse health and welfare and the science at MRC Harwell. Previously important clinical entities such as sudden death associated with lactation ileus in C3H/HeH mice, early weight loss associated with inflammatory bowel disease in B6-TgN(HDexon1)61Gpb and B6TgN-(HD82Gln)81Dbo (Huntington) mice and early weight loss in male mice mutagenized with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea have been markedly reduced or eliminated.
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PMID:Upgrading mouse health and welfare: direct benefits of a large-scale rederivation programme. 1843 71

Reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus is one infectious complication associated with the extensive immunosuppression necessary for hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Most cases are limited to skin and mortality is low. Isolated visceral zoster is rare, presenting with ileus/abdominal pain, hepatitis, and/or hyponatremia. We present 2 cases of visceral varicella zoster virus in adolescents with chronic graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Both presented with elevated liver enzymes, severe abdominal pain, and hyponatremia but lacked cutaneous involvement. Both received high-dose acyclovir and showed improvement, but eventually expired from hepatic failure. The diagnosis of visceral zoster can be difficult especially without cutaneous manifestations. Vigilance is necessary in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease, abdominal pain, and/or hepatitis and antiviral therapy should be initiated promptly.
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PMID:Visceral varicella zoster virus (VZV) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in pediatric patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). 1913 84

Clozapine is, and will remain in the coming years, an irreplaceable drug in psychiatry which has elective indication in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, suicide risk in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, aggressiveness or violence in psychiatric patients, psychosis in Parkinson's disease, prevention and treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Unfortunately, the drug is largely underused for many and serious side effects. Only a good knowledge of these side effects and of the main strategies to prevent their occurrence or minimize their impact can allow overcoming the underutilization of this valuable therapy. The article describes the clinical and epidemiological features of the non-motor side effects of clozapine including blood dyscrasias, constipation, diabetes, enuresis, fever, hepatitis, hypersalivation, ileus, myocarditis, nephritis, priapism, seizures, serositis, weight gain and metabolic syndrome. The paper suggests several strategies, supported by scientific evidence, in the management of these side effects. The neuropsychiatric side effects of clozapine are not discussed in this review.
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PMID:Clozapine safety, 40 years later. 2480 63


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