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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1, an immunoglobulin supergene family member, is known to account for important steps in cell activation and the immune response. By a non-isotopic slot-dot immunoblotting assay, we measured circulating levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in 26 patients with hepatitis C virus-associated chronic active liver disease before and after beta-interferon therapy, in 6 patients with non-A, non-B acute self-limiting hepatitis and in 13 healthy subjects. Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was found in 10 of 13 (77%) normal controls at low concentrations which were not statistically different from those measured in patients with hepatitis C virus-associated chronic active liver disease responsive to beta-interferon, whereas significantly higher levels were found in unresponsive patients. Higher serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels were found in 4 of 10 (40%) beta-interferon-responsive patients compared with 13 of 16 (18%) unresponsive patients. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels persisted after discontinuation of beta-interferon treatment and did not correlate with hepatocytolysis (as indicated by alanine aminotransferase serum activity) either in chronic active liver disease or acute hepatitis. However, a good correlation was found between intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and its expression on liver cells, thus emphasizing that induced circulating levels may reflect the state of activation at the sites of the inflammatory process. These data strongly support the view that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 plays an important role in liver cell damage in hepatitis C virus-associated acute and chronic liver disease, and that its circulating levels may be a good prognostic parameter of responsiveness to beta-interferon therapy.
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PMID:Circulating levels and liver tissue distribution of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 during beta-interferon therapy of hepatitis C virus-associated chronic active liver disease. 135 8

To evaluate cost-effectiveness and response predictors of treatment with recombinant interferon alpha-2a in chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis, 263 consecutive patients were enrolled in a multicenter long-term study. A pre-planned analysis aimed at identifying predictors of early response was carried out when all patients had completed the initial 3 months of treatment with 6 MU thrice weekly. Sixty-three percent of the patients enrolled were classified as responders. At multivariate logistic regression analysis, baseline gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase levels and cirrhosis were the only independent variables significantly associated with response. The risk of no response after 3 months of treatment was 3.9 times higher (95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 7.2) in patients with high baseline levels of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase as compared with patients showing low baseline levels, and it was 2.0 times higher (1.1 to 3.8) in patients with cirrhosis as compared with those without it. We expect that results from this and other studies on large patient populations may help to select those patients who are more likely to benefit from interferon administration.
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PMID:Factors predicting early response to treatment with recombinant interferon alpha-2a in chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. Preliminary report of a long-term trial. 136 57

Less than a decade ago, the use of continuous mammalian cell lines for the production of cloned proteins was considered strictly a research tool. At that time, few thought it possible to allay the many safety concerns associated with transformed cells. It soon became clear that mammalian expression systems had numerous advantages over bacteria for production of therapeutic proteins, initiating a multidisciplinary effort to address these concerns in a thorough and reliable manner. The success of these efforts is exemplified by the emergence of product molecules into the market. Today, there are seven recombinant human therapeutics that have received FDA approval. Almost half of them (OKT3, t-PA, and EPO) are produced in mammalian cells, with the remainder produced in bacteria (insulin, growth hormone, and alpha-interferon) or yeast (hepatitis vaccine). At least a dozen more recombinant cell culture products are in advanced human clinical trials. With the accumulation of data and experience, continuous mammalian cell lines will no doubt be the preferred hosts for many future products of biotechnology.
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PMID:Downstream processing of proteins from mammalian cells. 136 66

The Adames strain of a bunyavirus, Punta Toro virus (PTV), is an hepatotrophic virus that has been described to produce an age-dependent lethal hepatic necrosis in 3-4 week old C57BL/6 mice, but 8 week old mice survive with minimal necrosis. The course of PTV infection in vitro in macrophages derived from these mice served as a model to study the pathogenesis of phlebovirus infection. Peripheral blood monocytes, resident or elicited peritoneal macrophages, and Kupffer cell liver macrophages, as well as hepatocytes, were able to support replication of PTV in vitro to a variable extent. Kupffer cells were the only population of macrophages, however, that expressed an age-related ability to affect viral infection and replication in vitro, suggesting that liver macrophages may have a unique modulatory effect on the occurrence and severity of PTV-induced hepatitis in mice. Whereas PTV showed minimal replication in resident peritoneal macrophages, the virus could replicate effectively in peritoneal macrophages elicited by thioglycolate. Activation of peritoneal macrophages with endotoxin resulted in a significant inhibition of intrinsic PTV replication (p less than 0.001), and a modest extrinsic inhibitory effect on PTV replication in cocultured hepatocytes. Both effects persisted in the presence of anti-interferon. These results indicate that the source and state of activation of macrophage/monocyte populations can influence the course of infection in vitro by the phlebovirus, Punta Toro, and can modulate infection in cocultured target cells.
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PMID:Effect of macrophage source and activation on susceptibility in an age-dependent model of murine hepatitis caused by a phlebovirus, Punta Toro. 137 Mar 68

We developed a nonradioisotopic assay for detection of hepatitis delta virus RNA in serum by combining reverse transcription of RNA, polymerase chain reaction of the resultant complementary DNA and enzyme linked immunoassay detection of the polymerase chain reaction products using a monoclonal antibody specific for double-stranded DNA. This DNA enzyme immunoassay had a limit of detection of cloned hepatitis delta virus RNA similar to that of standard PCR followed by Southern-blot hybridization (approximately 10 copies/sample) and was 10(3) to 10(4) times more sensitive than direct dot-blot hybridization (approximately 10(5) copies/sample). Serial serum samples from six patients with chronic hepatitis delta virus infection undergoing interferon therapy were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction followed by both standard hybridization and DNA enzyme immunoassay. The results of both methods were comparable, revealing disappearance of hepatitis delta virus RNA after 3 to 6 mo of therapy in three patients, two of whom had also a significant decrease in ALT activity. The DNA enzyme immunoassay test is therefore a potentially useful method for therapeutic monitoring in chronic hepatitis delta virus infection and may contribute to a wider application of polymerase chain reaction in clinical laboratories.
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PMID:Evaluation of hepatitis delta virus RNA levels during interferon therapy by analysis of polymerase chain reaction products with a nonradioisotopic hybridization assay. 137 82

The interferon treatment of chronic viral hepatitis leads to a measurable inhibition of replication of the various hepatitis viruses. In adult patients with chronic HBe-Ag-positive hepatitis B, the seroconversion rate is tripled by therapy when compared with untreated controls. In chronic hepatitis C, biochemical remission is achieved in about 50% of patients, but there is a high tendency to relapse. Interferon treatment has little effect in hepatitis B virus infection transmitted perinatally and in chronic delta hepatitis. Better knowledge of prognostic variables and deeper insights into the mechanisms of chronic hepatitis C virus infection should help both to increase rates and duration of remissions and to reduce the rates of relapse in the future.
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PMID:[Interferon treatment of chronic viral hepatitis]. 137 40

Duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) shows clear age-dependent infectious patterns like that of Hepatitis B virus, and many factors have been assumed to have a role in the persistence of the infection. In the present study, the activities of the interferon-induced enzyme 2',5' oligoadenylate synthetase (2,5AS) were observed sequentially in the serum of ducks experimentally infected with DHBV on posthatch days 1, 7 and 14. These were compared with the infectious pattern to investigate whether the endogenous interferon response after infection in ducks of different ages has a major role in its determination. The infectious pattern of DHBV in 1-day-old ducks was persistent without hepatitis and the others were transient with hepatitis. Persistently infected ducks showed significantly lower activities of 2,5AS compared with those with transient hepatitis, which resulted in a rapid elimination of DHBV. Although 1-day-old ducks showed significantly high 2,5AS compared with non-infected ducks, interferon response alone appeared to be insufficient for the elimination of DHBV. The immune response seemed necessary for the complete elimination of DHBV by way of evoking hepatitis and stimulating more interferon response during the usual infectious course. The interferon system alone did not seem to have a critical role in determining the infectious pattern. Other factors, including the immune response to the virus, seemed to have a major role in this problem.
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PMID:The sequential change of serum 2',5' oligoadenylate synthetase in different infectious patterns of duck hepatitis B virus in ducks in experimental transmission. 137 31

The paper deals with the pathogenesis, therapy, prophylaxis and prognosis of three chronic viral hepatitides type B, C and Delta. The immunologic and virological processes that play a role in the development of chronicity or progression, furthermore, factors influencing the therapeutic responses are discussed in details. Until now various antiviral and immunomodulatory agents were administered in chronic type B hepatitis, recently the most promising results were reported using recombinant interferons. The importance of the prevention, with special regard to the vaccination with HBsAg-vaccine is briefly summarized. The treatment and prophylaxis of chronic type C hepatitis is not resolved yet, interferon may be effective only a part of cases. The therapy of Delta virus related chronic hepatitis means a major problem as well.
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PMID:[Pathogenesis, therapy, prevention and prognosis in chronic viral hepatitis]. 137 84

Since a decreased interferon response has been linked with certain chronic viral infections, a preliminary study was undertaken to determine whether an altered interferon response may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis, a complication of type B hepatitis. The production of interferon by lymphocytes from patients with chronic hepatitis was compared with the production by lymphocytes from normal subjects. The amount of interferon produced by paramyxovirus-stimulated lymphocytes from 16 patients was substantially smaller than that produced by lymphocytes from 12 healthy donors. The results indicate that decreased production of interferon may be responsible for the chronicity of the disease. However, further studies are necessary to establish causality.
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PMID:Decreased interferon response by lymphocytes from children with chronic hepatitis. 137 85

Chronic hepatitis is an etiologically diverse syndrome. The approach to treatment depends on the cause of the disease. The efficacy of immunosuppressive treatment of chronic autoimmune hepatitis has long been established, and most patients with this disease can be treated successfully with prednisone and azathioprine. Interferon therapy has revolutionized the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. Although the response in chronic hepatitis delta is disappointing, hepatitis C is often controlled, and certain patients with chronic hepatitis B may actually be cured of the disease. Future studies will seek to optimize the therapeutic effects of interferon in these viral diseases. Certainly, studies with other antiviral agents and biologic response modifiers are forthcoming. We have entered a new era in the treatment of chronic liver disease. It is reasonable to hope and expect that progress will continue and that most forms of chronic viral hepatitis will become curable within the next several years.
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PMID:Treatment of chronic hepatitis. 138 38


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