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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The experiments carried out demonstrate that under the influence of tetanus exotoxin, Gram-negative bacteria endotoxins, staphylococcal infection and infestation with Tr. spiralis, inhibition of the Pasteur effect occurs. Recently published data show that the same manifestation of pathogenicity is induced by diphtheria alpha and delta exotoxin, staphylococcal toxin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin, streptolysin O, infections with Cl. perfringens, Pasteurella and Rickettsia and hepatitis viruses in man. These data confirm a previous hypothesis according to which inhibition of the Pasteur effect represents the expression and metabolic measure of pathogenicity and toxicity. The inhibitory effect was proportional to the amount of pathogenic agent or toxin, just as the respective anatoxin or toxin + endotoxin mixture does not influence the Pasteur effect. The metabolic criteria of the Pasteur effect, i.e. inhibition of hyperlactacidaemia and decrease of the organic P/inorganic P ratio, are thus the direct indices of pathogenicity and toxigenicity. This also accounts for deep alteration of the Pasteur effect in infections generating states of infectious and endotoxinic shock.
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PMID:[Pathogenicity expressed by inhibition of the Pasteur effect]. 14 8

The author reports an anatomoclinical observation of eosinophilic granulomatous hepatitis due to toxocariasis. The problems of the histologic differential diagnosis are discussed. Human cases of parasitic infestation by Toxacara canis--larva migrans syndrome--are quite uncommon (1, 2). In the acute stage the hepatic lesion most often consists in eosinophilic granulomatous hepatitis. The chance finding of an eosinophilic granuloma in a puncture biopsy of the liver may rise problems as concerns the histological differential diagnosis, especially when there is no clinical evidence of a parasitosis and when no parasite is found in the biospy specimen.
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PMID:[Eosinophilic granulomatous hepatitis. Apropos of a case of toxocariasis]. 87 54

Experimental model of Opisthorchis felineus superinvasion was reproduced in 30 piglets aged 3 months. The pigs were infected by feeding them 100 g of sausage fish with the mean invasion intensity of 0.8-1 metacercaria per g of muscle tissue. A repeated infestation with a similar dose was carried out in a month. The invasion developed in 14 of the 30 animals. Histologic examinations of the liver, carried out in 2.5 months after the first infestation, have revealed diffuse persistent hepatitis in 9 animals and aggressive hepatitis in 4. Proliferative changes in the epithelium of the intrahepatic gall ducts with polyposis and diffuse focal infiltration of the wall mucosa with plasma and lymphoid cells, fibroblasts and eosinophils were found, characteristic of human opisthorchiasis. Pigs may be used as a model for experimental opisthorchiasis in research.
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PMID:[Pathomorphological changes in the liver in experimental superinvasive opisthorchiasis]. 129 68

Forty eight needle biopsies of the liver, from children registered in the histopathological laboratory of Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) were reviewed. Liver disease diagnosis was based on histopathological criteria without recourse to either clinical, biochemical or microbiological data. Hepatic Schistosomiasis (37.5%) and liver cirrhosis (25%) were the most frequently diagnosed lesions. There were only two cases of biliary cirrhosis secondary to biliary atrisia. Parasitic infestation of the liver was the most common cause of childhood hepatic dysfunction. Our results confirm the observations of workers in other tropical and subtropical regions, where infection is the commonest cause of childhood liver disease. This is in sharp contrast to the findings from European countries where neonatal hepatitis or biliary atresia are the most commonly diagnosed disorders. This retrospective study provides a good starting point for a prospective study, to determine the incidence and severity of childhood liver disease in Nigeria. This is a retrospective histopathological study aimed at establishing the pattern of liver disease in the paediatric age group in Jos. The indication for liver biopsy in all the cases was hepatosplenomegaly with or without biochemical abnormality.
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PMID:Childhood liver diseases in Jos, Nigeria: a retrospective histopathological study. 179 32

Ultrasonography has a primary role in the imaging of biliary disease. Most cases are straightforward, but the authors emphasize unusual manifestations, uncommon diseases, and artifacts that may present diagnostic challenges. Issues in differential diagnosis are discussed for the following findings: internal gallbladder echoes (calculi vs tumefactive sludge, air, hematobilia, parasitic infestation, cholecystosis, neoplasia, and artifacts), gallbladder wall thickening (acute cholecystitis vs acalculous cholecystitis, artifacts, ascites, hypoalbuminemia, hepatitis, and sclerosing cholangitis), pericholecystic fluid (cholecystitis vs ascites, perforated ulcer, and trauma), bile duct dilatation (biliary obstruction vs sclerosing cholangitis, biliary air, anomalous portal system, biliary atresia, Caroli disease, and cholangiocarcinoma), perinatal and neonatal biliary disease, and sclerosing cholangitis.
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PMID:Pitfalls and differential diagnosis in biliary sonography. 218 99

Many viruses, bacteria or parasites can survive in stored blood for varying lengths of time. Recipients are therefore exposed to a risk which depends on the prevalence of pathogens in blood donor populations, the clinical and laboratory controls performed in blood transfusion centres and the efficiency of the patient's immune system. Beside the HIV and hepatitis viruses, transfusions may transmit the HTL virus in endemic areas or if the blood donor comes from one of these areas (e.g. the French West Indies), the CMV virus (but only in patients with weak immune defences) and some exotic viruses in specific regions. As regards bacterial agents, syphilis is prevented by blood storage at 4 degrees C for 72 hours and brucellosis remains a minor risk, but the very rare endotoxinic shock is severe and lethal in two-thirds of the cases. Infestation by parasites is common in certain areas, but it may occur in France after transfusion from blood donors coming from these areas; malaria transmitted by blood perfusion is a real problem. Drastic procedures of rejection of blood donors at risk, including examination and laboratory screening, must be applied and are effective in preventing these dangers. These procedures are well-known and are compulsory in France.
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PMID:[Transfusion and transmission of infectious and parasitic diseases excluding AIDS and viral hepatitis]. 255 83

When larvae of C. sinensis reach the biliary system and mature, the flukes provoke pathological changes, both as a result of local trauma and of toxic irritation. The appearances vary with duration and severity of the infestation, but they are sufficiently distinctive and characteristic to allow a classification into four phases as follows; 1st phase, desquamation of epithelial cells, 2nd phase, hyperplasia and desquamation of epithelial cells, 3rd phase, hyperplasia and desquamation of epithelial cells, and adenomatous tissue formation, and 4th phase, marked proliferation of the periductal connective tissue with scattered abortive acini of epithelial cells and fibrosis of the wall of the bile duct. The onset of symptoms and signs is at times gradual, at times sudden. Chill and fever up to 40 degrees C occur during the acute stage, i.e. the period less than a month after parasite invasion. And a few weeks later, the chronic stage follows with the classical clinical features. In general, symptoms and signs can be classified as follows: mild, essentially symptomless, progressive, with irregular appetite, gastrointestinal disturbances, oedema, hepatomegaly, etc., and severe, with a syndrome associated with portal cirrhosis and hypertension. Pathogenic changes and complications are generally restricted to foci, but may eventually affect the whole liver. Calculi, acute suppurative cholangitis, recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, cholecystitis, hepatitis, and acute pancreatitis are important complications. Carcinoma of the liver is often found in association with clonorchiasis, too.
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PMID:Clonorchis sinensis: pathogenesis and clinical features of infection. 639 2

Caseous lymphadenitis was the most frequently encountered pathological condition in 3,720 feral goats examined during routine meat inspection procedures. Among 9 separate consignments of animals, the prevalence of infection averaged 7.4% (range 0.3% to 18.8%). The majority of lesions were seen in lymph nodes draining superficial body areas although many also occurred in internal nodes and organs. Corynebacterium ovis was isolated from 25 of 32 lesions submitted for bacteriological examination. Other conditions regularly encountered included pneumonia, cysticercosis, sarcosporidiosis and lice infestation, while myonecrosis, pleurisy, pericarditis, nephritis, hepatitis, cirrhosis and mite infestation were only occasionally found. A total of 171 serum samples were collected and tested against 17 antigens. Samples from 57.9% and 51.5% of goats showed positive serological reactions to the antigens for sarcosporidiosis and Q fever respectively.
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PMID:An abattoir survey of diseases of feral goats. 680 55

The syndrome of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the small bowel with hypogammaglobulinemia is one of the hypogammaglobulinemic enteropathies. Chronic diarrhea and malabsorption are the most characteristic features of this disease, and they are frequently associated to hypogammaglobulinemia of various types (acquired, congenital non sex-linked) and to selective IgA deficiency. The immunological deficiency gives rise to the more characteristic features of the disease, namely: a) hypogammaglobulinemia; b) respiratory infections and dental caries; c) Giardia lamblia infestation of the small bowel; d) the characteristic radiological features; and, e) the histological aspect of the intestinal mucosa with absence of plasma cells. Periodical follow-up is needed because of the increased incidence of tumors in immunological deficiency states. A new case of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia associated to hemolytic anemia and granulomatous hepatitis is reported, and its possible pathogenesis is discussed.
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PMID:[Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the small bowel with IgA deficiency and hemolytic anemia (author's transl)]. 742 63

Thailand is one of the few developing countries for which population-based cancer survival data are available. Using clinical follow-up information and reply-paid postal enquiries, 10,333 residents of Khon Kaen province registered with cancer in the period 1985-1992 were followed-up to the end of 1993. The sites of the most common cancers in the province were liver (5-year relative survival rate 9.2%), cervix (60.1%), lung (15.4%), breast (48.1%) and large bowel (41.9%). Results for Khon Kaen were compared with age-standardized survival data for the US and Scotland. Survival was consistently higher for US whites compared to Khon Kaen residents for those cancers whose prognosis is associated with early diagnosis (breast, cervix and large bowel) or the availability of intensive therapy (leukaemia and lymphoma). The main implication of these results for cancer control in Thailand is that the interventions of greatest potential benefit are those designed to promote early detection. More than one-third of all cancers in Thailand are liver tumours: primary prevention through control of hepatitis-B infection and liver fluke infestation is the only effective strategy for their control.
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PMID:Cancer survival in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. 772 37


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