Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 3 month-old infant vaccinated with BCG at birth presented with granulomatous hepatitis with BCG isolated in the liver. Splenomegaly, infiltrates in both pulmonary apices and hilar adenopathies were simultaneously present. No immune deficiency could be found. Complete recovery followed specific polychemotherapy. Parenchymal calcifications appeared in the liver, spleen, lungs and mesenteric ganglia.
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PMID:[Generalized BCG infection, with a favorable outcome, in a 3-month-old immunocompetent infant]. 354 34

The Centers for Disease Control conducted a case-control study to investigate an outbreak of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men. The occurrence of these diseases was found to be associated with certain aspects of lifestyle, including a greater number of male sex partners per year, exposure to feces during sex, history of syphilis and non-B hepatitis, treatment for enteric parasites, and use of various illicit substances. Laboratory studies reflected both this lifestyle and the probable underlying cause of the Kaposi's sarcoma and P. carinii pneumonia--cellular immune deficiency. Patients were found to have lymphopenia, specifically a deficiency of the T-helper subpopulation, resulting in a reversal of the T-helper to T-suppressor ratio. Levels of IgG and IgA were increased. When compared with controls, patients were also found to have significantly higher titers of antibody to Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, a higher prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus and Treponema pallidum, a lower prevalence of antibody to varicella zoster virus, and a higher frequency of isolation of cytomegalovirus.
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PMID:National case-control study of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men: Part 2. Laboratory results. 630 49

A 17-yr-old woman presented with acute hepatitis B. She had preexisting well-documented immune deficiency, clinically apparent as chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, and recurrent severe viral infections. Life-threatening but spontaneously resolving Coombs-negative hemolysis complicated the recovery phase. Complete healing of the hepatitis with disappearance of hepatitis B surface antigen from serum and normal hepatitis B surface antibody and hepatitis B core antibody production occurred in spite of T-cell dysfunction.
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PMID:Complete recovery from hepatitis B and associated hemolysis in a patient with underlying T-cell deficiency. 660 66

It has been established that in the acute period of viral hepatitis (VH) the level of chromosome aberrations is 4.4-fold and 6.6-fold that of the norm in VHA and VHB respectively, with the chromatid type aberrations predominating. Frequency of metaphases with chromosome aberrations in substantially higher in patients selected from those categories of individuals working at chemical enterprises and persons living in the zone of exposure to discharges from huge metallurgical works and coking plants. There is a correlation between the markedness of cytogenetic disturbances and degree of cellular immune deficiency. Use of antioxidants (tocopheroli acetas, parmidin, quercetin) in the complex of drug preparations contributes to the normalization of cytogenetic indices and reduction of frequency of protracted and chronic forms of hepatitis.
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PMID:[The antioxidant correction of cytogenetic disorders in viral hepatitis]. 748 54

A 48-year-old male patient was admitted with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (stage III, Centers for Disease Control 1993) and viremic hepatitis B. Blood CD4 count was 15/microliters. Discontinuation of prednisolone, previously prescribed by the patient's family practitioner because of elevated liver enzymes, resulted in severe hepatitis (alanine aminotransferase > 300U/l). Administration of interferon-alpha (9 x 10(6) U s.c. 3 x weekly) was initiated. Serum markers of viral replication disappeared, and aminotransferase levels returned to normal within a few weeks. The patient's serum was found negative for HBsAg after 3 months. Immunohistochemical analysis of liver biopsies before and during interferon therapy showed disappearance of all hepatitis B virus antigens and a marked reduction in inflammatory activity. Hepatitis B virus seroconversion remained stable until the patient died from the syndrome 2 years later. This case shows that in spite of severe HIV-associated immune deficiency with CD4 counts constantly below 100/microliters, interferon-alpha can lead to sustained serological and histological improvement of viremic hepatitis B. Previous administration and discontinuation of cortisone may have helped to reach this effect.
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PMID:Sustained elimination of hepatitis B virus from serum induced in a patient with chronic hepatitis B and advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. 771 10

Varicella zoster virus is known to cause varicella in children and to reactivate years later as shingles. Both the primary disease and the reactivation can cause complications, both in the form of serious affection of organs by the virus itself, and through secondary bacterial infections owing to temporary immune deficiency. Relatively frequent complications include secondary bacterial skin infections, pneumonitis, complications affecting the central nervous system, and hepatitis. We describe a few typical cases seen recently in our department, and review important points connected to treatment and prophylaxis.
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PMID:[Varicella zoster complications]. 794 Apr 50

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency typically causes severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in infants. We report metabolic, immunologic, and genetic findings in two ADA-deficient adults with distinct phenotypes. Patient no. 1 (39 years of age) had combined immunodeficiency. She had frequent infections, lymphopenia, and recurrent hepatitis as a child but did relatively well in her second and third decades. Then she developed chronic sinopulmonary infections, including tuberculosis, and hepatobiliary disease; she died of viral leukoencephalopathy at 40 years of age. Patient no. 2, a healthy 28-year-old man with normal immune function, was identified after his niece died of SCID. Both patients lacked erythrocyte ADA activity but had only modestly elevated deoxyadenosine nucleotides. Both were heteroallelic for missense mutations: patient no. 1, G216R and P126Q (novel); patient no. 2, R101Q and A215T. Three of these mutations eliminated ADA activity, but A215T reduced activity by only 85%. Owing to a single nucleotide change in the middle of exon 7, A215T also appeared to induce exon 7 skipping. ADA deficiency is treatable and should be considered in older patients with unexplained lymphopenia and immune deficiency, who may also manifest autoimmunity or unexplained hepatobiliary disease. Metabolic status and genotype may help in assessing prognosis of more mildly affected patients.
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PMID:Adenosine deaminase deficiency in adults. 910 4

Although fibrin glue has been widely used as a surgical adhesive, its components, fibrinogen and thrombin, obtained from human blood are not completely free from the risk of virus infection due to acquired immune deficiency and hepatitis. Recently, we have reported that a polymer pair composed of gelatin and poly(L-glutamic acid) (PLGA) promptly forms a gel and can firmly bond to soft tissues when crosslinked with the aid of water-soluble carbodiimide (WSC). The present study was undertaken to design a new PLGA-gelatin glue without using WSC. Two kinds of PLGA with molecular weights of 71 and 22 kDa were employed to prepare N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) activated derivatives. The NHS-activated PLGA could be synthesized at high yields and was found to be stable for an extended time without losing the ability to crosslink with gelatin when stored under a dry-cold condition. This NHS-activated PLGA could spontaneously form a gel with gelatin in an aqueous solution within a short time, comparable to a commercial fibrin glue, when gelation was allowed to proceed at pH 8.3. The NHS-activated PLGA prepared from PLGA with the molecular weight of 22 kDa could be readily dissolved at high concentrations and its ability to form a gel was maintained for more than 10 min when an acidic 8% NHS-activated PLGA solution was used. The bonding strength of PLGA gelatin glues with natural tissue was higher than that of fibrin glue. These findings strongly suggest that this combination of gelatin and NHS-PLGA is very promising as a surgical adhesive and may possibly replace fibrin glues prepared from human blood components.
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PMID:A novel surgical glue composed of gelatin and N-hydroxysuccinimide activated poly(L-glutamic acid): Part 1. Synthesis of activated poly(L-glutamic acid) and its gelation with gelatin. 985 88

A previously healthy 10-year-old Greek boy born to nonconsanguineous healthy parents developed progressive liver disease after acute infectious mononucleosis. EBV-induced autoimmune hepatitis was suspected and treatment was started with high-dose prednisolone, acyclovir and intravenous immunoglobulins. Despite therapy, his liver function continuously deteriorated and the child died 9 months later in profound immune deficiency from candida septicemia. Flow cytometric analysis of his lymphocytes revealed a major subpopulation of atypical cells (20.3%) which were CD3+, fitted into the lymphocyte gate but showed a very low level of CD4 expression, comparable to that of monocytes. After short-time cell culture, the cells became adherent and developed granules and dendrites. We conclude that these cells may represent strongly activated CD4+ T lymphocytes with downregulated CD4 expression or a subtype of dendritic cells.
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PMID:Atypical CD3+ CD4(low) cell population in a boy with fatal EBV-infection. 992 66

A 46-year-old woman with common variable immune deficiency acquired acute non-A, non-B hepatitis from contaminated intravenous gamma globulin in 1983. For 6 years she had fluctuating elevations of her serum aminotransferase levels. In 1990 her serum was documented to be hepatitis C virusribonucleic acid positive by polymerase chain reaction, and her liver biopsy revealed chronic hepatitis with early cirrhosis (Knodell score, 15 points). Hepatitis C virus genotyping indicated that she had been infected with the type 3 genotype. She subsequently underwent treatment with interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) for 1 year and experienced biochemical, virologic, and histologic (Knodell score, 9) suppression. She was continued on maintenance therapy for an additional 7 years, with sustained biochemical and virologic suppression. During the sixth year of therapy, complications of portal hypertension were noted with mild ascites and eventually bleeding esophageal varices. This case report documents a favorable biochemical, virologic, and histologic response to IFN-alpha therapy in this setting; supports the notion that the natural progression of hepatitis C virus infection may be more aggressive in patients with common variable immune deficiency; and, although complications of portal hypertension eventually occurred, the suppressive maintenance IFN therapy may have delayed their onset. The future establishment of the long-term effects of IFN therapy on important clinical outcomes is necessary to understand better its therapeutic benefit in chronic hepatitis C infection.
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PMID:Long-term interferon alpha maintenance therapy for chronic hepatitis C infection in a patient with common variable immune deficiency. 1047 89


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