Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The gamma-GT/ASAT (aspartate aminotransferase) and gamma-GT/ALAT (alanine aminotransferase) ratios were examined in 6 children with neonatal hepatitis (NH), 14 children with extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA), and 8 children with intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC) (of which 3 with the Aagenaes syndrome). A ratio above 1 is suggestive of EHBA. Both ratios differentiate very well between NH and EHBA, but there is considerable overlap in the enzyme ratios between the EHBA and the IHC groups. Gamma-GT/transaminase ratios may prove to be a useful indicator in the diagnostic work-up of children with liver and biliary tract disease, allowing for early surgery in patients with EHBA, and with a low risk of subjecting NH patients to unnecessary surgery. In our cases the gamma-GT/ALAT ratio separated better between EHBA and IHC than the gamma-GT/ASAT ratio. Furthermore, the case histories made EHBA seem unlikely in two out of three IHC patients with a gamma-GT/ALAT ratio above 1.
 ...
PMID:Liver enzyme ratios in neonatal liver disease. 652 89

The epidemiology of viral hepatitis and liver function were studied in a retrospective survey of 69 patients with moderate and severe hemophilia A and B, and with severe von Willebrand's disease. Forty-nine patients were on prophylactic self-therapy and 20 on episodic treatment by medical personnel. Serologic markers of viral hepatitis (HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, anti-HAV, and in some cases HBeAg and anti-HBe) and liver function tests (ASAT, ALAT, IgG) were followed for up to 12 years. There was a history of clinical hepatitis in 19%, and 96% showed some serologic evidence of exposure to hepatitis B virus. Only one patient was a HBsAg carrier. The prevalence of elevated ASAT and/or ALAT was 65% and the incidence 96%. In 68% of the patients there had been a transaminase elevation for more than 6 months. The clinical picture, serologic markers or liver function tests showed no significant difference between the types of hemophilia, amounts and modes of therapy, or age groups. The chronic hepatitis seen in our hemophiliacs seemed to be a slowly or non-progressive disease.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis, epidemiology and liver function in hemophiliacs in Sweden. 661 Feb 81

A retrospective questionnaire revealed 11 patients with halothane related liver disturbances in Finland in 1972-1981. Seven of the cases were regarded as obvious and two as probable halothane hepatitis (HH). Four patients suffered HH twice, and none of the cases had a fatal outcome. The speed of onset of icterus correlated with the number of halothane exposures, as did the increase in liver enzyme (ASAT, ALAT) activities and the increase in serum bilirubin concentration. Halothane anaesthesia is strictly contraindicated if a nondefinite icterus has appeared after a previous exposure to halothane. It should not be given if unclear fever or prolonged nausea have followed a previous exposure. No major adverse effects or organ toxicity connected with enflurane were found.
 ...
PMID:Liver damage after halothane anaesthesia: analysis of cases in Finnish hospitals in 1972-1981. 673 54

A 53 year old female nurse presenting with malaise, jaundice and pruritus is reported. Physical examination only disclosed jaundice and laboratory values showed an ALT of 445 U/l, ASAT of 179 U/l, alkaline phosphatases of 455 U/l and a total bilirubin of 7.7 mg/dl. Serological markers for hepatitis virus E were positive and negative for hepatitis virus A, B and C, cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus. The patient recovered fully in 10 weeks and is asymptomatic after 5 years of follow up. Health care workers probably have a higher risk for hepatitis E than the general population and this is the first acute sporadic case described in Chile.
 ...
PMID:[Acute sporadic hepatitis caused by the E virus in Chile. Clinical case]. 806 47

In contrast to the well known chlorpromazine-induced cholestatic hepatitis, we report the case of a schizophrenic patient who presents a cytolytic hepatitis, without any prior hepatic disease. Mr G. was first hospitalized for depressive symptomatology. A pseudo-nevrotic schizophrenia was diagnosed. Pretherapeutic clinical and biological data were normal. A treatment with chlorpromazine 400 mg/day was given. At day 8, the patient was still anxious and began to be agitated. An increase to 500 mg/day of chlorpromazine posology and an addition of haloperidol 200 mg/day was implemented. At day 10, the following clinical symptoms appeared: 38.6 degrees C fever; headache; myalgia; epigastralgia and hypocondrium pain. Biological hepatitis disturbances (ALAT, 984 U/L; ASAT, 414 U/L) and hypereosinophilia with normal white cell count were found. Clinical and biological investigations were normal. Blood-culture, A, B, C hepatitis, HIV and CMV serologies were negative. Neuroleptic treatment was discontinued. Evolution to normality of the disturbances and biological data suggested a cytolytic hepatitis. Mr G... remained treated with flupentixol without side-effects. Phenothiazine-induced cholestatis is frequent, mild, and recovers spontaneously. The biological mechanism is supposed to be immunologic. Prevalence of biological hepatic disturbances is 10 to 20% with chlorpromazine in long-term treatment. More often, symptomatology is the same; jaundice, pruritus, abdominal pain, fever. Although pharmacological data suggest for a cytotoxic activity of phenothiazines, cytolytic hepatitis is poorly described. Maximum range of transaminase blood level reported in previous studies is about 400 U/l. This level is not clearly correlated with hepatic cell lysis. Few cases of hepatic necrosis have been reported. In all cases, preexistent hepatic injuries were observed. Chlorpromazine-induced cytolytic hepatitis is uncommon and cholestatic hepatitis mild. Biological hepatic parameters investigations remain necessary during neuroleptic treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Cytolytic hepatitis during treatment with phenothiazines: apropos of a case]. 903 96

The reliability of serum aminotransferase (ASAT and ALAT) levels, currently used in deciding on performing liver biopsy and to assess interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C has been questioned. In Belgium, interferon therapy is actually only reimbursed for treatment of chronic hepatitis C when serum aminotransferase levels are more than twice the upper limit of normal. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between serum aminotransferase levels and histological severity of chronic hepatitis C. Sixty-seven liver biopsies from 51 different patients with chronic hepatitis C and presenting with elevated ASAT and/or ALAT levels, were retrospectively evaluated using the original terminology (minimal hepatitis, chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis), the Knodell score and the components of the Bianchi-Gudat score, where grading (portal inflammation, piecemeal necrosis, intra-acinar necrosis and inflammation) and staging components (fibrosis/ cirrhosis) are quantitated separately. The correlation between amino-transferase levels measured at or near to the biopsy date and histological criteria were evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation. About one third of the patients, including patients with chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis, presented with ASAT and ALAT levels less than twice the upper limit of normal. ASAT levels correlated with originally determined histological severity, the numerical Knodell score and the numerical scores for piecemeal necrosis, for intra-acinar necrosis and inflammation and for fibrosis in the Bianchi-Gudat score. ALAT levels correlated only with intra-acinar necrosis and inflammation. It is concluded that limiting interferon therapy to patients with aminotransferase levels over twice the upper limit of normal excludes a large proportion of patients from potentially curative treatment. ASAT levels are more useful than ALAT to assess the histological severity of the disease, probably because this mitochondrial enzyme is present in higher quantities in the liver as compared to the cytosolic ALAT, and is more released when tissue damage is more severe.
 ...
PMID:Serum aminotransferase levels and histological disease in chronic hepatitis C. 914 72

In a clinical setting of cardiac or circulatory failure, the diagnosis of hypoxic (ischaemic) hepatitis is easy and can be elicited on mere clinical and biochemical features. We report two cases of hypoxic hepatitis where cardiomyopathy remained unrecognized at admission due to the lack of conventional signs of congestive heart failure and where the increase in liver enzymes activities followed an atypical pattern, characterized by only moderate elevation of serum aminotransferases activities, low ASAT/ALAT ratio and elevated ALAT/LDH ratio. This atypical pattern not suggestive of hypoxic hepatitis, could be explained by a delay between the onset of hypoxic injury of the liver and admission to hospital. Moreover one case was complicated by frank jaundice, an unusual feature in hypoxic hepatitis. Consequently, diagnosis and appropriate inotropic treatment were delayed resulting in progressive deterioration and eventually death of both patients. The report of these two cases and the review of other similar cases previously published, enlighten some atypical features of hypoxic hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:Hypoxic hepatitis: a difficult diagnosis when the cardiomyopathy remains unrecognized and the course of liver enzymes follows an atypical pattern. A report of two cases. 979 78

A 66 year-old obese woman with arthrosis, self-medicated with oral nimesulide, 200 mg daily. After 6 weeks she developed nausea, jaundice and dark urine. Two weeks later she had recurrent hematemesis and was hospitalized. Besides obesity and anemia her physical examination was unremarkable. An upper GI endoscopy revealed 3 acute gastric ulcers and a 4th one in the pyloric channel. Abdominal ultrasonogram showed a slightly enlarged liver with diffuse reduction in ecogenicity; the gallbladder and biliary tract were normal. Blood tests demonstrated a conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (maximal total value: 18.4 mg/dl), ALAT 960 U/l, ASAT 850 U/l, GGT 420 U/l, alkaline phosphatases mildly elevated, pro-time 49% and albumin 2.7 mg/dl. Serum markers for hepatitis A, B and C viruses were negative. ANA, AMA, anti-SmA, were negative. Ceruloplasmin was normal. A liver biopsy showed bridging necrosis and other signs of acute toxic liver damage. Gastric ulcers healed after conventional treatment and hepatitis subsided after 2 months leaving no signs of chronic liver damage. The diagnosis of toxic hepatitis due to nimesulide was supported by the time-course of drug usage, sex, age, absence of other causes of liver disease, a compatible liver biopsy and the improvement after drug withdrawal. Peptic ulcers or toxic hepatitis have been previously described as independent adverse reactions in patients taking nimesulide or other NSAIDs but their simultaneous occurrence in a single patient is a unique event that deserves to be reported.
 ...
PMID:[Bleeding gastric ulcers and acute hepatitis: 2 simultaneous adverse reactions due to nimesulide in a case]. 1122 44

The term 'non-alcoholic fatty liver disease' (NAFLD) includes cases with steatosis alone and those with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Usually there are no signs or symptoms, sometimes fatigue or pain, and apart from hepatomegaly the condition is revealed by abnormal liver biochemistry or by abdominal ultrasound. Most cases are associated with overweight or diabetes. Liver enzymes are usually elevated, especially GGT, ASAT and ALAT. Other conditions, including alcohol abuse and autoimmune hepatitis, have to be excluded. The diagnosis of steatosis can be made with ultrasound or CT scan. A liver biopsy is often needed to exclude other disease and to assess inflammation and fibrosis. Cirrhosis can develop. NAFLD is usually caused by two 'hits': the 'first hit' is peripheral insulin resistance, causing steatosis. The 'second hit' is caused by reactive oxygen species, inducing vicious cycles leading to inflammation. Weight loss, metformin or thiazolidinediones can improve NAFLD by increasing insulin sensitivity. Radical scavengers such as vitamin E, betaine and perhaps also urodeoxycholic acid may improve the hepatitis component. Further studies on treatment are needed.
 ...
PMID:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a brief review. 1569 51

Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in Mongolia. Since 1982-1986 , when HCC became the most frequent cancer among the Mongolian population, the rate has been increasing continuously. In the period 2000-2005 years 35.3%of all newly registered cancer cases were liver cancers, with an incidence rate of 51.3 per 100,000 population. Compared to the previous 5 year period, the rate increased by 11%. The objective here was to analyze hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV)-related HCC cases and to evaluate the possibility of tumor marker (AFP) testing for early detection in Mongolia. Sera from a total of 513 patients with chronic liver diseases, liver cirrhosis and HCC were analyzed for liver function (ALAT, ASAT) and hepatitis virus markers (HBsAg, anti-HCV). Sera from 316 patients were also examined for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. The overall incidence of HBsAg or anti-HCV were very high ( 95.3%) among all patients. Some 33.5% (66/197) of patients with HCC were positive for HBsAg and 45.2% (89/197) for anti-HCV. Moreover, 17.3% ( 34/197) of HCC patients demonstrated co-infection with HBV and HCV. AFP levels were elevated in 4.6% (11/238) and 29.5% (23/78) of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis patients, respectively. In HCC cases, 84.3% (166) of patients had increased level of AFP ranging from 32 ng/ml to more than 400 ng/ml. We conclude that HBV/HCV infection is the main factor related to development of HCC in Mongolia and that testing for AFP serum levels is a useful tool for early detection and diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma and its early detection by AFP testing in Mongolia. 1705 45


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>