Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Buoyant density of a recently discovered putative non-A to E hepatitis virus designated hepatitis G virus (HGV) was estimated in plasma or serum samples from three symptom-free carriers and two hepatitis patients. HGV RNA was detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in sucrose density fractions with a low density at 1.05-1.10 g/cm3, and the density shifted to 1.23-1.26 g/cm3 after a treatment of peak fractions with Tween 80. Fractionated HGV was precipitated with antibodies to apolipoproteins, but not at all with antibodies to IgG; it was retained by affinity columns of lectins. These results indicate that the circulating HGV would be covered with lipoproteins of the host and has sugar moieties on the surface. The association of HGV with lipids would be responsible for the observed low density and prevent the binding with antibodies for viral persistence.
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PMID:Association of circulating hepatitis G virus with lipoproteins for a lack of binding with antibodies. 895 63

Recently, a novel hepatitis virus, GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV), has been isolated. To elucidate the seroprevalence of chronic GBV-C/HGV infection in Japan and the phylogenetic relationship between Japanese strains and the strains previously reported, serum GBV-C/HGV RNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 203 patients with chronic liver diseases and 200 samples of voluntary blood donors. RT-PCR was performed with primers derived from the 5'-untranslated region which were conserved between GBV-C and HGV and distant from other flaviviruses including hepatitis C virus (HCV). The nucleotide sequences were determined by the dideoxy chain termination method. The phylogenetic analysis was performed by the neighbor-joining method. In 10 (4.7%) of 203 patients with chronic liver diseases and in 1 (0.5%) of 200 blood donor samples, serum GBV-C/HGV RNA was detected. Of 10 patients, 9 patients were positive for anti-HCV and negative for HBsAg, and 1 patient was positive for HBsAg and negative for anti-HCV. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that there were three major groups which were group 1 (GBV-C), group 2 (HGV), and group 3 (a group of Japanese strains). These data indicated that (1) there was a low prevalence of GBV-C/HGV infection in Japanese patients with chronic liver diseases, (2) a high proportion of patients with GBV-C/HGV infection had chronic HCV infection however, and (3) there were at least three groups in strains of GBV-C/HGV.
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PMID:GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection among Japanese patients with chronic liver diseases and blood donors. 902 81

A new member of the Flaviviridae family has recently been cloned and completely sequenced. The new virus, tentatively named hepatitis G virus (HGV) and known to be closely related to GB virus C (GBV-C), is transmitted by blood and blood products, intravenous drug use and other behaviour associated with a high risk of parenteral exposure to blood. The association of the virus with hepatitis is demonstrated by the presence of raised liver transaminase (alanine aminotransferase, ALT) levels in patients infected with HGV in the absence of other identifiable causes of hepatitis. No patient sera from groups exposed to blood and blood products were found to be positive when tested for the presence of GBV-A or GBV-B sequences, two other recently described flaviviruses. Forty-five per cent of the HGV-infected patients investigated had normal ALT suggesting the existence of a normal carrier state. Persistent infection of up to 13 years duration was observed. Co-infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C viruses (HBV and HCV) was commonly seen presumably because of shared risk factors. None of five patients with fulminant hepatic failure was positive for HGV infection. The virus is sensitive to interferon-alpha, but sustained responses were not seen with the treatment regimens used for HBV and HCV. Viral titres increased during immunosuppression following liver transplantation and the higher levels of viraemia were in one case accompanied by elavated ALT. Whether HGV (GBV-C) replicates in the liver in some or all cases remains to be established. Preliminary data suggest that it is present within peripheral blood lymphocytes.
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PMID:Hepatitis G virus infection: clinical characteristics and response to interferon. 903 Oct 63

In a significant number of cases of fulminant (presumed viral) hepatitis worldwide, no aetiological agent has been identified. Recently, it has been suggested that a newly described flavivirus, GBV-C, is responsible for some of these cases. This study aimed to assess the clinical significance of GBV-C RNA, demonstrated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in the serum of patients with fulminant non-A to E hepatitis. Twenty-three consecutive cases of non-A to E fulminant hepatitis were included in the study. GBV-C RNA was reverse transcribed and amplified using two RT-PCR based detection methods. Medical records were examined to assess clinical history, duration and mode of infection, transfusion history, liver histology and clinical outcome. Five (three female, two male; mean age 21.2 years) of 23 patients had GBV-C RNA detected in their serum by RT-PCR: all five patients were RT-PCR positive following amplification by primers specific for the 5' non-coding region (NCR), whilst four were positive by primers for the NS3 region. Prior to the onset of illness, two patients had risk factors for transmission of an infectious agent; however, all five patients had been transfused during their illness, prior to testing for GBV-C. Of these, two (of two in whom serum was available) were negative for GBV-C after the onset of fulminant hepatitis but before their first transfusion. This study does not support the hypothesis that the detection of hepatitis G virus (HGV)/GBV-C RNA in the serum of patients with fulminant hepatitis indicates a causal association. However, it does demonstrate that a careful transfusion history and screening of blood products is vital before the importance of GBV-C in the aetiology of fulminant hepatitis can be established.
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PMID:The clinical significance of the detection of hepatitis GBV-C RNA in the serum of patients with fulminant, presumed viral, hepatitis. 903 Oct 64

Recently, a possible agent for non-A to E hepatitis, designated hepatitis GB virus C (HGBV-C) or hepatitis G virus (HGV), has been discovered; HGBV-C and HGV are considered separate isolates of the same virus and responsible for a common, persistent, transfusion-transmissible infection. Although the vast majority of HGBV-C/HGV infections are not associated with hepatic injuries and the presence of HGBV-C/HGV infection had no apparent effect on the clinical course of coexistent hepatitis C, the viral RNA has been reported in some patients with chronic hepatitis or fulminant hepatitis of a non-A to E etiology. At present we cannot draw definitive conclusions regarding the course and outcome of all individuals infected with HGBV-C/HGV alone. More extensive studies are required before HGBV-C/HGV can be regarded as a passenger virus.
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PMID:[Hepatitis G virus (HGBV-C/HGV) as a putative agent for non-A to E hepatitis]. 908 50

It has been clarified that hepatitis C virus(HCV) is the major cause of acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. However, it is also clear that there still exist a group of patients with viral hepatitis who are seronegative for hepatitis A, B, C, D or E virus infections. In this article, epidemiological studies on such non-A-E hepatitis in Japan are reported. Since the introduction of blood screening with hepatitis B virus(HBV) core antibody and HCV antibody in addition to HBV surface antigen, incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis decreased remarkably to a level less than 1%. Therefore, occurrence of non-A-E posttransfusion is rare in Japan. As for acute sporadic hepatitis, about 20% of the patients were diagnosed as type non-A-E. Those patients with non-A-E acute sporadic hepatitis showed relatively mild hepatitis. About 5% of patients with chronic hepatitis was negative for both markers of HBV and HCV infections. Hepatitis G virus, a newly discovered hepatitis virus, accounted for only a minor part of acute and chronic non-A-E hepatitis.
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PMID:[Non-A-E acute and chronic hepatitis in Japan]. 908 52

Hepatitis B virus(HBV), hepatitis C virus(HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infections are common among intravenous drug abusers, with a global distribution. The recently discovered hepatitis GB virus C(HGBV-C)/hepatitis G virus(HGV) has been linked to blood-borne non-A-E hepatitis. HGBV-C RNA was determined by the polymerase chain reaction with primers deduced from a helicase-like region in 189 patients with type C chronic liver diseases. Overall, HGBV-C RNA was detected in 22(11.6%) patients. The prevalence of HGBV-C RNA was estimated according to the suspected transmission routes(blood transfusion, intravenous drug abuse, tattooing and unknown) of HCV. 22.7-25.0% of type C hepatitis patients with a history of intravenous drug abuse were positive for HGBV-C RNA. These results indicate that HGBV-C is transmitted frequently in intravenous drug abusers coinfected with HCV.
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PMID:[Infection with hepatitis GB virus C in intravenous drug abusers with type C chronic liver diseases]. 908 56

New hepatitis viruses, hepatitis G virus(HGV) and hepatitis GB virus C(HGBV-C), were reported from two groups of researchers. Now these two are thought to be similar but HGV genome(U44402) and HGBV-C genome(U36380) do not have the same sequence. We compare these two sequences in both nucleotide and aminoacid analyses. Homology of nucleotide between HGV and HGBV-C is 83.8% in 5'NC region, 88.8% in core, 85.1% in E1, 85.7% in E2, 85.1% in NS2-3, 84.5% in NS4A, 86.8% in NS4B-5A, 88.6% in NS5B and 18.0% in 3'NC. The length of 3'NC is quite different between HGV and HGBV-C. Homology of aminoacid between these two viruses is 82.9% in core region, 87.3% in E1, 91.0% in E2, 97.4% in NS2-3, 93.8% in NS4A, 96.2% in NS4B-5A and 96.6% in NS5B. Especially helicase and replicase regions are highly conserved in 99.0% and 92.7% of aminoacid homology, respectively.
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PMID:[Comparison between HGV genome and HGBV-C genome]. 908 65

Hepatitis G virus(HGV) is a new RNA virus that is most closely related to members of the Flaviviridae family. HGV RNA was found in only a low percentage of patients with either acute or chronic non-A-E hepatitis. HGV appears to co-infect or superinfect in 10-15% of HCV infections, and in 5-15% of HBV infections. The prevalence of HGV infection(0.8%) among voluntary blood donor in Japan is similar to that for HCV infection. A history of blood transfusion was obtained in 50-60% of HGV RNA positive subjects. HGV was also detected in about 10% of hemodialysis patients. Finally, isolated HGV infection appears to have a low disease burden.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of hepatitis G virus infection in Japan]. 908 66

The extreme 5'-terminal sequences of the GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV), containing elements essential for regulation of viral gene expression and replication, have not been determined. By using a RNA-ligase-mediated RACE (rapid amplification of the cDNA ends) procedure, we have cloned the extreme 5'-terminal sequences of the viral genome from the serum of three Taiwanese patients. Sequence analysis of the 5' noncoding region in alignment with one West African and two American isolates showed that (i) a consensus 5'-end sequence was cloned; (ii) about 97% of sequences were homologous among the three Taiwan isolates and also between the two American isolates, whereas about 90% of sequences were homologous among the isolates from the three different geographic areas; (iii) the sequence heterogeneity related to geographic separation is confined mainly to three domains; and (iv) a potential hairpin structure, resembling the hairpin structure found in the 5' end of hepatitis C virus genome, was detected in the 5' end of the noncoding region. Our data support the hypotheses that (i) the extreme 5' end of the hepatitis GBV-C/HGV viral genome has been cloned, (ii) there are different genotypes correlated with geographic separation, and (iii) the viral translation and replication mechanisms may be similar to that of hepatitis C virus and pestiviruses. Our data have not only shed light on the viral replication mechanism but also offer information for selection of optimal primer sequences for the detection and genotyping of the hepatitis GBV-C/HGV virus by PCR assays.
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PMID:Cloning and characterization of the extreme 5'-terminal sequences of the RNA genomes of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus. 909 71


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